• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 2010

Physical factors and intra- and extra-oral factors of a patient have to be considered in order to decide a treatment plan for the skeletal class III malocclusion patient. Most of cases, the pre-prosthodontic treatment requires the orthodontic approaches and maxillofacial surgery. However, in some cases, patients' economic or medical condition makes impracticable situation for the orthodontic or surgical intervention. For those cases, the compromised prosthetic treatment which provides more stable and persistent occlusal stabilization is recommended. In this case report, a woman patient has a skeletal class III maxillomandibular relationship and misses multiple teeth. The prosthetic treatment without orthodontic and surgical intervention is performed due to her physical problem. The functional and esthetic results are achieved by the fixed prosthesis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.1 s.96
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

Over the Past decades, the number of Patients seeking orthodontic treatment has increased markedly with socioeconomic development and change of recognition on appearance. The purpose of this study was to provide an epidemiologic data base related to the orthodontic treatment need. We could take an adequate information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients, and the changing trends about treatment mordality. Distrubution and treands were Investigated in 676 patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Seoul National University from January to June in 1992 and 2002. 1. Sex distribution of patients changed from 1:2.1 to 1:1.5 (male female). 2. In 2002, are distribution had shown $7\~12$ year-old group being the largest$(32.0\%)$ and percentage of $19\~24,\;13\~18,\;over\;25,\;4\~6,\;0\~3$ year-old group were $24.0\%,\;21.6\%,\;14.2\%,\;5.8\%,\;2.4\%$ respctively. Compared with data in 1992, the number of adult patients highly increased. 3. With regard to Angle classification, each percentage of Class I, Class II div 1, Class II div 2, and Class III malocclusion were $25.0\%,\;20.9\%,\;3.4\%,\;and\;48.1\%$ respectively in 2002. 4. Geographic distribution showed that most of the patients visited $(37.0\%)$ lived in northeast of Seoul in 2002. 5. Mandibular prognathism showed the highest percentage in chief complaints. The percentages of crowding and facial asymmetry were $14.2\%\;and\;11.8\%$ in 2002. Patients with facial asymmetry increased significantly. 6. Percentages of patients treated with fixed appliance and orthognathic surgery were $38.0\%\;and\;25.0\%$ in 2002. Patients needed to observe the growth pattern comprised $13.0\%$ with increasing trends. The use of chin cap reduced and the percentage of ortognathic surgery and growth observation increased significantly.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2016

Many types of orthopedic appliances have been developed and used for the treatment of class II malocclusion in pediatric dentistry. Headgear is one of the extraoral appliances, which is used for the purpose of preventing the overgrowth of maxilla. Hotz appliance is used in couple with a cervical headgear for the expansion of maxilla and retraction of maxillary incisors. This case report is about the orthodontic treatment of three patients with class II division I malocclusion. These young patients were given orthopedic treatment in combination with a cervical headgear and Hotz appliance. After the treatment using these extraoral and intraoral appliances, succeeding treatments were practiced considering individual needs as follows: fixed orthodontic appliance for mandibular anterior crowding, Class II activator for retention and additory orthopedic treatment and the retention with Hotz appliance. Young patients with Class II division I malocclusion reported in this study received the orthodontic treatment using a cervical headgear and Hotz appliance as well as appropriate succeeding treatment afterward. All patients received improved convex profiles and lip protrusions by retracting maxilla and maxillary incisors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.231-240
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the maxillary protraction effects of the Tandem Traction Bow Appliance (TTBA), a new appliance devised several years ago for the treatment of growing skeletal Class III patients. Methods: Participants were 88 Korean children (42 boys, 46 girls) with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated with TTBA at the orthodontic clinic of Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Mean age at the start of treatment was 7.5 years${\pm}$1.5 years. Mean treatment periods were $13{\pm}3$ months. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were traced and superimposed by the same investigator and analyzed by modified McNamara analysis and pitchfork analysis. Changes were evaluated with paired t-tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The maxilla and maxillary dentition moved forward. The mandible moved backward, although not significantly; and the mandibular dentition moved forward. The net dental changes combined with the apical base change resulted in a favorable total molar relationship correction. Net dental movement was 26% and the apical base change 74% of the total molar relationship correction. Conclusion: These results suggest that TTBA has a maxillary protraction effect that can be useful in the treatment of growing skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2002

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion is approximately 5% in the Caucasian population, rising to as mush as 50% in the Japanese and Korean population. Recent studies have suggested than 63% of this malocclusion display maxillary retrusion. If left untreated, the malocclusion tends to worsen. Consequently, early treatment is commonly indicated to obtain a more normal jaw relationship. This report is 2 cases treated patients who diagnosed as skelectal Class III malocclusion due to deficient maxilla using facemask.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.327-337
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• 1999

