• Title/Summary/Keyword: 부지 재이용

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Plasma Aided Flotation for Removing Organic Substances and Killing Microorganisms

  • Yu, Seung-Min;Hong, Eun-Jeong;Yu, Seung-Yeol;Park, Jun-Seok;No, Tae-Hyeop
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.122-122
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    • 2014
  • 수중방전을 환경분야에 적용하기 위한 플라즈마 부상법이 개발되었다. 플라즈마 부상법은 물 속에서 발생시킨 플라즈마가 가지고 있는 주요특성 중 물리적 특징인 쇼크웨이브, UV조사, 버블생성 등과 화학적 특징인 OH라디칼 및 염소산화물 생성 등을 이용하여 물 속에 존재하는 용존성 및 입자성 물질을 부상분리 기법으로 제거하는 공법이다. 유기물을 제거하는 기작으로는 침전, 여과, 분해 등이 있고, 이를 구현하기 위한 공정으로 중력침강법, 부상분리법, 멤브레인법, 미생물법 등이 있다. 이 중에서 가압공기부상법은 침강법에 비해 부지면적을 적게 소모하고 처리시간이 50% 이상 감소되는 특징이 있다. 가압공기부상법은 물 속에 공기를 과포화시킨 후 노즐을 통해 재분사할 때 발생하는 압력차에 의해 미세기포가 발생함을 이용하여 유기물을 분리하는 공법이다. 그러나, 가압용 장비 및 반송수가 필요하고, 미생물분리는 불가능한 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미생물살균과 유기물 분리가 동시에 일어나는 플라즈마를 이용한 부상분리기법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 난분해성 용존유기물인 휴믹산 100 mg/L의 플라즈마 공기부상법에 의한 제거능을 확인하였다. 용존성 휴믹산을 입자성 물질로 전환하여 플록을 형성시키고자 알루미늄설페이트(Al2(SO4) $3{\cdot}18H2O$)를 100 mg/L 주입하였고, 침출수와 같이 염도가 높은 물을 모사하고자 35 g/L의 염화나트륨을 첨가한 상태에서 방전을 실시하였다. 방전에 사용된 전원은 EESYS사에서 제작한 펄스형 고전압 전원장치를 사용하였고 최대 15 kW의 출력 중 6 kW의 전력을 인가하였다. 전극 한 개는 2 mm 텅스텐봉을 세라믹튜브로 감싼 구조로 총 사용전극은 28개이다. 전극 한 개당 대략 200 Watt의 전력이 소모되며 이 때 최대의 버블이 생성됨을 확인하였다. 전극 1개에서 생성되는 버블의 부피는 14 mL/min 로 측정되었다. 버블의 크기는 평균 70 um이고 가압공기부상법에서 최적공기크기로 제시하고 있는 40~80 um 의 버블은 약 80% 가량 생성된다. 본 연구에서 사용된 반응시스템에서의 물의 높이는 약 500 mm 이고 전체 40 L의 수조가 3개의 벽으로 분리되어 4개의 수조로 분리되었다. 각 수조는 하부에 7개의 전극을 포함하고 있다. 플라즈마 발생시 생성되는 기포는 약 1분 방전 후에 포화농도에 도달하며 방전종료 후 약 4분간 수체 내에 남아있게 된다. 이를 공정에 적용하여 1분 방전 및 4분 휴지의 순서로 플라즈마를 인가하였다. 휴믹산 용액의 유량을 2 lpm 으로 운전하였을 때 최종 처리율은 94% 이고 이때의 대장균 살균능은 99%이다.

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The test-bed construction and water purification assessment of the eco-convergence type aerated string contacted oxidation system (생태융합형 접촉산화수로 Test-Bed 구축 및 정화효율 평가)

