• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.185-195
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• 2021

본 연구는 북한이탈주민의 경제적 자립과 안정적인 정착을 지원하는 하나의 방안으로서 창업을 촉진하기 위한 지원 정책과 제도 개선 방안을 제시할 목적으로 수행하였다. 정부는 현재 생활밀착형 북한이탈주민 정책 추진 기조하에 북한이탈주민의 삶의 질을 높여주는 방향으로 맞춤형 정책을 추진하고 있다. 다만, 창업지원 프로그램은 여전히 소규모로서 지원 분야를 다양화하고 예산을 증액 하는 한편, 지원 체계도 중앙-지방-민간 간 유기적으로 협업이 효율적으로 이루어지도록 개선이 필요하다. 본 연구는 북한이탈주민의 창업의지 결정요인에 대한 실증적 연구를 목적으로 하며, 북한이탈주민들에게 잔존하는 사회주의 가치체계와 이들의 사회적응성 요인을 기존 연구에서 확인되었던 개인의 성격적 특성, 경제적 지지, 자아성취욕구 요인들과 함께 분석모형에 포함하여 실증 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 하나원에서 교육 중인 18세 이상 북한이탈주민 223명을 대상으로 2019년 10월 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 선형회귀분석과 이분형 로지스틱 모형분석을 이용하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 2개의 분석 모형에서 일관된 결과가 도출됨에 따라 분석결과의 강건성을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 사회주의 가치체계가 약할수록 창업의지에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠것이라는 가설은 지지되었다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.118-122
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• 2016

북한이탈주민의 입국자가 곧 3만 명에 육박할 것이다. 이로 말미암아 북한이탈주민에 대한 한국사회에서의 안정된 정착이 큰 문제로 대두되고 있기에, 그 문제들을 해결하고자 창업교육을 실시하여 북한이탈주민의 경제적 고립을 막고, 한국사회에서 올바른 진로를 선택하여 미래 통일 역군을 만들고자 한다. 본 논문은 창업교육 전, 후 창업동기 및 의지, 기업가정신, 진로장벽, 진로성숙도, 진로미결정 요인을 분석하여 창업교육에 대한 효과성을 강조하고자 한다. 아울러 장지적으로는 국내 입국 후 북한이탈주민들이 느끼는 심리를 분석하여 그들이 진정으로 원하는 진로와 정부지원정책을 도출해 내고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.295-305
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• 2021

This paper attempted to explore the basic concept of a website for start-up supports angled towards North Korean defector entrepreneurs. The position of this study was made clear by reviewing the existing literature, and the case study was carried out to make sure the results are essential to create the services vital for the North Korean defector's entrepreneurial ecosystem. Focusing on the fact that there is not yet a website for supporting North Korean defectors' start-up in Korea, an early version named "Prometheus" was designed. A revised version called "Pathfinder" followed with improvements. This study conducted academic and practical experiments by directly designing and implementing a medium that can boost the development of the start-up ecosystem of North Korean defectors based on the insights provided by North Korean (future)business owners and South Koreans interested in the start-up ecosystem of North Korean defectors. Taking this study as an opportunity both the research to further clarify the "start-up of North Korean defectors," a very special phenomenon that exist in Korea, and the research for practical contribution should be encouraged in various ways. These efforts will not only help North Korean defectors start-up businesses, and also play a role in boosting a sense of coexistence and cooperation within North Korean defectors community.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2022

North Korean defectors are experiencing economic hardship due to the prolonged COVID-19 outbreak. In order to solve this problem, interest in starting a business is increasing. This study targeted the current and previous government, and discovered major topics through text mining of news data on North Korean defector starting a business to examine the start-up support policies according to the keynote of the present regime. Additionally, key factors for successful start-ups were derived through interviews with North Korean defectors who have done them. As a result of the analysis, it is necessary to focus on women and the youth, and to actively expand specialized entrepreneurship education and financial support for North Korean defectors. In addition, it was confirmed that there is a need for a practical and continuous entrepreneurship education program.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

