• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 2015

In this study, Copper Azole (CuAz), a domestically available wood preservative for pressure treatment, was employed to perform an experimental research on its infiltration and decay properties in Japanese Red Pine. Test specimens were pressure-injected with CuAz-2 preservative to measure its preservative effectiveness, and then its impact on weight and mass losses. Furthermore, wood specimens were treated with CuAz-2 preservatives of various concentration levels before they were decayed with brown-rot-fungi in order to observe decay properties on light microscope (LM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As a result, untreated specimen by Fomitopsis palustris showed the mass loss of more than 40%, and the value of preservative effectiveness of CuAz-2 by indoor decay was $1,73-3.32kg/m^3$. The concentration levels of CuAz-2 preservative were shown to cause significant variations in terms of decay progresses in the cross section, radial section, and tangential section. By contrast, untreated specimens had underwent serious decays in early wood, late wood, longitudinal resin canals, and ray, which led to vertical destruction of wood texture. As for the radial section, ray tracheid, ray parenchyma cell, and window like pits were decayed and destroyed. In the case of tangential section, uniseriate rays and vertical resin canals were seriously decayed. In conclusion, this study indicates that the adequacy of the current CuAz injection amount should be reviewed in the domestic environment because there are significantly different decays at different decay conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2003

The lignin degrading fungi were isolated from decayed woods and fruiting bodies gathered in forest area. Lignin degradation ability was investigated by Klason lignin of microbial treated pine wood. Among selected fungi, CJ-6 had 49.48% Klason lignin loss which was greater than 40.58% shown by Trametes versicolor that it is known as a typical lignin degrading fungus. Also, the biodegradation process and morphological features of degraded pine wood by selected fungi were observed with the scanning electron microscope. At the stage of 20 days incubation, mycelia invasion was observed without any failure of wood structure. At 60 days, wood decay was gone in some degree and one part of tracheid and ray wall was destroyed. At 100 days, tracheid wall was severely destroyed, and distinction between ray cell was difficult as cell wall was decayed much.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.732-739
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• 2014

This research was performed to investigate the effect of recent climate changes on wood decay hazard index (Scheffer index) in Korea. The index was determined using a climate data of 58 different locations obtained from the website of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and the wood decay hazard index was determined at the intervals of 10 years. Most of regions in Korea except Juju island showed wood decay hazard index values between 35 and 65, considered to be moderate decay hazard zones. But in recent 10 years (2003~2012), the wood decay hazard index was rapidly increased, resulting in showing many high decay hazard regions. The trend may be explained by the in crease of temperature and precipitation. The recent climate change of Korea turning into the weather of subtropical region may explain the increase of wood decay hazard index.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.11
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• pp.23-27
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigated the feasibility of using a fused borate rod for the remedial treatment, using pine specimens decayed by Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The borate rod appears to be a useful remedial product for eliminating as well as preventing decay. However, the easiness of retention gradient of boron according to the distance from a rod treatment site, is required for more effective treatment. The effect of the extension of diffusion period and rod size on retention gradient of boron should be fully investigated for successful remedial treatments using borate rod.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 1990

In mature stand of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis(S. et Z.) Gordon) planted in 1925, heartrot damage was investigated by felling some infected trees with fruit bodies of two butt-rot fungi, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Sparassis crispa. Percentage of heartrot area on basal area of decay trees was 19.2-74.4, and the height reached by the decay was 1.2-5.5m. Percentage of decay volume was in the range of 2.2-13.4%, but the loss wood to the height reached by the decay amounted to 27.2% (range 13.1-37.1%) of whole volume, Decay damage caused by S. crispa was much greater than that caused by P. schweinitzii. Compressive strength ($52-77kg/cm^2$) and specific gravity (0.40-0.47) of rot wood was reduced to 77% and 39% respectively in maximum as compared to sound wood of healthy tree, and those of sound-looking wood close by heartrot to 42% and 26%. The current annual growth of trees with decay was fallen behind that of sound tree from eight to fourteen years after planting in D. B. H. and from twelve to twenty-one years after in volume.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.531-537
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• 2011

