• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.507-528
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• 2009

Coping and defense are similar psychological mechanisms to reduce stress response, but they are regarded as distinct from each other. Defense involved distortions of reality, but coping was used for strategies associated with accepting the true nature of the situation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the coping and defense features of the North Korean Defectors in the Rorschach test. The subjects were then categorized into four groups based on their birth place and gender: Male North Korean defectors( N=16), female North Korean defectors(N=28), male South Koreans(N=17), and female South Koreans(N=25). All subjects were individually administered the Rorschach test, and protocols were scored according to the Exner(2003)'s Rorschach Comprehensive systems. Coping or defense-related Rorschach variables were selected for analysis: EA, CDI, Adj D, EB style, Lamda, Zd, X-%, Xu%, W:Dd:D, P, reaction time, and other behavior characteristics during the testing. Compared with other groups, female North Korean defectors were more likely to show poor coping resources(low EA), adjustment difficulties(Adj D), and distortions of reality(high X-%). They also demonstrated more 'don't know' responses and more delayed responses than other groups. These findings suggest that poor coping resources make female North Korean defectors more vulnerable to stress, and psychological intervention such as social skills training may help them settle successfully in south Korea. Limitations of the current study and implications for future research were discussed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2017

Through the evolutionary process of the North Korean defector support policies, this research investigates the background behind the formation of non-profit organizations for the North Korean defectors and to identify and understand the problem through their characteristics and functions. Starting from 1990, with an increase in the North Korean Defectors' population as well as the introduction of multicultural society, various environmental factors, such as the domestic socio-environmental changes, resulted an increase in number of private organizations. However, not to mention the size and functions of the organizations, some do not even have required legal organizational structures in place. Their business activities, in some cases, are irrelevant to the original purpose and objectives. Moreover, the fact that 83% of the North Korean Defectors Organizations are based in Seoul while 25.5% of the North Korean Defector residing in Seoul, inevitably make the reputation of the organizations to be illegal and dishonest due to the excessive level of competitions among the similar types of organizations. In reality, the organizations show lack of growth in the areas such as securing necessary employments to the Defectors or providing educations to the youth, who will eventually become the future leaders, in building the awareness capacity toward the unification. These results show that, in conducting their activities, the organizations must be aware of the rights and responsibilities as the constituents of the society, plus the government's practical efforts in improving these issues are also necessary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.204-211
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• 2015

This study made fundamental approaches on the significance of social enterprises on minority protection policies. In particular, it offered discussions focused on the relationship between social enterprises and North Korean defectors which greatly affect minority policies. Study results can be summed up as follows. First, the greatest difficulties for North Korean defectors in their adjustment to Korean society are economic activities and a sense of social differences and social enterprises are a policy which can resolve these problems in the most effective way. Second, existing social enterprises were excessively run by the central government and they were support models which lacked creativity and development. To resolve such problems, a lesson was learned that these must change into policy models with local coproduction. Third, a lesson was learned that social enterprises offer more than simple economic activity, offering the proper functions of society, culture, living, and language, and thus the participation of North Korean defectors in social enterprises should be made mandatory in certain sectors. Such research results will contribute to theoretically explaining the relationship between North Korean defectors and social enterprises as minority policies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-74
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• 2016

There are increasing numbers of North Korean defectors. Many of them enter universities and major in social welfare in order to get jobs. As a required course, they must participate in field practicum and many difficulties are expected. This study aims to examine the North Korean defectors' practicum experience in specific, and to support more effectively in the field work education. To achieve this purpose, female North Korean defectors who go to G cyber university and have finished their field practicums, were interviewed in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed with the open coding through the constant comparison method as Grounded theory's initial analysis. As the result, the following was found: 49 concepts, 18 sub-categories, and 7 categories. The categories include difficulties in the process of preparation for and beginning with various obstacles; confusion due to the differences between the North Korean and South Korean culture; tasks and functions that were not expected, personal relationships which were burdensome to them; feeling a lack of professional competence; inevitable environmental circumstances, and personal problems. Based on the results, suggestions for better support in field practice education in the side of universities, community agencies, individual students and the general society were addressed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

This paper aims to analyze how the Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health, and to provide proposals for policy making on the issue. For the purpose, we specifically suggest analysis of activation plan that 48 Venture Business North Korean managed Enterprise types, Entrepreneur type, Business type, Gender, Profit etc. As a result of analysis of actual proof, First, The Venture Business North Korean refugees managed need to consult to be technology business professionally because they features to be self-employment than expertise and knowledge basis type. Second, the rate of success of North Korean refugees is researched that female is higher than male. Third, to support Venture Business of North Korean refugees, they need one on one incubating support syspen why they are inexperienced in network, technical skills. Fourth, Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health. Since mid 1990's, North Korean refugees have come to South Korea through China or third countries due to collapsing economy of North Korea. In an effort to help those escaping from North Korea, the Seoul government provided them with a 3-month settlement program. But they have had experienced difficulties in communication, cultural assimilation, and confusion in their value system and identity. For the purpose, one-on-one interview was carried out on 45 North Korean refugees living in Seoul and neighboring cities, and the interviewed group was classified into three categories: single households, single-parent families and families with parents. The study findings demonstrated four policy alternatives to help improve quality of life of North Korean refugees and to help their successful settlemen.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.121-149
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• 2006

