• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

This paper presents a case study of designing the stroller and its renting system for department stores in order to verify the feasibility of the participatory design approach, in particular the concept generation toolkits and the participatory design workshops, in the product development process. As the concept generation toolkits to draw active user participation, a Velcro Covered stroller model and a Block Layout System were developed and used in a series of the participatory design workshops. The results suggest that the participatory design approach provides better understanding of what the users want and allows designers to avoid false expectation about the design context. It was also found that the experience of design team with the users in the workshop was a good source of design ideation. The study also suggests that participatory design approach can become more effective by developing the concept generation toolkits which are more appropriate for design problems and the methods to smoothly transform the concepts from users into synthesized design solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

The human body, which is composed of concave and convex curvatures, makes it difficult to transfer into 2D patterns directly from 3D data. In previous studies. Jeong, et al.(2004) suggested the block method was fester and easier when dealing with the triangular patches of male's upper dress form. Although the block method is useful to make a pattern, the information(area, length, etc.) from a 2D pattern would be different depending on the direction of the block method. As a result horizontal and diagonal block methods were suggested as optimal methods for 2D tight-fitting patterns. These block methods were closer to the original area of the 3D scan data than the vertical block method. The total area of the 2D pattern obtained by the horizontal and diagonal block methods showed little differences. In case of the horizontal and diagonal block methods, the total error of the 2D pattern area ranged from $0.01\%\~0.25\%$. In comparing the length of the 2D pattern with that of the 3D scan data, the obtained 2D pattern was $0.1\~0.2cm$ shorter than the 3D scan data, which was within the acceptable range of errors in making clothes. 3D space distribution images between the body surface and the experimental clothing were also measured and $3\%$ enlargement of the original pattern was verified as the adequate adjustment.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.262-273
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• 2002

MOLAP is a technology that accelerates multidimensional data analysis by storing data in a multidimensional array and accessing them using their position information. Depending on a mapping scheme of a multidimensional array onto disk, the sliced of MOLAP operations such as slice and dice varies significantly. [1] proposed a MOLAP cube storage scheme that divides a cube into small chunks with equal side length, compresses sparse chunks, and stores the chunks in row-major order of their chunk indexes. This type of cube storage scheme gives a fair chance to all dimensions of the input data. Here, we developed a variant of their cube storage scheme by placing chunks in a different order. Our scheme accelerates slice and dice operations by aligning chunks to physical disk block boundaries and clustering neighboring chunks. Z-indexing is used for chunk clustering. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is evaluated through experiments. We showed that the proposed scheme is efficient for 3~5 dimensional cubes that are frequently used to analyze business data.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.274-281
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• 1999

Many popularly used recent high-sped and high-capacity disks use the Zone-Structured in which a disk consists of multiple zones. A zone-structured disk has multiple zones, and the bandwidth and the number of sectors in each zone are different from each other. When the previous studies that modeled disks based on the assumption that the number of sectors in all tracks are same are applied to the zone-structured disk and the video data stored in a round-robin manner are read out with the SCAN technique, the transfer rate of the disk is fixed with that of the innermost zone. And excessive disk space is wasted either. To resolve the problem, this paper proposes a method for reconstructing the physical zones into logical zones by split and merge operations and develops a method for determining optimum transfer block size.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Deep learning is one of the most widely accepted methods for the forecasting of time series data which have the complexity and non-linear behavior. In this paper, we investigate the modification of a state-of-art WaveNet deep learning architecture and walk forward validation (WFV) in order to forecast electric power consumption data 24-hour-ahead. WaveNet originally designed for raw audio uses 1D dilated causal convolution for long-term information. First of all, we propose a modified version of WaveNet which activates real numbers instead of coded integers. Second, this paper provides with the training process with tuning of major hyper-parameters (i.e., input length, batch size, number of WaveNet blocks, dilation rates, and learning rate scheduler). Finally, performance evaluation results show that the prediction methodology based on WFV performs better than on the traditional holdout validation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.74-85
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• 2021