The financial difficulties which North Korean refugees encounter during the process of transition into South Korean society is due to their low income and insufficient expertise. Hence this research was conducted for the purpose of improving the policy and system to support North Korean refugees' starting of businesses. As a result, the self-efficacy, which is one of the individual characteristics, influences the motivation for starting business. In addition, it has been revealed that the motives and education on starting business also influence the motivation for starting business. By observing regulation effect of social adaptation, it has been found out that the interaction between the personal characteristics such as risk-taking attribute and the previous experience of starting business, along with interaction effect on social adaptation and motives and social adaptation, is statically influencing as well. On the basis of results, to efficiently support North Korean refugees' starting business, it is necessary to conduct education on starting business to boost their self-efficacy and the support must be executed based on their levels of motives, risk-taking attribute and social adaptation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship of related variables in order to promote entrepreneurship, which is one way to support the economic independence and stable settlement of North Korean defectors. This study is firstly to examine the influence of individualism and collectivism on entrepreneurial intentions, and secondly, to examine the mediating effect of social adaptability in the relationship between socialist value system and entrepreneurial intention. To this end, a survey was conducted on North Korean defectors, and the empirical analysis target was 223 North Korean defectors. For the verification of the causal relationship between personal disposition and entrepreneurial intention, and the causal relationship between value system and entrepreneurial intention PLS was used. And PROCESS for SPSS Macro was used to verify the mediating effect of social adaptation in the relationship between the value system and entrepreneurial intention. Looking at the results of the empirical analysis, the extraversion factor was found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention level of North Korean defectors, and the self-fulfillment desire factor was found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. It was also found that individualist values have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of North Korean defectors, and collectivist values do not have a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions. As a result of examining the mediating effect of social adaptability between individualism/collectivism and entrepreneurial intention in this study, it was found that individualist value has a direct impact on entrepreneurial intention without engaging social adaptability.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

This paper aims to analyze how the Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health, and to provide proposals for policy making on the issue. For the purpose, we specifically suggest analysis of activation plan that 48 Venture Business North Korean managed Enterprise types, Entrepreneur type, Business type, Gender, Profit etc. As a result of analysis of actual proof, First, The Venture Business North Korean refugees managed need to consult to be technology business professionally because they features to be self-employment than expertise and knowledge basis type. Second, the rate of success of North Korean refugees is researched that female is higher than male. Third, to support Venture Business of North Korean refugees, they need one on one incubating support syspen why they are inexperienced in network, technical skills. Fourth, Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health. Since mid 1990's, North Korean refugees have come to South Korea through China or third countries due to collapsing economy of North Korea. In an effort to help those escaping from North Korea, the Seoul government provided them with a 3-month settlement program. But they have had experienced difficulties in communication, cultural assimilation, and confusion in their value system and identity. For the purpose, one-on-one interview was carried out on 45 North Korean refugees living in Seoul and neighboring cities, and the interviewed group was classified into three categories: single households, single-parent families and families with parents. The study findings demonstrated four policy alternatives to help improve quality of life of North Korean refugees and to help their successful settlemen.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-206
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• 2020

Although several studies have been conducted on unification and the life of North Korean refugees, there have been few studies comparing the characteristics of North Korean refugees with South Korean workers, in terms of human resources in business administration. By considering the limitations of these prior studies, this study analyzed whether there are differences in factors affecting organizational commitment and turnover intention through a group comparative analysis between North Korean refugees and South Korean workers. For a comparative analysis between the two groups, we recruited 145 workers from North Korea and 213 South Korea-born workers. We found the following results with a multi-group structural equation model. We confirmed the measurement homogeneity by ensuring that both groups were equally aware of the measurement tools affecting organizational commitment and turnover intentions. As a result of testing the homogeneity of measurement, we also confirmed that there was a significant difference in optimism between the two groups; optimism affects organizational commitment and among social supports, affectionate support and interaction support affect organizational commitment. Analyzing the path between the two groups, we first were able to find that optimism influenced organizational commitment for both groups, in relation to positive psychological capital. However, in terms of degree, South Korean workers were found to be strongly affected. Second, with regard to social support, we were not able to find that affectionate support and interaction support have a significant impact on organizational commitment for South Korean workers, while for North Korean refugees, we confirmed that both supports have a significant impact. Third, we were unable to find any differences between the two group, in terms of other sub-components of positive psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, and resiliency) or the sub-components of social support (informational support, tangible support). These results suggest that companies or managers employing North Korean refugee workers need to create an organizational environment that allows them to perceive social support, especially affectionate support and interaction support.

