• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

When the ambient air pressure was $0.1kg/cm^2$, there were few spherically formed droplets, which showed very badly fragmented state. The average particle size of the particles constituting the droplet was about 40 nm. When the air pressure increased to $0.5kg/cm^2$, the ratio of the spherical droplet forms increased, but still showed a state of severe disruption. The average particle size of the particles was reduced to about 35 nm. As the air pressure increased to $3kg/cm^2$, the ratio of spherical droplet form significantly increased, the degree of fragmentation even further decreased and the average particle size decreased to 30 nm. When the air pressure increased from 0.1 to $1kg/cm^2$, the XRD peak intensity showed little change, but the specific surface area was decreased. As the air pressure increased to $3kg/cm^2$, the intensity of XRD peaks showed a little decrease, while the specific surface area increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.124-129
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• 1998

고온고압 수화학 분위기를 모사한 조건에서 피로균열성장 거동에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 고온고압분위기 모사를 위해 Load machaine, Autoclave, Water loop, 균열측정장치(Reversing DCPD) 그리고 전기화학변수 측정장치 등을 설치하였다. 우선 공기분위기 및 상온수화학 분위기에서의 시험을 통해 안정성을 확인하였으며, 안정한 조건에서 고온수화학분위기에서 실험을 수행하였다. 수화학 분위기에서 용존산소에 상관없이 취성파면이 관찰되었다. 용존산소의 양이 적을 경우(10ppb이하) 발견된 취성파면의 양은 연성파면에 비해 훨씬 적었으며, 용존산소가 높을 경우(8000ppb) 취성파면의 양이 많이 발견되었다. 산소포화된 고온수화학 분위기 피로시험결과는 피로균열성장이 주로 취성파면에 의해 이루어졌으며, 균열성장속도 또한 크게 증가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

In case of using the electrical apparatus in the hazardous atmosphere which exist flammable gas mixtures, There is a dangerosity of gas explosion accident by the electrical spark. The most general method to prevent the explosion by the spark is to use the flame-proof type electrical apparatus to isolate the ignition source. from the flammable atmosphere. But actualy it is impossible to isolate the ignition sources from the atmosphere. So it was needed to find the safe gap which prevent ignition of flammable atmosphere by transmission of flame or heat when a flammable gas mixture exploded inside the apparatus. In this study we tried to find the maximum experimental safe gap(MESG) of $H_2$-air, and $CH_4$-air mixtures by using the 8 litre spherical vessel with 25mm flange. The experiment parameter were ignition position, concentration and initial pressure before explosion. From the experiment the ignition position was affected to the MESG. MESG value was minimum near the stoichiometric concentration of gas mixtures, and according to the increase of initial pressure MESG was decreased.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1998

According to the results for the thermodynamic stability of feed-stuff dust, there are little change of initiation temperature of heat generation and heating value for used particle size. But initiation temperature of heat generation decreased with high heating rate whereas decomposition heat increased with particle size. Using the supporting gas, O2, initiation temperature of heat generation decreased remarkably than using the inert gas, N2, and heating value increased as twenty times under the same condition. When the ignition energy is given from the outside, used fine particle which can float in the air easily reacted tremendously with oxygen. Average maximum explosion pressure was 6.88 Kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 80/100 mesh.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2023

Direct catalytic decomposition is a promising method for controlling the emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from the semiconductor and display industries. In this study, a γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was developed to reduce N₂O emissions by a catalytic decomposition reaction. The γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by an extrusion method using boehmite powder, and a N₂O decomposition test was performed using a catalyst reactor that was approximately 25.4 mm (1 in) in diameter packed with approximately 5 mm of catalysts. The N₂O decomposition tests were carried out with approximately 1% N₂O at 550 to 750 ℃, an ambient pressure, and a GHSV=1800-2000 h^-1. To confirm the N₂O decomposition properties and the effect of O₂ and steam on the N₂O decomposition, nitrogen, air, and air and steam were used as atmospheric gases. The catalytic decomposition tests showed that the 1% N₂O had almost completely disappeared at 700 ℃ in an N₂ atmosphere. However, air and steam decreased the conversion rate drastically. The long term stability test carried out under an N₂ atmosphere at 700 ℃ for 350 h showed that the N₂O conversion rate remained very stable, confirming no catalytic activity changes. From the results of the N₂O decomposition tests and long-term stability test, it is expected that the prepared γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst can be used to reduce N₂O emissions from several industries including the semiconductor, display, and nitric acid manufacturing industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.520-520
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• 2013