  • Choi, Sunhwa;Lee, Seung-Heon;Jang, Kyusang;Kim, Heungseop
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.592-592
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    • 2016
  • 국내에는 17,500여개의 농업용 저수지가 전국적으로 분포하고 있다. 국내 농업용 저수지는 대부분이 소규모이며, 연중 수량 변동이 심하고, 유역배율이 작아 태생적으로 수질오염에 취약한 구조로 되어 있다. 특히 농업용 저수지는 도시 근교나 농촌지역에 많이 위치하고 있어 유역 내 축산 농가나 미처리 생활하수에서 유래된 유기물 및 영양염류 유입에 의한 수질오염도가 높다. 저수지에 고농도로 유입되는 유기물, TN, TP를 처리하기 위하여 농어촌연구원과 수생태복원(주)에서는 공동으로 친환경 수처리시설인 생태융합형 접촉산화시스템을 개발하였다. 생태융합 접촉산화수로는 상부 식생과 수로 내의 섬유상 끈상 미생물 접촉재를 이용하여 오염수가 수로를 흐르면서 침전, 여과, 흡착, 산화, 흡수 등 물리학적, 화학적, 생물학적 원리를 이용하여 고농도의 유기물과 질소, 인을 제거하는 물리적, 생물학적 공정을 융복합 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 경기도 시흥시에 소재하고 있는 M 저수지에 현장 Test-bed를 구축하여 수질정화효율을 평가하였다. M 저수지는 유효저수지량이 약 23만톤에 해당하는 소규모 저수지로, 1941년도 준공된 아주 노후화된 저수지로 평균 수심이 2m 이하이고 연중 수질오염도가 높은 저수지이다. 매화저수지 수변에 설치된 생태융합형 접촉산화수로의 전체규모는 길이 8.6m, 폭 2m, 수심 2m에 해당하며, 끈상 미생물 메디아조 3개($2{\times}2{\times}6m^3$), 침전조 1개($2{\times}2{\times}2m^3$)로 구성되어 있다. 기타 부대 장치로는 끈상 메디아조에 산소공급을 위한 Air-mist(마이크로 버블 발생장치), 자동운전계기판, 유입펌프 등이 있다. 생태융합형 접촉산화수로의 처리 공정은 유입수${\rightarrow}$에어미스트${\rightarrow}$고속복합응집장치${\rightarrow}$융복합 산화조(3조)${\rightarrow}$침전조${\rightarrow}$방류로 구성되어 있다. 테스트 베드는 2015년 8월 말경에 구축 완료하였으며, 끈상 미생물 메디아조의 수질정화효율을 평가하기 위하여 9월부터 11월까지 총 7회 걸쳐 유입수와 유출수를 각각 조사하였다. 현장 측정항목인 수온, pH, EC, DO 등은 유입수 및 유출수간 큰 차이가 없었고, COD, SS, Chl-a, TP 등은 수처리시스템 초기 가동시에는 메디아에 미생물 부착율 저조로 유입수 및 유출수 수질농도에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 운영시간의 경과와 함께 메디아의 미생물 충진율이 높아짐에 따라 처리효율이 최대 SS 69.6%, Chl-a 89.3%, TP 89%까지 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 생태융합 접촉산화수로는 부지 집약적인 컴팩트한 수처리 시설로서 현재 널리 이용되고 있는 인공습지를 대체할 수 있는 경제적인 시설로 판단된다.

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Side Shear Resistance of Drilled Shafts in Weathered Rock (풍화된 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 주면지지력)

  • Kwon, Oh Sung;Kim, Myoung Mo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.4C
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    • pp.205-212
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    • 2008
  • In this research, the effect of rock mass weathering on the side shear resistance of drilled shaft socketed into igneous-metamorphic rock was investigated. For that, 23 cast-in-place concrete piles with diameters varying from 400mm to 1,500mm were constructed at four different sites, and the static axial load tests were performed to examine the resistant behavior of the piles. A comprehensive field/laboratory testing program at the field test site was also performed to describe the in situ rock mass conditions quantitatively. The side shear resistance of rock socketed piles was found to have no intimate correlation with the compressive strength of the intact rock. However, the global rock mass strength, which was calculated by the Hoek and Brown criteria, was found to closely correlate to the side shear resistance. The ground investigation data regarding the rock mass conditions (e.g. $E_m$, $E_{ur}$, $p_{lm}$, RMR, RQD, j) were also found to be highly correlated with the side shear resistance, showing the coefficients of correlation greater than 0.75 in most cases. Additionally, the applicability of existing methods for the side shear resistance of weathered granite-gneiss was verified by comparison with the field test data. The existing methods which consider the effect of rock mass condition were modified and/or extended for weathered rock mass where mass factor j is lower than 0.15, and RQD is below 50%.

