• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2002

몇 개 농업관련 시험장에서 북한 벼 품종의 출수반응을 관찰한 결과 북한에서 조생종으로 분류된 품종들은 온도에 민감한 반응을 보여 기준품종인 남한의 오대벼에 비해 출수가 빨랐고, 중생종은 그보다 출수가 늦어 전체적으로 남한 품종의 조만성과 유사하였다 (양 등, 2000). 또한 유전자 분석을 통해 북한품종 및 계통 101개를 남한품종과 비교해 본 결과 40% 유사도 수준에서 남한 품종과 같이 통일형과 자포니까형으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 자포니카형 품종들간 유사도는 80%에 달했다.(정 등, 2001)(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.463-466
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• 2006

북한의 개방을 가속화 시키고, 개방경제 체제로 나가도록 지원하기 위하여는 무엇보다도 해운 항만의 개방이 북한의 대외 개방전략에서 우선되어야 한다고 보여진다. 이를 위해서는 안전한 해상수송로 확보가 우선되어야 하므로 북한의 해운 및 항만의 실태를 살펴보고 안전한 항행여건의 조성을 위한 항로표지를 설치할 수 있는 남북한 협력체계를 구축을 위한 방안을 제안 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.122-127
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• 2015

하천을 간단히 정의하면 물이 흐르는 길이라 할 수 있다. 현대사회에서 물은 생존권과 직결되는 중요한 경제적 자원이다. 하천이 물이고 물이 곧 하천이다 보니 국가 간 한정된 자원을 이용하기 위한 경쟁이 뜨겁다. 국제규범에 따라 공평한 물 배분이 실현되는 경우도 있지만 많은 국제하천이 국가 간 갈등의 중심에 있는 경우가 다반사다. 남북공유하천도 정치적, 군사적 대립관계를 고려할 때 갈등이 커질 수밖에 없다. 현재 임진강, 북한강 등 남북공유하천 전 구간에 걸쳐 많은 수리시설물이 건설되어 이용되고 있으며, 상류 국간인 북한의 유역변경 및 일방적인 방류에 대하여 하류국가인 남한이 그 피해를 고스란히 받고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 남북공유하천의 과거 및 현재의 갈등 사례를 검토하고 물을 둘러싼 주요 이슈 및 쟁점에 대하여 검토하여 남?북한 모두가 win-win 할 수 있는 납북협력 방안대하여 검토하고자 한다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

This study analyses how much Korean visits to North Korea have an impact on the North Korean regional economy. It estimates the demand for North Korean tourism via the borders of North Korea, China, and Russia and South Korean expenses to be spent in North Korea. When asked if they are willing to visit North Korea within the next five years in case the pre-conditions of the visit to North Korea are satisfied, approximately 64.1% of the survey respondents indicated 'yes'. To estimate the demand, this research employed the analysis of purchase intention, popular in marketing, based on their willingness to visit. The annual demand for tourism was 4,136,361 persons. The average estimated expense per person is KRW 1,532,000 and the total annual expense is KRW 6,336.9 billion. Assuming that airfare is excluded from the total expense and the expense is made evenly in each tourist destination, the estimated amount to be spent in North Korea is KRW 2,838.7 billion per annum. The backward linkage effect of this expense on the North Korean regional economy is KRW 7,972.1 billion in total production inducement, KRW 2,619.4 billion in value-added inducement, and approximately 2,890,443 persons in employment inducement. The value-added inducement effect is estimated to be approximately 7.6% of the North Korean nominal GDP in 2020. South Korean tourism is expected to have a significant impact on the North Korean economy. As the demand for North Korean tourism is likely to increase steadily due to the expected increase in overseas travel demand by Koreans, inter-Korean cooperation is needed for the development of North Korean tourism infrastructure if conditions improve.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2017

As a part of several Eurasian initiatives, the Korean government is trying to reconnect railways through North Korea to the Asian continent. If South Korea could build a network using railway, it would be a chance to develop a robust economic environment and to motivate economic growth. In the railway reconnection project between North and South Korea, the most important part of the railway roadbed sector is repair or improvement, and then construction of a new line through North Korea. There are not many big differences in the geological conditions; however, climate condition varies greatly during winter. The most significant condition in the safety of railway operation is frost-heaving. However, since South Korea has a relatively mild climate condition compared with North Korea, design and construction specifications under severe weather conditions in winter have not been prepared. This study proposes a plan for revising the railway design standard for underpass structures through an analysis of international standards, leading to site construction to prevent frost-heave.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.491-498
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• 2013

Preliminary feasibility of REDD mechanism to combat forest degradation in North Korea is reviewed as a means of cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. North Korea has not established a national REDD+ strategy and a forest monitoring system which are required to implement REDD+ under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Credible statistical data of forest resources is a necessary condition for implementing REDD mechanism in the developing countries. However, other than forest area data using satellite images, statistical data of forest resources of North Korea are mostly estimated based on simple hypothesis rather than transparent and robust results from national forest inventory. The review of statistical data of forest resources of North Korea shows that North Korea is in a pre-stage of REDD readiness. The study suggests that following research and cooperation agendas should be considered to implement REDD mechanism in North Korea: 1) detecting land use change since 2000, measuring carbon stock change, and identifying causes of deforestation and forest degradation; and 2) establishing a national REDD+ strategy' and a national forest inventory system in North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2003

