Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2013.102.4.491

A Preliminary Review of REDD Mechanism for Rehabilitating Forest Degradation of North Korea  

Bae, Jae Soo (Center for Forest and Climate Change, Korea Forest Research Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.102, no.4, 2013 , pp. 491-498 More about this Journal
Abstract
Preliminary feasibility of REDD mechanism to combat forest degradation in North Korea is reviewed as a means of cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. North Korea has not established a national REDD+ strategy and a forest monitoring system which are required to implement REDD+ under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Credible statistical data of forest resources is a necessary condition for implementing REDD mechanism in the developing countries. However, other than forest area data using satellite images, statistical data of forest resources of North Korea are mostly estimated based on simple hypothesis rather than transparent and robust results from national forest inventory. The review of statistical data of forest resources of North Korea shows that North Korea is in a pre-stage of REDD readiness. The study suggests that following research and cooperation agendas should be considered to implement REDD mechanism in North Korea: 1) detecting land use change since 2000, measuring carbon stock change, and identifying causes of deforestation and forest degradation; and 2) establishing a national REDD+ strategy' and a national forest inventory system in North Korea.
Keywords
North Korea; REDD; national REDD+ strategy; forest transition;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Agrawal, A., Nepstad, D. and Chhatre, A. 2011. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Annual Review of Environmental Resources. 2011.36: 373-396.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Bae, J.S. 1997. A study on the Chosun forest policy during the rule of Imperialist Japan: With an emphasis on the national forest policy. Seoul National University Ph.D. Dissertation. pp.281.
3 Bae, J.S. 2012. Development of criteria for evaluating Indonesia's REDD+ strategy. Journal of Korean Forest Society 101(4): 606-612.
4 Bae, J.S. 2013. Indonesia's REDD+ national strategy between ideal and reality. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(2): 189-197.
5 Bae, J.S. and Bae, K.K. 2009. Assessment of the potential carbon credit from reducing emissions from deforestation and enhancement of forest carbon stock activities in developing countries. Journal of Korean Forest Society 98(3): 263-271.
6 Bae, J.S., Joo., R.W. and Kim, Y-S. 2012. Forest transition in South Korea: Reality, path and drivers. Land Use Policy 29: 198-207.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Bae, J.S., Jung, B.H, Joo, R.W., Park., K.S., Lim, J.H., Han., S.H. and Min, K.S. 2009. A guidebook for afforestation and reforestation CDM. Korea Forest Research Institute Research Report 09-30. pp. 380.
8 Bae, J.S., Kim, Y.H. and Han, K.J. 2013. Trends of forest carbon market and new opportunities for forest management. Agriculture Prospect 2013(I). pp. 523-557.
9 Diaz, D., Hamilton K. and Johnson, E. 2012. State of the Forest Carbon Markets 2011. Ecosystem Marketpalce. pp. 70.
10 DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea). 2000. DPRK's First National Communication under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. DPRK. pp.68.
11 DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea). 2002. National Report to the Third Session of the United Nations Forum on Forests. Ministry of Land and Environment Protection, DPRK.
12 FAO (Food and Agriculture of the United Nations). 2010. Country Report: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Global Forest Resouces Assessment 2010. Rome, Italy. pp.37.
13 Germanwatch. 2008. The Climate Change Performance Index: A comparison of emissions trends and climate protection policies of the top 56 CO2 emitting nations. pp.19.
14 IETA (International Emissions Trading Association). 2012 (7th Edition), GHG Market Sentiment Survey. pp. 22.
15 Government of the Kingdom of Norway (Norway) and Government of the Republic of Indonesia (ROI). 2010. Letter of Intent (LOI): Cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Oslo, Norway.
16 Han, K.J. 2005. An economic analysis of forest sink CDM in North Korea. Unpublished Master thesis, Seoul National University. Seoul, Republic of Korea(ROK). pp. 97.
17 Harmeling, S. and Eckstein, D. 2013. Global Climate Risk Index 2013: Who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2011 and 1992 to 2011. Germanwatch Briefing Paper. pp. 27.
18 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2003. In Perman, J. et al., (eds.). Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. IGES, Kanagawa, Japan.
19 JGGI (Japanese Government-General of Joseon). Various years (1927-1943), Statistical Yearbook of the Government General of Joseon. JGGJ, Seoul (in Japanese).
20 Jo, J.H., Koo, J.C. and Youn, Y.C. 2011. Economic feasibility of REDD project for preventing deforestation in North Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society 100(4): 630-638.
21 KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute). 1999. Forest degradation detection of North Korea using satellite image data. Annual report of KFRI (Forest resources 5-III). pp. 303-311.
22 KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute). 2008, A study on forest degradation detection of North Korea and suitable site selection of afforestation and reforestation CDM in Gyeseong area using satellite image data. Annual special report of KFRI. Special report of KFRI. pp. 50.
23 Kossoy, A. and Guigon, P. 2012. State and trends of the carbon market 2012. Carbon Finance, World Bank. Washington, USA. pp. 133.
24 KFS (Korea Forest Service). 2013. Development of Greenhouse Gas Inventory System in forest sector for Post-2012 Climate Regime. Special Paper of Korea Forest Service. pp. 352.
25 Korea Forest Service (KFS). 2009. Improvement options for forest cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. pp. 78.
26 Kim, U.K. 1997. Agriculture and forestry of North Korea. Ministry of Information. pp. 181.
27 Lee, K-S., Jung, M-R. and Yoon, J-S. 1999. Content and characteristics of forest cover changes in North Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society 88(3): 352-363.
28 Lee, S.H., Chung, S.H. and Song, J.H. 1998. Forest resources of North Korea using satellite remote sensing data. Journal of Forest Science of KFRI 58: 1-13.
29 Ministry of Government Legislation. 2013. Act of the Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits.
30 Oh, Y-C. 2007. A study on the UNFCCC forestry mechanism in North Korea. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University. Seoul, ROK. pp. 162.
31 Oh, Y-C. 2012. A study on A/R CDM application for the forestation and deforested land in North Korea. Unpublished Master thesis, Seoul National University. Seoul, ROK. pp. 79.
32 Park, C. and Yu, J. 2009. Forest degradation detection of North Korea using remote sensing. Collection of environmental papers 48: 3-24.
33 Park, K.S., Lee, S.Y. and Park, S.Y. 2011. A study on the basic directions for forest rehabilitation programs considering to economic and social conditions of North Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society 100(3): 423-431.
34 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2005. Decision 16/CMP.1 on Land use, land-use change and forestry.
35 Peters-Stanley, M., Hamilton, K. and Yin, D. 2012. State of Forest Carbon Markets 2012. Ecosystem Marketplace. pp.86.
36 UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 2003. DPR Korea: State of the Environment 2003. Thailand. pp. 65.
37 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2007. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries: approaches to stimulate action. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1, pp. 8-11.
38 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2010. Decision 1/CP.16, The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1).
39 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2011. Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention.
40 Verified Carbon Standard. http://v-c-s.org/
41 Yoo, S.J., Lee, W.K., Lee, S.H., Kim, E.S. and Lee, J.Y. 2011. Approach for suitable site selection and analysis for reforestation CDM using satellite image and spatial data in North Korea. Korean Society for Geospatial Information System 19(3): 3-11.   과학기술학회마을
42 Yu, J., Park, C. and Lee, S. 2011. Level 3 type land use cover (LULC) characteristics based on phenological phases of North Korea. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 27(4): 457-466.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn