• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

We propose an intrusion detection model that detects denial-of-service(DoS) and distributed reflection denial-of-service(DRDoS) attacks, based on the empirical data of each internet of things(IoT) device by training system and network metrics that can be commonly collected from various IoT devices. First, we collect 37 system and network metrics from each IoT device considering IoT attack scenarios; further, we train them using six types of machine learning models to identify the most effective machine learning models as well as important metrics in detecting and distinguishing IoT attacks. Our experimental results show that the Random Forest model has the best performance with accuracy of over 96%, followed by the K-Nearest Neighbor model and Decision Tree model. Of the 37 metrics, we identified five types of CPU, memory, and network metrics that best imply the characteristics of the attacks in all the experimental scenarios. Furthermore, we found out that packets with higher transmission speeds than larger size packets represent the characteristics of DoS and DRDoS attacks more clearly in IoT networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.143-145
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• 2022

With the spread of the Internet around the world, devices connected to the Internet are gradually increasing. In addition, the number of distributed reflection service attacks (DrDoS), an attack that maliciously requests large responses by deceiving IPs as if the attacker was a victim, using vulnerabilities in application protocols such as DNS, NTP, and CLDAP, is increasing rapidly. It is believed that the security threat of distributed reflection service attacks will not disappear unless ISPs establish appropriate countermeasures to IP Spoofing. Therefore, this paper describes the security threat and response status of distributed reflection service attacks based on IP Spoofing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.442-444
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• 2004

서비스 거부 공격은 그 피해의 규모에 비해 방어하기가 무척 어려우며 충분히 대비를 한다 해도 알려지지 않은 새로운 서비스 거부 공격 기법에 피해를 입을 위험성이 항상 존재한다. 또한 최근 나타나고 있는 서비스 거부 공격 기법은 시스템 자원을 고갈시키는 분산 서비스 거부 공격(DDoS)에서 네트워크의 대역폭을 고갈시킴으로서 주요 네트워크 장비를 다운시키는 분산 반사 서비스 거부 공격(DRDoS)으로 진화하고 있다 이러한 공격 기법은 네트워크 트래픽의 이상 징후로서만 탐지될 뿐 개별 패킷으로는 탐지가 불가능하여 공격 징후는 알 수 있으되 자동화된 대응이 어려운 특징이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이미 알려진 공격뿐 아니라 새로운 서비스 거부 공격 패킷을 탐지하기 위하여, 패턴 분류 문제에 있어서 우수한 성능을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있는 Support Vector Machine(SVM)을 사용한 실험을 진행하였다. 테스트 결과. 학습된 공격 패킷에 대해서는 정확한 구분이 가능했으며 학습되지 않은 새로운 공격에 대해서도 탐지가 가능함을 보여주었다.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

In this study, we suggest a new mechanism on the design and implementation of IP Traceback system against DDos/DRDoS by Zombie and Reflector attack based on spoofed IP packets. After analysis and comparing on the state-of-arts of several IP traceback mechanisms, we can find their own pros and cons primitives. And then we performed simulations on reflector based DRDoS network packets. In first, we suggest a NS-2 based IP traceback module and implement it for finding its real DRDoS attacker. As a results, we can find advanced new IP traceback scheme for providing enhanced proactive functionality against DRDoS attack.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Due to the prolonged infectious disease of COVID-19 worldwide, there are various security threats due to network attacks on Internet of Things devices that are vulnerable to telecommuting. Initially, users of Internet of Things devices were exploited for vulnerabilities in Remote Desktop Protocol, spear phishing and APT attacks. Since then, the technology of network attacks has gradually evolved, exploiting the simple service discovery protocol of Internet of Things devices, and DRDoS attacks have continued to increase. Existing SSDPs are accessible to unauthorized devices on the network, resulting in problems with information disclosure and amplification attacks on SSDP servers. To compensate for the problem with the authentication procedure of existing SSDPs, we propose a hash-based SSDP that encrypts server-specific information with hash and adds authentication fields to both Notify and M-Search message packets to determine whether an authorized IoT device is present.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

With the development of information and communication technology, DDoS and DRDoS continue to become security issues, and gradually develop into advanced techniques. Recently, IT companies have been threatened with DRDoS technology, which uses protocols from normal servers to exploit as reflective servers. Reflective traffic is traffic from normal servers, making it difficult to distinguish from security equipment and amplified to a maximum of Tbps in real-life cases. In this paper, after comparing and analyzing the DNS amplification and Memcached amplification used in DRDoS attacks, a countermeasure that can reduce the effectiveness of the attack is proposed. Protocols used as reflective traffic include TCP and UDP, and NTP, DNS, and Memcached. Comparing and analyzing DNS protocols and Memcached protocols with higher response sizes of reflective traffic among the protocols used as reflective traffic, Memcached protocols amplify ±21% more than DNS protocols. The countermeasure can reduce the effectiveness of an attack by using the Memcached Protocol's memory initialization command. In future studies, various security-prone servers can be shared over security networks to predict the fundamental blocking effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.108-110
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• 2021

Since 2015, attacks using the IoT protocol have been continuously reported. Among various IoT protocols, attackers attempt DDoS attacks using SSDP(Simple Service Discovery Protocol), and as statistics of cyber shelters, Korea has about 1 million open SSDP servers. Vulnerable SSDP servers connected to the Internet can generate more than 50Gb of traffic and the risk of attack increases gradually. Until recently, distributed denial of service attacks and distributed reflective denial of service attacks have been a security issue. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the request packet of the existing SSDP protocol to identify an amplification attack and to avoid a response when an amplification attack is suspected, thereby preventing network load due to the occurrence of a large number of response packets due to the role of traffic reflection amplification.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.280-282
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• 2016

오늘날 IoT 사물기기들의 사용 범위가 늘어나면서 해커들은 IoT 기기에서 네트워크상의 서비스 및 정보검색의 기능을 하는 프로토콜인 SSDP의 취약점을 악용하여 SSDP DRDoS(분산 반사 서비스 거부) 공격이라는 새로운 형태의 공격을 만들어 공격을 시도하고 있다. 이는 단순히 우리 생활에서 쓰이는 IoT 기기의 위협뿐만 아니라 사람의 생명이나 주요 기반시설 등에서 사용되어지는 IoT기기들의 공격으로 이어지면 큰 위험을 나타낼 수 있다. 앞으로 IoT기기들이 점차 증가되어 생활에 편리함과 실용성을 가지고 오는 반면에 해커들은 더욱더 교묘하고 복잡하게 공격을 시도를 할 것이다. 특히 본 논문에서는 DRDoS의 몇 가지 공격방법을 알아보고 그중에 IoT 기기에서 사용되어지는 SSDP프로토콜의 관련연구 및 공격방법들을 알아보고 공격시나리오 및 대응방안을 제안한다.