The goal of this paper is to explore and compare the situations of North Korean and Chinese labor forces in the Russian Far East (RFE). First of all, the past and present pictures of North Korean and Chinese labor forces were reviewed, and then local Russinans' views about those foreign workers were analyzed in terms of political, economic, socio-psychological and public order aspects. As a result, it turned out that both North Korean and Chinese workers were regarded as useful to the RFE from economic viewpoint, but not as beneficial to local Russians in terms of maintenance of public order. According to the political and socio-psychological views of local Russians, North Korean labor forces were much more preferable to their Chinese counterparts. This paper implies that participation of South Korea in the development of RFE via North Korea workers is significant in that local Russians are very afraid of flooding Chinese workers there.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-123
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• 2021

In this study, we present a methodology and model to estimate land prices and the value of land assets in North Korea in the absence of any data about land characteristics from North Korean authorities. Using this framework, we experimentally make market price-based estimates for land assets across the entire urban area of North Korea. First, we estimate the determinants of land prices in South Korea using data on market prices of land from the late 1970s, when it was estimated that the income level gap between South Korea and North Korea wasn't relatively large, and from the early 1980s, when urbanization levels in both of them were similar. Second, we calculate land prices and their relative ratios for each city and urban area in North Korea around 2015 by substituting proxy variables of determinants of land prices derived through a geographic information analysis of North Korea into the function of land prices that we have already estimated. Finally, we estimate the value of land assets in urban areas across North Korea by combining the ratio of housing transaction prices surveyed in several cities in North Korea with the relative prices estimated in this research. As a result, land prices in urban areas in North Korea, looking at the relative ratio of price by city, are estimated to be the highest, at 100.00, in Tongdaewon district of Pyongyang, and to be the lowest, at 1.70, in Phungso county, Ryanggang Province. Meanwhile, the value of land assets in urbanized areas was estimated at $21.6 billion in 2015, which was 1.2 to 1.3 times the GDP of North Korea that year. This ratio is similar to South Korea's in the 1978-1980 period, when the South Korean economy grew at an average rate of 6%. Considering North Korea's growth rate of about 1% in the 2013-2014 period, its ratio of land assets to GDP appears very high.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-96
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• 2017

This study speculates on responses to the nuclear threats of North Korea and mutual assistance and cooperation between South Korea, the U.S. and China for the unification of the Korean Peninsula. As for the North Koreas nuclear issue and unification of the Korean Peninsula, South Korea is the subject of national division, the U.S. is a responsible country in international issues and does not have diplomatic ties with North Korea. China is a traditional socialist nation and a supporter of North Korea. As North Korea's strategic weapons including nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles are international issues, to defend against Kim Jung-Eun's unexpected acts, the three countries should actively cooperate with each other and develop countermeasures. However, with respect to the road map of the North Koreas issue, there are subtle differences between the U.S. and China in recognition of and sanctions against North Korea as a resolution of the U..N. Security Council. The U.S. has continued a deterrence policy and sanctions against North Korea based on joint threats between South Korea and the U.S. while China has showed a negative position in the process of solving the North Korean nuclear issue because of the unstable security derived from the U.S. 's intervention in the Korean peninsula. North Korea should change its diplomatic policy in a more concrete way towards world peace although it has continued trade of strategic weapons with Middle Eastern countries to maintain its political system. For example, to restart the summit talks and open multilateral security channels. Although the issue of unification of the Korean peninsula should be resolved by South and North Korea themselves, it is strange that South and North Korea depend on the logic of powerful countries for the resolution of a national problem. As for North Koreas nuclear and the Unification issues, peaceful solutions presented by South Korea seem more persuasive than the solution presented by North Korea which did not secure any international support. However, South Korea, the U.S. and China need to develop uni-directional two-tract strategies for sanctions against North Korea and talks with North Korea for peace on the Korean peninsula, and should continue to support the economic independence of North Korea.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-189
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• 1992

The most difficult problem one faces in estimating North Korea's GNP is the lack of basic national income data. In addition, there is no appropriate foreign exchange rate available to convert North Korea's GNP to dollar values. The physical indicators method is particularly useful in estimating North Korean GNP because it requires only a modest amount of data and obtains dollar GNP directly by applying a relationship between physical indicators and GNP, which is estimated from reference countries, to physical indicators of North Korea. The estimated result of North Korean GNP in 1990 is 27.1 billion dollars and per capita GNP 1,268 dollars. The trade participation ratio (Trade/GNP) implied by the GNP estimate was plausible and so was the ratio of fiscal expenditure to GNP. This paper examined the physical indicators method's logic, the quality of the North Korean data that was used in the estimation, and the plausibility of estimation result. Relatively simple data requirement, comparative ease of computation and plausible estimation results suggest that use of physical indicators method could enhance the reliability of North Korean GNP estimate.