• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.726-731
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• 1999

Background: The distinction between non-invasive and invasive or thymic carcinoma has been severely compromised by lack of objective morphological criteria. A reliable biological marker of tumor aggressiveness is, therefore, mandatory for predicting tumor behavior. Material and Method: Thirty thymic epithelial tumors, including 7 non-invasive thymoma, 10 invasive thymoma, and 13 thymic carcinoma of the Rosai's classification; and 5 stage I, 7 stage II, 2 stage III, and 3 stage IVa of the Masaoka stage of thymoma were investigated for expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins by immunohistochemistry. Result: The thymic epithelial cells showed positive immunostain for bcl-2 in 0 (0%), 3 (30%), 8 (61.5%) of categories in the Rosai's classification respectively and in 0 (0%), 1 (14.3%), 2 (100%), 0 (0%) of stage I, II, III, IVa of the Masaoka stage respectively. Thymic carcinoma, and high stage thymoma had significantly higher proportion of bcl-2 expression than thymoma (p=0.021) and low stage thymoma (p=0.011). However, p53 showed no correlation with the histological subtypes nor with clinical aggressiveness. Bcl-2 expression appeared to be positively correlated with p53 immunoactivity (p=0.007, kappa=0.525). Conclusion: These date indicate that bcl-2 expression correlates with aggressiveness in thymic epithelial tumors, but further studies on mutation of p53 protein is necessary because bcl-2 expression appeared to be positively correlated with p53 immunoactivity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 1995

This study was carried out to select the useful mutants among 20 lines treated with mutagen, gamma ray. These materials were treated with 15, 20, 25 and 30Krads, respectively and sowed at experimental field of College of Agriculture on 27th May, 1995. Items surveyed were germination rate and loss of chlorophyll at seedling stages, abnormal reproductive organs, discordance of flowering times and stem and ear height at ripening stages. The germination rate of lines treated with 15 Krad was different. The germination rate of the IK1, IK2 and Sinki lines were high, while the IK3, A632 and FR140 lines were very low. At same dose level, the germination rate of both IK1/H26 and Puyo synthetic variety were different; the germination rate of the IK1/H26 was high as above 70% at all treatments, while that of the Puyo synthetic variety was very poor at above 20 Krad. Generally stem adn ear height of the IK1/H26 were gradually decreased as the dose of mutagen increased, but there was no difference in stem and ear height of the IK1/H26 when this line was treated with 20Krad. The stem and ear height of lines treated with 15 Krad were shown to be decreased than those of check with non-treatment. The number of tiller of tillering lines were not greatly affected by ${\gamma}$-ray treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.61-71
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• 2003

Existent DDHV draws and is calculating K coefficient. D coefficient from sum of traffic volume two-directions time. There is difference of design order and actuality order, error of DDHV estimation value, problem of irregular change etc. of DDHV thereby. In this study, among traffic volume of each other independent two direction(going up, going down), decide design target order in the directional traffic volume, presented way(way) applying without separating K coefficient and D coefficient at the same time. The result were analysis about national highway permanent count point 360 points 30 orders by existing DDHV estimation value method(separation plan) analysis wave and following variation appear. - design order and actuality order are collision at 357 agencies(99.2%) - actuality order special quality : Measuring efficiency of average 80 orders, maximum 1,027 order, minimum 2 orders - error distribution of design order and actuality order : inside 10 hours is(30$\pm$10hour) 106 points(29.4%), 254 points(70.6%) more than 30 orders and $\pm$10 orders error occurrence be - DDHV estimation value : Average 8.4%, maximum 46.7% The other side, average 50 orders. error improvement effect of DDHV 8.4% was analysed that is at design hourly volume computation by inseparability method in case of AADT premises correct thing because inseparability plan agrees actuality order at whole agency with design order and measuring efficiency of DDHV estimation value is "0".t;0".uot;.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.87-95
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• 2013

In this paper, 2.5 Gb/s burst-mode clock and data recovery(CDR) is presented. Digital frequency calibration scheme is adopted to eliminate mismatch between the input data rate and the output frequency of the gated voltage controlled oscillator(GVCO) in the clock recovery circuitry. A jitter rejection scheme is also used to reduce jitter caused by input data. The proposed burst-mode CDR is designed using 0.11 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Post-layout simulations show that peak-to-peak jitter of the recovered data is 14 ps with 0.1 UI input referred jitter, and maximum tolerance of consecutive identical digit(CID) is 2976 bits without input data jitter. The active area occupies 0.125 $mm^2$ without loop filter and the total power consumption is 94.5 mW.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.825-829
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• 2015

Theoretical calculations suggest that the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) can be improved by introducing a core-shell heterostructure to a semiconductor nanowire because of the reduced thermal conductivity of the nanowire. To experimentally verify the decrease in thermal conductivity in core-shell nanowires, the thermal conductivity of Ge-SixGe1-x core-shell nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was measured using suspended microdevices. The silicon composition (Xsi) in the shells was measured to be about 0.65, and the remainder of the germanium in the shells was shown to play a role in decreasing defects originating from the lattice mismatch between the cores and shells. In addition to the standard four-point current- voltage (I-V) measurement, the measurement configuration based on the Wheatstone bridge was attempted to enhance the measurement sensitivity. The measured thermal conductivity values are in the range of 9-13 W/mK at room temperature and are lower by approximately 30 than that of a germanium nanowire with a comparable diameter.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.476-483
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• 1996