• KDI북한경제리뷰
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.3-28
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• 2019

사회적기업, 협동조합, 소셜벤처 등 사회적경제의 부상으로 이들이 전체 경제에서 차지하는 비중이 커지고 있어 북한, 통일 관련 연구에서도 접목이 필요하다. 사회적경제는 북한·통일 문제와 어떤 연관이 있는지에 대해 통일정책과 통일 역량 강화의 측면에서 나누어 고찰했다. 전자에 포괄되는 주제로는 통일국가의 미래상, 북한경제의 유사성 및 변화가 있다. 후자와 관련되는 주제로는 남북교류협력, 북한이탈주민정책, 통일교육에 대한 함의를 다뤘다. 통일국가의 미래상과 관련하여 사회적경제는 통일경제의 부작용에 대한 완충기제로 작동할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 사회적경제는 자본주의의 발전에 따라 제기되는 사회적 문제를 해결하고자 하는 보완적 성격의 경제활동으로 이해된다. 따라서 향후 자유시장경제 방식의 통일이 진행되는 경우, 남한 자본주의의 문제점이 전 한반도로 확산되는 부작용에 대한 대안적 해결방안으로 작동할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 사회적경제가 북한경제, 나아가 사회주의 경제와 유사성이 있는지에 대해서는 논란이 있다. 향후 이에 대한 연구 성과에 따라 북한경제의 변화를 추동하는 동력으로서 사회적경제의 영향력을 가늠할 수 있을 것이다. 남북교류협력과 관련해서는 우선, 교류협력이 재개되는 경우 사회적경제기업의 참여를 어떻게 추동하고 지원할 것인지에 대한 대안을 내놓을 필요가 있다. 일반 기업 또한 사회적경제 관점을 활용해 북한 진출에 나설 수 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있고, 이 때 중요한 사회적경제의 키워드는 BOP 시장이다. 사회적경제는 북한이탈주민을 취약계층으로 자리매김하고 있는데, 향후에는 적극적으로 사회적경제의 창업의 주체로 육성할 필요성이 있다는 점도 제기하였다. 통일교육과 관련해서는 대상, 주체, 내용과 관련한 시론적 차원의 접근을 정리하였다. 사회적경제의 부상이 북한학 연구에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 더 많은 새로운 상상력의 발휘가 요구된다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.119-123
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• 2021

통계청의 '인구주택총조사' 결과(2019년 11월 1일)를 기준으로 발표한 '2019 지방자치단체 외국인 주민 현황'을 보면, 국내 체류 외국인은 2,216,612명으로 지난해인 2018년 2,054,621명에 비해 161,991명(7.9%) 증가했다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라 전체 인구(51,850,705명) 중 4.3%에 해당하며, 외국인 주민 최초 조사 연도인 2006년 536,627명과 비교했을 때 4배 이상 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있다. 국내 이민자들의 수가 증가함에 따라, 우리가 생각해야 할 점은 그동안 다문화 관련 정책적 환경이 급변하였을 뿐 아니라, 환경적 변화에 맞게 정책의 변화도 지속해서 이루어졌다는 것이다. 또한, 다문화가족의 양적 증가뿐 아니라, 거주 기간도 장기화되면서 초기 적응이라는 정책보다 구체적이고 포괄적인 새로운 정책 요구를 파악할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 다문화가정 결혼이주여성들의 창업 의지에 미치는 요인들을 연구하는 것은 향후 다양한 다문화 정책 수립 및 창업, 경제활동 활성화에 있어 큰 의미가 있다. 다문화가정 결혼이주여성에 대한 창업 의지에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구는 학문적으로 중요한 의미를 갖는데, 선행연구는 주로 북한이탈주민 및 다문화 이민자의 문화지능 또는 사회체제 등이 창업 의지에 영향을 미치는지 초점을 두어왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 다문화 이주민의 창업 의지에 관한 기존 선행연구들을 바탕으로 다문화가정 결혼이주여성들의 창업 의지에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증분석해 보는 데 있는데, 해당 요인들을 파악함으로써 앞으로 다문화가정 결혼이주여성들의 창업 활성화를 위한 정부와 대학의 역할을 논의해 보고자 한다. 다문화가정 결혼이주여성들의 창업 의지에 영향을 미치는 영향은 개인적 특성(기업가정신)인 '진취성', '혁신성', '위험감수성', '기회 인식'과 긍정심리자본 특성인 '자기효능감', '희망', '회복력', '낙관주의' 등을 선정하였다. 해당 요인들을 바탕으로 수도권에 거주 중인 다문화가정 결혼이주여성들에게 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 설문조사 결과로 신뢰성 분석과 요인분석, 다중회귀 분석, 상관관계 분석 등을 통하여 본 연구에서 설계한 가설들을 검증해 보고자 한다.