• Review of Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

In this study, a new granular type mouthwash with equivalent antibacterial activity to marketed liquid type mouthwash was developed using a material called magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin). This material adsorbs the surface of granules to improve the flowability of granules due to the formation of a eutectic mixture of the main constituents, which have improved flow properties and rapid disintegration time and little residue in the oral cavity. The characteristics of the granules were improved when the amount of Neusilin was 10% or more according to measurements of the granule properties, such as flowability. In addition, a disintegration test in artificial saliva and a sensory test in the human oral cavity were carried out to confirm the improved disintegration characteristics and sensory test results. The antimicrobial test confirmed similar antibacterial activity to that of the liquid oral cleanser already sold in the market. The granular oral cleanser composition prepared in this study can be used for the development of pharmaceuticals containing different drugs with similar characteristics as eutectic mixtures at the same time, which is considered to be useful in the development of medicines in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1972

국산산성백토(國産酸性白土)를 정제(錠劑)의 붕노제(崩努劑)로 개발(開發)하고자 종내(從來) 붕해제(崩解劑)로 사용(使用)해 오든 corn starch, calcium methylcellulose, kaolin, calcium silicate 및 Pectin과 국산산성백토(國産酸性白土)를 붕해제(崩解劑)로하고 정제(錠劑)의 주약성분(主藥成分)으로서는 불용성(不溶性)인 Ca-PAS KP II 를 택(澤)하였다. 이상(以上)의 각(各) 붕해제(崩解劑)의 一錠當(일정당) 함양(含量)을 0%에서 25%까지 7종(種)으로 달리하고 이것을 각각(各各) 사용(使用)하여 만든 과립(顆粒)의 입자도(粒子度)도 각각(各各) 4종류(四種類)로 분류(分類)하였다. 여기에 활택제(滑澤劑) 로서 0.5% mg-stearate를 공통(共通)으로 첨가(添加)하였다. 이상(以上)을 각각(各各) 동일(同一)한 조건하(條件下)에서 타정(打錠)하여 수종(數種)의 정제(錠劑)를 만들었다. 이들 정제(錠劑)에 대(對)하여 경도(硬度)및 붕해도시험(崩解度試驗)을 하여 비교검토(比較檢討)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Corn starch는 우수(優秀)한 붕해제(崩解劑)이나 그첨가량(添加量)이 8%이상(以上)이 될 때 는 타정시(打錠時) 압력(壓力)을 받지 않어 정제(錠劑) 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 사용(使用)할 수 없었다. 2. Ca-Mc는 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 첨가량(添加量)이 8%이상(以上) 일때에도 사용가능(使用可能) 하였으나 15%이상(以上) 일때는 타정시(打錠時) 압력(壓力)이 약(弱)해졌다. 3. Kaolin 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 부적당(不適當) 하다고 사려(思慮)되였다. 4. Ca-silicate도 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 적당(適當)하였으나 Pectin은 가장 부적당(不適當)하였다. 5. 산성백토(酸性白土)는 정제붕해제(錠劑崩解劑)로서 타정시(打錠時) 25% 첨가시(添加時)에도 압력(壓力)을 잘 받어 정제(錠劑)의 경도(硬度)를 유지(維持)할수 있었을 뿐만 아니라 붕해도(崩解度)도 양호(良好)한 성적(成績)을 나타내여 가장 우수(優秀)한 붕해제(崩解劑)임을 확인(確認)하였다. 6. 일반적(一般的)으로 타정(打錠)에 사용(使用)되는 과립(顆粒)의 size가 적을수륵 붕해시간(崩解時間)은 짧았으며 정제(錠劑)의 경도(硬度)가 높을수록 붕해시간(崩解時間)은 길었다. 그러나 정확(正確)한 비예성(比例性)은 찾기힘들었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.308-308
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• 1994