Following radiation therapy for brain tumors, patients often have clinical deterioration due to either radiation necrosis or recurrent tumor progression in the treatment field. The distinction between these entities is important but difficult clinically or even with CT or MRI. T1-201 has been known to accumulate in various tumors and be useful to grade, predict prognosis or detect recurrence of glioma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of T1-201 SPECT in the differentiation of recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis. Of 67 patients who did T1-201 brain SPECT imaging with clinically suspected recurrent tumor or radiation necrosis, 20 patients underwent histopathological examination and constituted the study population. T1-201 uptake indices on T1-201 brain SPECT imaging rrere calculated and correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Of 20 patients, 15 were histopathologically confirmed as recurrent original tumor or malignant transformation of benign tumor and 5 were diagnosed as radiation necrosis. On T1-201 SPECT, 18 of 20 had T1-201 index above 2.5 which was regarded as positive indicator for the presence of tumor. Seventeen cases showed concordance, which consisted of 15 true positive and 2 true negative. Discordant 3 cases were all false positive. There was no case of false negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of T1-201 SPECT were 100%, 40%, 83% and 100%. In conclusion, T1-201 brain SPECT is a sensitive diagnostic test in the detection of recurrent tumor following radiation therapy and is useful in the differentiation of recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis. Relatively low specificity should be evaluated further in larger number of patients in consideration of sampling error and referral bias for pathologic examination.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4A
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• pp.239-249
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• 2012

Recently, the virtual view generation method using depth data is employed to support the advanced stereoscopic and auto-stereoscopic displays. Although depth data is invisible to user at 3D video rendering, its accuracy is very important since it determines the quality of generated virtual view image. Many works are related to such depth enhancement exploiting a time-of-flight (TOF) camera. In this paper, we propose a fast 3D scene capturing system using one TOF camera at center and two high-resolution cameras at both sides. Since we need two depth data for both color cameras, we obtain two views' depth data from the center using the 3D warping technique. Holes in warped depth maps are filled by referring to the surrounded background depth values. In order to reduce mismatches of object boundaries between the depth and color images, we used the joint bilateral filter on the warped depth data. Finally, using two color images and depth maps, we generated 10 additional intermediate images. To realize fast capturing system, we implemented the proposed system using multi-threading technique. Experimental results show that the proposed capturing system captured two viewpoints' color and depth videos in real-time and generated 10 additional views at 7 fps.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.33
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• pp.386-395
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• 2006

Multi-view video coding technology demands the very high efficient coding technologies, because it has to encode a number of video sequences which are achieved from a number of video cameras. For this purpose, multi-view video coding introduces the inter-view prediction scheme between different views, but it shows a limitation of coding performance enhancement by adopting only new prediction method. Accordingly, we are going to achieve the more coding performance by enhancing dequantizer perfermance. Multi-view video coding is implemented basically based on H.264/AVC and uses the same quantization/de-quantization method as H.264/AVC does. The conventional quantizer and dequantizer is designed with the assumption that input residual signal follows the Laplacian PDF. However, it doesn't follow the fixed PDF type always. This mismatch between assumption and real data causes degradation of coding performance. To solve this problem, we propose the efficient de-quantization method based on quantized coefficients distribution at decoder without extra information. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm produces maximum $1.5\;dB{\sim}0.6\;dB$ at high bitrate compared with that of conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.284-308
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• 1999

This study is about the nationwide research concerning the degree and trends of marital conflict and instability. The research samples are 1,217 married. As the result of the research, the most conflict able issues in Korean couples are on the husband-wife relations, such as habitual differences, sharing in houseworks, conflicts in the role expectation, and the communication problems. In this study, We devide the marital relationships into 4 types (A, B, C, and D) in the view of the satisfaction & instability of marriage. First, the marriage with unsatisfaction and instability (A) was portioned 8.3%, and the satisfactory & stable type (D) was portioned 68.4%. It seems the marital relationships in Korea are relatively stable. However, the portion of type B-unsatisfactory, but stable couples-is 17.1% and the type C-satisfactory, but unstable marriage 6.2%. The result implies that the indication of marital instability should consider not only the divorce rate, but also the quality of marital relationships. In other words, the intervention for the conflict couples yet not divorce is needed. The differences of conflict areas among the relational types is not so much, but the degrees on conflicts are very serious. Especially, in the areas of marital conflict, love issues and personal value system affect the division of relational types of marriage most. It means the interaction factors are the most important variables about maintaining the marital relations with stable and satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

Article 64 of the Enforcement Decree of the National Contract Act The requirement of the pre-amendment statute related to the adjustment of the contract price was 5% or more of the price fluctuation rate from the date of the contract. However, the meeting requirement was changed from 5% or more to 3% or more from the date of signing of the Presidential Decree No. 19035 to 2005. 9. 8. The method of adjusting the contract amount was also changed to determine the contractor's desired adjustment method at the time of contract. Alleviating these requirements and revising the empowerment of contract partners is intended to prevent difficulties in achieving smooth objectives by applying to public construction contractors without unfairly benefiting or unfavorable to contract partners. Even if the standards are relaxed and the rights are secured as described above, if the existing provisions for the adjustment of price fluctuation are applied, unlike the original purpose of the government system, the Korea Bank's price economic statistics classification method and the contract construction classification criteria applied in public construction work Due to the inconsistency, it can be seen that the amount of adjustment for price fluctuation by construction type is excessive and underestimated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze problems through cases and to make appropriate construction cost adjustment through improvement measures.