This research was performed to evaluate the decay hazard for exterior above-ground wood in Korea. The Scheffer index (decay hazard index) was determined using the climate data of 72 different locations obtained from the website of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and the wood decay hazard map was created. Jeju, Seogwipo, Gwangju, and Jeonju showing above 65 of Scheffer index values were considered to be high decay hazard zones. The rest showed the values in the range between 35 and 65, meaning the moderate decay hazard zones. However, the annual Scheffer indexes largely varied, which suggests that many moderate decay zones could turn into high decay regions with the climate change. Especially, considering that Korean weather tends to turn into the weather of subtropical region, the decay hazard of Korea seems to have high possibility to be gradually increased.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6 s.134
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• pp.79-86
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• 2005

Aspen wood (Populus tremuloides, L.) was biotreated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora for 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks to observe the physical/chemical modification of wood components. Milled wood lignins (MWLs) isolated from each decayed wood were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO). As fungal treatment was progressed, lignin contents continuously decreased up to 20% after 6-week treatment. The lignin polymer could be fragmented to low-molecular phenolics, which make an enhancement of alkali solubility. Holocellulose contents were not affected severely during the period of fungal treatment, only reduction of 5~6% compared to the control. Xylose contents were decreased gradually from 23.4% to 18% after 6 weeks, whereas alpha-cellulose remained almost unchanged. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicates that molecular weight of lignin undergoes a slight decrement for 4 weeks of fungal treatment. Nitrobenzene oxidation revealed that total yield of NBO products of lignins were lowered ca 20% after fungal treatment. Sum of syringaldehyde and syringic acid are remarkably decreased. However, increment of sum of vanillin and vanillic acid was surprisingly observed. These results work as indirect evidence that a specific lignolytic reaction, maybe selective demethoxylaytion of S-lignin, can occur during fungal treatment of aspen wood by C. subvermispora.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

Forest floor is one of most distinctive features of forest ecosystem, which provides plants and soil microbes with nutrients, and controls hydrologic condition within the floor by intercepting water during a rainfall event and evaporates back into the atmosphere. In this study rainfall interception loss by decomposed forest floor of a deciduous forest has been experimentally estimated using rainfall simulation experiments. Litter-decomposing fungi were incubated on deciduous forest floor samples for the experiment purposes. On a deciduous floor, a $4.22mm{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}m^2$ of rain was intercepted immediately before rain ceased. Minimum values of interception loss ranged from 1.62 to $2.41mm{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}m^2$, with an average of $1.87mm{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}m^2$. Mann-Whitney test showed that decomposing fungi on the forest floor influenced on rainfall interception capacity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2005

To study the cultural characteristics and wood rotting ability of the secondary mycellia of Armillaria mellea, it was cultivated on the various media. The optimal mycelial growth condition was 20~27 and pH 5.0~6.5 on PDB. A. mellea grew well on MEA, PDA and GP. Lactose and mannitol as carbon sources and glutamic acid as nitrogen sources were found to be effective as additives. A. mellea employed in this study have the characteristics of white rot types. Pine and oak wood were selected as candidates for sawdust substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

The biodeterioration behaviors of square post to support the wooden printing blocks Shelves in the Janggeongpanjeon were investigated according to the positions and parts of square post, and environmental conditions. It was found that a high differences of deterioration in the progressing levels of wood decay, according to the positions and parts of square post, and environmental conditions. The decay levels were very high and still progressing in the contacted areas with stone foundation which are about up to 50 cm above it. In the decay type, white rot fungi was mainly affected in the inside of building which mainly made of softwood. The decay in the square posts to support the wooden printing block shelves inside of building was worse in the rear side, compared to front side. The insects was not found in most of square posts excluding the post which was neighboring at the infected round column by insect.