Lateral 구조를 갖는 탄소나노튜브 에미터 캐소드의 금속전극 선폭과 간격은 탄소나노튜브 에미터 밀도와 게이트에 인가되는 전계의 크기에 밀접한 관계가 있어 전계방출특성에 큰 영향을 나타내므로 조속한 상업화를 위해서는 최적화 연구가 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 금속전극의 선폭과 간격을 110/30, 80/30, 40/30과 120/20, 90/20, 20/20 ${\mu}m$로 각각 변화시켜 4.6인치 탄소나노튜브 에미터 기반 flat light lamp 개발연구를 진행하였다. 이때 사용한 금속전극은 2 mm 두께를 갖는 4.6인치 소다라임 글라스 위에 패턴 된 PR에 Ag를 sputtering하여 증착 후 PR을 lift-off하여 형성하였다. 이와 같이 형성된 금속전극은 ~1 ${\mu}m$와 12 nm의 두께와 표면단차를 각각 가지고 있었다. 형성된 금속전극 위에 유전체와 탄소나노튜브 에미터를 각각의 페이스트를 사용하여 스크린 인쇄와 소성과정을 통해 형성하였다. 이때 레이저 빔을 전극사이의 빈 공간에 조사하여 탄소나노튜브 에미터를 금속전극 위에 정밀하게 정렬하였으며 잔존하는 유기물과 유기용매를 없애기 위해 대기압 공기분위기의 $410^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 소성과정을 거친 후 접착테이프를 사용하여 잔탄 속에 있는 탄소나노튜브 에미터를 물리적 힘으로 수직하게 노출시켜 캐소드를 준비하였다. 애노드는 전계에 의해 방출된 전자의 측정과 전계방출 이미지를 얻기 위해서 P22 형광체와 Al박막이 증착된 2 mm 두께의 소다라임 글라스를 사용하였다. 캐소드와 애노드 사이의 간격은 6~10 mm로 유지하였고, 진공챔버의 기본 압력을 $5{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr 이하로 유지하였다. 캐소드와 게이트 전극에 1, 4 kHz와 3% duty를 갖는 bipolar 형태의 DC 사각펄스파를, 애노드에 ~18 kV의 DC 고전압을 각각 인가하여 평가하였으며 추후, 이렇게 제작된 다양한 선폭과 간격을 갖는 탄소나노튜브 에미터 기반 flat light lamp의 전계방출특성과 효율에 대한 비교 연구를 진행할 계획이다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.360-365
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• 1992

Ga-doped polycrystalline ZnO films on glass substrates were prepared by sputtering the targets, which had been prepared by sintering discs consisting of ZnO powder and various amounts of G$a_2O_3$, to investigate the effects of gallium doping and sputtering conditions on electrical properties. Optimizing the RF power density, argon gas pressure and gallium content, transparent Ga-doped ZnO films with resistivity less than 1$0^{-3}$ohm-cm are obtained. Electron concentration of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO films are order of $10^{18}$, $10^{21}$/c$m^2$respectively. After heat treatment in air and $N_2atmosphere, $ the resistivity of Ga-doped ZnO films increases by about two orders of magnitude. The optical transmission is above 80% in the visible range and the optical band widens as the Ga content increases.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 1999

The microstructure of ceramic composite has been found to be governed by the type and amount of the secondary phase, the sintering aid, and the sintering conditions such as sintering temperature, pressure and holing time. Moreover, tribological properties are strongly dependent on microsturcture of composite and operating conditions. In this study, silicon nitride with various amount of magnesia as a sintering aid were prepared and sintered by a hot pressing (HP) technique. Microstructure, mechanical properties (hardness, strength, and fracture toughness), and tribological properties in different environments of $Si_{3}N_{4}$ (in air, water, and paraffine oil) were investigated as a function of MgO content in $Si_{3}N_{4}$. As increasing the amount of MgO in $Si_{3}N_{4}$, the glassy phase in the grain boundaries enlarged the $\beta$-phase elongated grains, and also degraded the Hertzian contact damage resistance. Tribological behaviors in air was seemed to be determined by fracture toughness of $Si_{3}N_{4}$, and those in water and paraffin oil was seemed to be determined by hardness as well as strength. Since glassy grain-boundary phase (MgO) in $Si_{3}N_{4}$ expected to be reacted with water during sliding, such tribochemical reaction reduced wear. In paraffin oil under a higher applied load, the initial sliding dominated wear rate because of Hertzian contact damage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.8-13
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• 2018

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have recently been very influential in the generation of ultrafine dust, which is of great social interest in terms of improving the atmospheric environment. Nitrogen oxides are generated mainly by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in air in a combustion gas atmosphere of high temperature in a combustion apparatus such as thermal power generation. Recently, research has been conducted on the combustion that recirculates the exhaust gas to the cylindrical burner by using a piping using a Coanda nozzle. In this study, three types of burners were carried out through computational fluid analysis. Case 1 burner with the outlet of the combustion gas to the right, Case 2 burner with both sides as gas exit, Case 3 burner with left side gas exit. The pressure, flow, temperature, combustion reaction rate and distribution characteristics of nitrogen oxides were compared and analyzed. The combustion reaction occurred in Case 1 and Case 2 burner in the right direction with combustion gas recirculation inlet and Case 3 burner in the vicinity of mixed gas inlet. The temperature at the outlet was about $100^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the other burners as the Case 2 burner was exhausted to both sides. The NOx concentration of Case 1 burner at the exit was about 20 times larger than that of the other burners. From the present study, it could be seen that it is effective for the NOx reduction to exhaust the exhaust gas to both side gas exits or to exhaust the exhaust gas to the opposite direction of inlet of recirculation gas.