Surface Wave Method II: Focused on Passive Method (표면파 탐사 II: 수동 탐사법을 중심으로)

  • Cho, Sung Oh;Joung, Inseok;Kim, Bitnarae;Jang, Hanna;Jang, Seonghyung;Hayashi, Koich;Nam, Myung Jin
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.14-25
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    • 2022
  • The passive surface wave method measures seismic signals from ambient noises or vibrations of natural phenomena without using an artificial source. Since passive sources are usually in lower frequencies than artificial ones being able to ensure the information on deeper geological structures, the passive surface wave method can investigate deeper geological structures. In the passive method, frequency dispersion curves are obtained after data acquisition, and the dispersion curves are analyzed by assuming 1D-layered earth, which is like the method of active surface wave survey. However, when computing dispersion curves, the passive method first obtains and analyzes coherence curves of received signals from a set of receivers based on spatial autocorrelation. In this review, we explain how passive surface wave methods measure signals, and make data processing and interpretation, before analyzing field application cases.

Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Reclaimed Land by Utilizing Waste Lime (폐석회를 활용한 성토매립지반의 지지력 및 침하특성에 관한 연구)

  • 신은철;오영인
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 1999
  • Several major land reclamation projects such as the Inchon International Airport construction, Songdo New City construction, LNG Tank and LPG storage construction are underway along the coastal line of Inchon in Korea. This study was carried out to investigate the feasible use of waste lime in the land reclamation projects. Waste lime (hydrated lime) used in this study is produced as a by-product in the manufacturing process of $Na_2CO_3$ from local chemical factory in Inchon. This study presents the characteristics of bearing capacity and settlement on the ground formed by layers of waste lime and dredged soil. From the laboratory and in-situ plate load test, the ultimate bearing capacity by in-situ test was 1.25~1.37 times higher than that of the theoretical ultimate bearing capacity. Based on the settlement analysis by Magset- II, the total settlement of layered ground steadly increased up to the ratio of waste lime depth 0.2 and therefore rapidly increased with the increase of waste lime depth. The results of the present study indicate that the ratio of waste lime depth for reclamation work is about 0.2.

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Differences in Bird Communities Due to Different Habitat Type in Han River Area (한강 유역에서 서식환경에 따른 조류군집의 특성 차이)

  • 허위행;박성진;임신재;박용수;최서윤;이창배;이우신
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of bird communities due to different habitat types on 3 sites in Han river area from May 2001 to January 2002. Water area was the most dominant habitat type in each site and also forest was dominant habitat type in site 1(Paldang area). Site 2(Bam island area) had various habitat types e.g. shrub field sandv plain, reed bed and grass field. Total 52 bird species were recorded on 3 sites in Han river. Ducks were the most dominant species, especially in January 2002. Density of individuals were higher in site 1 and 2, but lower in site 3(Nanjido area). In January 2002, dabbling ducks were dominant in site 2, and diving ducks were in site 1. Among diving ducks, common merganser Mergus merganser showed high density in site 2 and pochard Aythya ferina did in site 1. In site 1, coot Fulica atra showed also high density Diverse habitat types could be support foraging resources for dabbling ducks in site 2. High density of pochard and coot would be related to abundant aquatic plants and stable water depth in site 1. Manipulation of riparian zone in site 3 into natural vegetation would increase the bird species diversity. By the manipulation of habitat, habitat potentiality of birds would be increase in Han river area.

The Characteristics of Landfill Waste and Leachate on Open Dumping Landfill Site of Small Scale (소규모 단순매립지의 매립폐기물 및 침출수의 특성)

  • Ju, So-Young;Yeon, Ik-Jun;Jeon, Tae-Wan;Wi, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Kwang-Yul
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2000
  • The environmental assessment on the open dumping landfill of small scale which was situated in local small city was carried out to reuse the landfill site as the residental, commercial and other purposes through the analysis of the leachate of landfill, extracted solution from landfill waste. The waste was landfilled at 5.5~8m depth and the covered layer so poor as 20~50cm thickness. The biodegradable organic matters were almost degraded and the result of the leachate of landfill showed that the BOD/COD ratio were measured as 0.079, pH 7.2~7.6, SS 47736mg/L, COD 6193.8mg/L, T-N 596mg/L, and T-P 123.9mg/L respectively. These results were higher than those of extracted solution of landfill waste as the COD and BOD were measured as low values and T-N 7.77mg/L and T-P as 0.20mg/L lower concentrations the landfill appears the maturation phase. As the result of the assessment on the open dumping landfill of small scale, if appears that this landfill is maturation phase and the formation leachate is reduced. If the treatment facility of leachate from landfill and the layer which protects the inflow/infiltration is prepared, it can be safely used as this landfill site.