열분석 (DSC, TG/DTA)을 통해 Q-35는 A, B, C의 세가지 다형이 존재함을 알수 있었으며 이중 상대습도에 따른 흡습성의 변화가 적고, 가습에 의해 다형전환이 일어나지 않는 C형이 제제에 유리하다고 사료된다. 또한C형은 분쇄, 연합 및 타정에 의한 다형의 전환이 없었다. Q-35의 용해도는 물, 메탄올, 에탄올에 각각 0.30.3.55,6.31mg/m1 이었으며 PH5이상에서는 급격히 용해도가 감소하고 산성에서는 용해도가 크게 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 적층시험, 배합시험을 통해 선정한부형제의 표준 처방 혼합물로 정제를 저조한 결과Q-35의 성형성은 양호하였고 Q-35의 함량이 증가함에 따라 붕해시간이 다소 지 연됨을 알수 있었다. 그러나 Q-35원료는 유동성이 적어 직타법이 적합하지 않았으며, 습식 과립압축법에 따라 저조한 정제의 붕해시간은 5-9분, 15분 후 용출은 91.$\pm$5.0% 이었다. Q-35정제를 4$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ ㆍ 75%RH에서 6개월, 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 3개월 보존후 함량을 측정한 결과 각각 100.0, 98.7, 98.9%이었으며 그밖의 항목에서도 안정한 결과를 얻어 Q-35정제는 온도 및 습도어 안정한 것으로 사료된다. 대량생산 연구결과 Q-35의 결정수가 이탈되지 않도록 건조, 코팅 공정 중 정제의 온도를 5$0^{\circ}C$ 이하로 유지시켰다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.848-851
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• 1999

In order to increase the stability of Ginkgo Biloba extract, we investigated the effect of three different fill formulations(SBO, PEG400, and PEG600 fill types) on the stability of Ginkgo Biloba extract in three different shell formulations (ssmb, smb and gmb shell types). The stabilities of each types were evaluated by testing their disintegration time sunder the condition of $40^{\circ}C$, 75% relative humidity(RH) for 8 weeks. The formulation of Ginkgo Biloba extract with ssmb and PEG600 formulation type showed the best stability among them.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.595-600
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper was to prepare and evaluate solid dispersions (SD) that can increase the dissolution rate of dexibuprofen as a model drug with low solubility in water using saccharides and sugar alcohols as dispersion materials. DSC, XRD, content and content uniformity test, dissolution test, and disintegration test were conducted for physicochemical evaluation of the prepared SD. For the results, it was confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry that fructose, which has a melting point around 120 ℃ of the device operating temperature range, is a suitable excipient for the preparation of SD by the rotary hot-melt granulation (RHMG) method. X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted to confirm that the crystallinity of dexibuprofen was reduced. Disintegration test of the prepared tablet using SD-containing dexibuprofen and fructose confirmed a very fast disintegration time within 1~2 seconds and also showed that the dissolution rate was about 20% faster than that of the dexibuprofen raw material. Dexibuprofen with reduced crystallinity by SD confirmed through the RHMG method can be used to increase the dissolution rate of the drug and increase the disintegration time of the tablet. Thus, it can be used in the manufacturing of various solid preparations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

아세트아미노펜(파라세타몰)은 p-aminophenol 유도체로서 (그림 1) 두통, 치통, 신경통 등의 통증에 널리 사용되는 해열진통제인데 아스피린과 같은 정도의 해열 진통 효과를 나타내며, 이것은 중추신경계의 체온조절 중추에 작용하여 피부혈관을 확장함으로써 열의 확산을 증가시키는 해열작용과 시상 및 대뇌피질에의 통각역치를 높여 진통작용을 하는 것으로 추정 된다. 아세트아미노펜은 백색의 결정 또는 결성성 가루로 물에 조금 녹고 메탄올 또는 에탄올에 잘 녹으며 수산화나트륨 시액에 녹고 에텔에는 매우 녹기 어렵다 (표1). 대한약전에서는 정제가, 미국약전에는 캅셀제, 좌제, 경구현탁액제, 발포성 건조시럽, 정제 등이 수재되어 있고, 세계 각국에서 OTC 제품으로 1정당 160mg의 츄잉정까지 판매되고 있다. 그러나, 시판되고 있는 정제등은 붕해되어 용출되는데 오랜시간이 소요되어 대한약전에는 약 30분간에 80%이상의 용출기준이 설정되어 있으며, 독특한 쓴맛 때문에 microencapsulation 한 제피세립을 사용하고 있으나 역시 1 정당 300mg 이상의 확산정이나 속용정은 존재하지 않는다. 이것을 개선하기 위하여 붕해속도가 빠르고 특히 진통효과가 빠르며 물없이 구강내에서 간편히 녹여 복용하거나 또는 씹어서 또는 물과 함께 복용할 수 도 있는 $\ulcorner$알카펜$\lrcorner$ 속용정을 개발하게 되었다 (그림2).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.260-267
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• 2015