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are intrinsically vulnerable to radio frequency jamming signals due to the fundamental property of radio navigation systems. A GNSS jamming monitoring system that is capable of jamming detection, classification and localization is essential for infrastructure for autonomous driving systems. For these 3 functionalities, a GNSS jamming monitoring network consisting of a multiple of low-cost GNSS receivers distributed in a certain area is needed, and the precise time synchronizaion between multiple independent GNSS receivers in the network is an essential element. This paper presents a precise time synchronization method based on the direct use of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technique in signal domain. A block interpolation method is additionally incorporated into the method in order to maintain the precision of time synchronization even with the relatively low sampling rate of the received signals for computational efficiency. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified in the numerical simualtions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.147-153
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• 2022

Most of the metaverse service is a gamification type of metaverse solution composed by placing 3D objects on a 360 panoramic world base. However, the metaverse webtoon service is lacking in implementation and research. In this study, a method for realizing a 2D flat image form in a 3D space and a realistic 360-degree panoramic webtoon metaverse service were studied. The research process consisted of basic storytelling and design work for webtoon production, panoramic image creation to convert the produced image into 360-degree form, and content creation process for viewing 360-degree directions. Finally, we implemented shading and material work with game engine tools so that you can enjoy virtual reality-based webtoons. The webtoon-based metaverse study studied the process of creating a 360-degree panoramic webtoon from content that can only be viewed in 2D format. Accordingly, it is thought that webtoons will also be presented as a standard for the production and implementation method for the metaverse service.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-396
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• 2007

The aims of this study were to compare the shaping effect and safety between single length technique recommended by manufacturer and crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file and to present a modified method in use of Mtwo file. Sixty simulated root canal resin blocks were used. The canals were divided into three groups according to instrument and the manner of using methods. Each group had 20 specimens. Group MT was instrumented with single length technique of Mtwo, group MC was instrumented with crown-down technique of Mtwo and group PT was instrumented with crown-down technique of ProTaper. All of the rotary files used in this study were operated by an electric motor. The scanned canal images of before and after preparation were superimposed. These superimposed images were evaluated at apical 1 to 8 mm levels Angle changes were calculated. The preparation time, weight loss, instrument failure and binding, canal aberrations, and centering ratio were measured. Statistical analysis of the three experimental groups was performed with ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests for post-hoc comparison and Fisher's exact test was done for the frequency comparison. In total preparation time, group MT and group MC were less than group PT. In the aberrations, group MT had more elbows than those of group MC and group PT. The binding of group MC was least and group MT was less than group PT (P < 0.05). Under the condition of this study, crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file is better and safer method than single length technique recommended by the manufacturer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4822-4831
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• 2012

During the 2000s there were changes in the educational facility policy having impact on school architecture, such as departmental classroom system by the 7th national curriculum and BTL projects. Especially for secondary school architecture with the new keyword of 'departmental classroom system' unlike elementary school with the well-known keyword of 'open classroom', the emergence of new school architecture was anticipated. For these reasons it is worth while to notice secondary school architecture in the 2000s and this study aims to review the architectural characteristics of middle schools as first step. Cases of 18 schools selected by EDUMAC were analyzed focused on site planning and planning characteristics of each spaces. Through the analysis, the architectural characteristics of middle schools in the 2000s are summarized and comments on some problems are made. In summary, case schools have typical characteristics of Korean school architecture in unit classrooms and block plan for daylight condition. On the other hand, they have more diversity in space organization and facility program. But it leave something to be desired in expressing urban architectural characteristics, traditionality and locality with searching for new school architecture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2497-2504
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' issued by Seoul Education Committee in 1975 because it is the early example for middle school architecture. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) In general trend of single-corridor type block plan, there are also changes in floor plan like no-corridor type block plan, $9.9{\times}6.6m$ classroom unit for the better daylight condition, built-in storage for students. 2) As for elevation design, it is characterized as daylight-oriented, functional exterior for without making full use of design elements. 3) Standardized dimensions are used as a rule in the height of story, ceiling, window sill and etc. Transitional characteristics of the early RC school architecture are found in exposed ceiling, incomplete insulation structure and mixed use of wood framed floor of earlier type. 4) Contrast to main school building, gymnasium shows the intend to express the symbolism of school architecture with diverse elevation design elements and the plasticity of building mass. 5) Separated plan of toilet and night-duty building also show the transitional characteristics. As conclusion, though showing the stereotyped school architecture, on the other hand, 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' (1975) makes it possible to see the way of coping with the demands for school architecture in that time and the transition of school architecture. This is the main value of it as the material for the studies related to the history of educational facilities.