In recent days North Korean refugees. who hope to move into and settle in South Korea, have been rapidly increasing. However their adaptation to South Korea is reported to have not been so much successful as they expected. Considering such situations, this study attempts to investigate their information needs and behavior. North Korean refugees have various and strong information needs for settlement and daily life. The strongest were information needs related to economic Problem, specifically job and business related information needs. It was followed by information needs related to social welfare, health and security child care and education, and North Korean situation In order to meet their information needs. North Korean refugees were heavily dependent on informal interpersonal information sources such as their family members. friends. and their own neighborhoods. as compared to such formal interpersonal information sources as Public officers. social welfare agents, and NGOs members. Meanwhile. their usage of mass media such as TV. newspapers, and internet as information sources was also heavy However the overall information environment surrounding them appeared to be relatively inferior to that of average South Koreans.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.291-308
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing financial preparedness for retirement of the middle-aged North Korean defectors (resettling in South Korea) using concepts of 'financial literacy' and 'financial inclusion'. Those questioned were 100 North Korean defectors of 40-60 years-old residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province selected by convenience sampling, one of the non-probability sampling. Path analysis is used as a main analysis method. The results of the study show a direct effect in which increased financial literacy resulted in better financial preparedness for retirement among middle-aged North Korean defectors at a statistically significant level. In addition, by boost-trapping method, financial inclusion has its mediating effect on the relationship between financial literacy and financial preparedness for retirement. However, this study shows that influence of financial literacy on financial preparedness for retirement is different across economic statues. The mediating effect of financial inclusion on the relationship between financial literacy and financial preparedness is statistically significant only for the low-income group. Meanwhile, for the above average income group, financial literacy has a direct effect on the financial preparedness after retirement at a statistically significant level. Based on these results, this study suggests practical and policy implementation such as necessity of customized financial education suited to their economic status, development of financial instruments for retirement, introduction of financial social workers to prepare stable old age of North Korean defectors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.63-70
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• 2020

This study examines whether citizen's satisfaction with police response to their victimization has an effect on the trust in the police. The data (N = 214) were collected from the North Koreans refugees residing in South Korea. One key finding shows that the North Koreans who were dissatisfied with policemen's response to their crime victimization cases report lower trust in the South Korean police. Also, the people who had ever reported a crime to the police increase their trust in the police. However, sex, education experience, car ownership, household victimization preventive measures, crime trends decrease their trust in the police. The implications and limitations were discussed for the future research.

• KDI북한경제리뷰
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.3-28
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• 2019

사회적기업, 협동조합, 소셜벤처 등 사회적경제의 부상으로 이들이 전체 경제에서 차지하는 비중이 커지고 있어 북한, 통일 관련 연구에서도 접목이 필요하다. 사회적경제는 북한·통일 문제와 어떤 연관이 있는지에 대해 통일정책과 통일 역량 강화의 측면에서 나누어 고찰했다. 전자에 포괄되는 주제로는 통일국가의 미래상, 북한경제의 유사성 및 변화가 있다. 후자와 관련되는 주제로는 남북교류협력, 북한이탈주민정책, 통일교육에 대한 함의를 다뤘다. 통일국가의 미래상과 관련하여 사회적경제는 통일경제의 부작용에 대한 완충기제로 작동할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 사회적경제는 자본주의의 발전에 따라 제기되는 사회적 문제를 해결하고자 하는 보완적 성격의 경제활동으로 이해된다. 따라서 향후 자유시장경제 방식의 통일이 진행되는 경우, 남한 자본주의의 문제점이 전 한반도로 확산되는 부작용에 대한 대안적 해결방안으로 작동할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 사회적경제가 북한경제, 나아가 사회주의 경제와 유사성이 있는지에 대해서는 논란이 있다. 향후 이에 대한 연구 성과에 따라 북한경제의 변화를 추동하는 동력으로서 사회적경제의 영향력을 가늠할 수 있을 것이다. 남북교류협력과 관련해서는 우선, 교류협력이 재개되는 경우 사회적경제기업의 참여를 어떻게 추동하고 지원할 것인지에 대한 대안을 내놓을 필요가 있다. 일반 기업 또한 사회적경제 관점을 활용해 북한 진출에 나설 수 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있고, 이 때 중요한 사회적경제의 키워드는 BOP 시장이다. 사회적경제는 북한이탈주민을 취약계층으로 자리매김하고 있는데, 향후에는 적극적으로 사회적경제의 창업의 주체로 육성할 필요성이 있다는 점도 제기하였다. 통일교육과 관련해서는 대상, 주체, 내용과 관련한 시론적 차원의 접근을 정리하였다. 사회적경제의 부상이 북한학 연구에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 더 많은 새로운 상상력의 발휘가 요구된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.649-657
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of college life in North Korean defectors attending nursing school in South Korea, through a qualitative study method. Between September and October 2017, 8 nursing students of North Korean defectors background who can fully describe their college life were recruited for in-depth interview. Using Colaizzi's phenomenological method of data analysis, 4 theme clusters and 5 subcategories were deduced. The results showed that participants had experienced difficulties in preparing for college admission. Moreover, they had experienced difficulties from differences between North and South Korea, especially regarding verbal language (accent), educational and assessment methods, and culture. Therefore, the establishment and application of an assistant program for nursing students of North Korean defectors background is essential to assist students in adapting to a new college lifestyle and completing their degree.