We investigated the applicability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer in enteric-coated soft capsules based on determination of quality characteristics according to molecular weight and concentration of enteric-coating PEG solution. There was no difference according to molecular weight of PEG, whereas a low PEG concentration in the enteric-coating solution was associated with higher whiteness index and slower disintegration time in pH 6.8 media. Brittleness was observed in the coating film at seam areas in 5% PEG enteric-coating solution after 2 weeks of storage at room temperature. The enteric-coating properties of PEG were compared with those of acetylated monoglyceride (AMG) and triacetin, which are enteric-coating plasticizers. Enteric-coated soft capsule containing PEG as a plasticizer showed a lower whiteness index and faster dissolution profile than AMG and triacetin. Moreover, enteric-coated soft capsule containing AMG and triacetin as plasticizers showed coating film brittleness at seam areas after 2 months of accelerated storage [$40^{\circ}C$, relative humidity (RH) 75%] but no difference at room temperature storage ($25^{\circ}C$, RH 60%). The present study suggests that concentration of PEG is important to determine enteric-coating quality, regardless of the molecular weight of PEG. In conclusion, PEG has potential as a plasticizer due to its transparency and storage stability in enteric-coated soft capsules.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.18-33
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• 1972

Pharmaceutical Study on the Compressed tablets. Hardness, Friability, Disintegration time and Coefficient of Variance of Compressed tablets. Soo Uck Kim, Sung Hoon seo and Hyun Woo Lee (Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) In order to know Hardness, Friability, Disintegration time and Coefficient of variance of the pharmaceutical tablets the 135 tablets sampled from market were tested in the paper. The samples tested in this paper were as follows: Antipyretics and Analgetics 41 Stomach and Digestives 22 Antituberculars 19 Vitamins 12 Sulfa drugs 9 Others (Antihistaminics etc) 32 Total 135 The results of the investigation are shown in table 1-8, Fig 1-Fig 6. Mean values of Hardness, Friability, Disintegration time and Coefficient of variance in each pharmaceutical preparation are as follows. Antipyretics and Analgetics : Hardness(kg) = 5.83 Antipyretics and Analgetics : Friabil.(%) = 0.82 Antipyretics and Analgetics : Disint.t.(min) = 5.28' Antipyretics and Analgetics : Coeff. of V.(%) = 2.90 Stomach and Digestives : Hardness(kg) = 4.11 Stomach and Digestives : Friabil.(%) = 0.71 Stomach and Digestives : Disint.t.(min) = 3.43' Stomach and Digestives : Coeff. of V.(%) = 2.76 Antituberculars : Hardness(kg) = 4.78 Antituberculars : Friabil.(%) = 0.52 Antituberculars : Disint.t.(min) = 4.32' Antituberculars : Coeff. of V.(%) = 2.99 Vitamins : Hardness(kg) = 1.60 Vitamins : Friabil.(%) = 0.43 Vitamins : Disint.t.(min) = 4.10' Vitamins : Coeff. of V.(%) = 3.19 Sulfa drugs : Hardness(kg) = 4.77 Sulfa drugs : Friabil.(%) = 0.37 Sulfa drugs : Disint.t.(min) = 3.10' Sulfa drugs : Coeff. of V.(%) = 2.09 Others : Hardness(kg) = 2.40 Others : Friabil.(%) = 0.66 Others : Disint.t.(min) = 2.19' Others : Coeff. of V.(%) = 3.10 The following summeries might be shown; 1. Ranges of Hardness, Friability, Disintegration time and Coefficient of variance are respectively 1.6 to 5.38 kg, 0.37 to 0.82%, 2 minut 19 second to 5 minut 28 second and 2.09 to 3.10%. 2. According to the results, it could be indicated that higher Hardness shows lower Friability. 3. Against the general conception between Hardness and Disintegration time, higher Hardness shows lower Disintegration time. 4. It seems that higher mean weight shows lowcr Coefficient variance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2017

We aimed to develop commercialization process of encapsulation which is superior in productivity compared to existing methods by using sodium alginate. Also, in the same process, sodium alginate with chitosan was used to encapsulate lactic acid bacteria with the same process and then the viable cell counts of the two encapsulated lactic acid bacteria were compared. As a test result of the fluidized drying process developed by the present researchers, it was found that the drying time was shortened by 15 to 20 hours compared to the freeze drying method, but the number of viable lactic acid bacteria was about 75% as compared with freeze drying. However, considering the cost and time of drying, it can be confirmed that the commercialization process is possible by the fluidized bed drying method. When the number of viable cells of Ca-alginate capsule and Chitosan-alginate capsule were compared, it was confirmed that there were about $1{\times}10^9$ or more bacteria in the former and about $1{\times}10^3$ in the latter. The lactic acid bacterium capsules prepared by the present technique were stable for 96 hours or more at pH 4.65 and 6.01, but disappeared within 1 hour at pH 7.07 and 8.35. This suggests that the disintegration of lactic acid bacteria can be easily occurred in small and large intestine.