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Evaluation of Thermal Response Test of Energy Pile (에너지 파일의 현장 열응답 시험에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Seok;Lee, Seung-Rae;Kim, Min-Jun;Go, Gyu-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 2014
  • Use of geothermal energy has been increased for its economical application and environmentally friendly utilization. Particularly, for energy piles, a spiral coil type ground heat exchanger (GHE) is more preferred than line type GHEs such as U and W shaped GHEs. A PHC energy pile with spiral coil type GHE was installed in an area of partially saturated dredged soil deposit, and a thermal response test (TRT) was conducted for 240 hours under a continuous operation condition. Besides, remolded soil samples from different layers were collected in the field, and soil specimens were reconstructed according to the field ground condition. Non-steady state probe methods were conducted in the lab, and ground thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were measured for the different soil layers. An equivalent ground thermal conductivity was calculated from the lab test results and it was compared with the field TRT result. The difference was less than 5%, which advocates the use of an equivalent ground thermal conductivity for the multi-layered ground. Furthermore, this paper also represents an equivalent ground thermal diffusivity evaluation method which is another very important design parameter.

An Evaluation of Development Plans for Rolling Stock Maintenance Shop Using Computer Simulation - Emphasizing CDC and Generator Car - (시뮬레이션 기법을 이용한 철도차량 중정비 공장 설계검증 - 디젤동차 및 발전차 중정비 공장을 중심으로 -)

  • Jeon, Byoung-Hack;Jang, Seong-Yong;Lee, Won-Young;Oh, Jeong-Heon
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.23-34
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    • 2009
  • In the railroad rolling stock depot, long-term maintenance tasks is done regularly every two or four year basis to maintain the functionality of equipments and rolling stock body or for the repair operation of the heavily damaged rolling stocks by fatal accidents. This paper addresses the computer simulation model building for the rolling stock maintenance shop for the CDC(Commuter Diesel Car) and Generator Car planned to be constructed at Daejon Rolling Stock Depot, which will be moved from Yongsan Rolling Stock Depot. We evaluated the processing capacity of two layout design alternatives based on the maintenance process chart through the developed simulation models. The performance measures are the number of processed cars per year, the cycle time, shop utilization, work in process and the average number waiting car for input. The simulation result shows that one design alternative outperforms another design alternative in every aspect and superior design alternative can process total 340 number of trains per year 15% more than the proposed target within the current average cycle time.

Landscape of Erosional Basin in Korea -In case of land-use changes of hills- (우리 나라 침식분지의 경관 -구릉지의 토지이용 변화를 중심으로-)

  • Son, Myoung-Won
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.83-96
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    • 2000
  • Erosional basins formed in middle and upper reaches of Korean great rivers have been main life space of local small and middle cities, but previous studies on erosional basins are widely apart from residents' life and are in shortage with the endeavor to elucidate the man and environment relationship. This paper analyzes the factors and the modes of land-use changes of hills in the erosional basin. In this paper four erosional basins with different geological conditions are selected to elucidate the effect of geological factor(Geochang: granite, Chogye: metamorphic rock, Angye: gravelly sedimentary rock, Maseong: limestone). And the distribution of land use on the transverse and longitudinal cross-section map of the hill is described. The landscape of erosional basin is consisted of surrounding mountains, hills, dissected valleys, and incoming river's floodplain. Dissected valleys and incoming river's floodplain were reclaimed early as paddy field and hills have been used as woodland up to recently. Residents have a new appreciation of hills as a productive hill out of a traditional holy space[mountain] by influence of capitalistic thought that 'natural environment is a sort of productive resource'. Population increase is the another pressure of hill reclamation. The modes of landscape changes due to natural conditions are as follow: (1) In Geochang basin with dense tectolineament spacing, the gentle part of hill is used as field, orchard and agricultural-industrial complex site and the steep part is as woodland. (2) Hills in Angye basin with sparse tectolineament spacing are relatively flat because of maintaining a part of original denudational surface, and are used as orchids, field, paddy fields and agricultural-industrial complex site. The dissection valleys between hills are gentle concave and are used as paddy fields. (3) Hills in Maseong basin are wide and flat, and are used as fields, orchards, and agricultural-industrial complex site. (4) Because hills in Chogye basin, a closed type, are weared by affluents and are narrow and short. Hills are used as woodland and wide dissected valleys are reclaimed as paddy fields.

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