Patients with skeletal class III can be succesfully treated by either orthognathic surgery or orthodontic treatment owing to unavoidable circumstances. Systers were treated , elder syster by orthognathic surgery and younger one by compromised treatment. For the ideal treatment goal, orthognathic surgery will be inevitable in skeletal problem case, but by the patient's private situations orthodontist cannot help doing compromised treatment. It could be another option if correct biomechanical approach is used.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.1 s.96
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

This study examined the relations between degree of posterior dental compensation and skeletal discrepancy in Class III malocclusion. The pretreatment lateral cephalogras and dental casts of 87 skeletal Class III adults were selected to provide a random sampling of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Skeletal discrepancy was described with ANB angle, Wits appraisal, SN-Mn plane angle, FMA and ratios of basal arch width. Degree of posterior dental compensation was described with maxillary intermolar angle, mandibular interolar angle and sum of intermoloar angle. The relationships between skeletal discrepancy and degree of posterior dental compensation were analyzed with simple correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows 1. A strong association was found between the variation in the anteroposterior measure, ANB angle and the variation of posterior dental compensation measures, sum of intermolar angle and mandibular intermolar angle in skeletal Class III malocclusion. 2. There was no statistically significant relationship between the variation in the vertical measures and the variation of posterior dental compensation measures in skeletal Class III malocclusion. 3. There was no statistically significant relationship between the variation in the anteroposterior and vortical measures and degree of basal arch width discrepancy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.247-261
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to quantitate differences in the nature of the correction of Angle's Class II div 1 malocclusion dependent on the patient's age at the time of treatment. The sample consisted of 27 female patients in the adolescent group with a mean initial records age of 11.8 years and 25 female patients in the adult group with a mean starting age of 21.1 yrs. Lateral cephalometric head films were taken before and after orthodontic treatment with four bicuspid extraction. The results were obtained as follows. 1. None of maxillary skeletal parameters exhibited a significantly different in treatment change between adolescents and adults. But, in mandibular skeletal measurements, there were significant differences between two groups. (P<0.05) 2. Measures of vertical dimension in the adults remained unchanged during treatment, reflecting the effective absence of growth. 3. The steepness of occlusal plane in the adults changed significantly.(P<0.05) In contrast, the adolescents displayed stability of the occlusal plane. 4. According to the Johnston analysis, there was a significant difference in the total molar correction between two groups.(P<0.05) 5. According to the Johnston analysis, differential mandibular growth in the adolescents contrubuted $63\%$ of the total molar correction, with orthodontic tooth movement accounting for the remaining $37\%$. In the adults, dental movement comprised $99\%$ of the correction.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.159-174
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• 2000

Many treatment approaches of Cl III malocclusion have been introduced and the choice of treatment should be a function of the individual problem, not of the clinician(personal preference, experience and success rate of the operator). Therefore a function of the individual problem should be analysed exactly Much has been written in the orthodontic literature concerning the nature of Cl III malocclusion. It has been reported by many investigators that a Cl III malocclusion occurs in a variety of skeletal and dental configurations by differences of race and age. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 125 individuals were studied for the presence and distibution of four horizontal components and one vortical component in a manner similar to McNamara. The results were as follows : 1. Cl III malocclusion is not a single clinical entity. It can result from numerous combinations of skeletal and dental components. 2. Maxillary skeletal retrusion was the most common single charateristic of the Cl III sample. 3. Only a small percentage of the cases in this study exhibited maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. 4. Only a small percentage of the cases in this study exhibited mandibular dentoalveolar retrusion. 5. Mandible was usually well-positioned, but a wide variation was observed. 6. A large percentage of the cases in this study exhibited excessive vertical development. Thus, it appears that in designing the ideal treatment regime, those approaches which might restrict vertical development and promote maxillary horizontal growth could be more appropriate in many cases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.260-271
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the occlusal plane angle and craniofacial skeletal pattern in relation to anterior overbite. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 90 adults with skeletal class III malocclusions were traced and measured to analyze skeletal factors and occlusal plane angles. In terms of anterior overbite, all patients were classified into 3 subgroups of positive overbite, edgebite, and negative overbite groups. All measurements were evaluated statistically by ANOVA and Duncan's Post Hoc, and correlation coefficients were evaluated among measurements. Results: In this study, some skeletal measurements (saddle angle, articular angle, Y axis, AFH, SN-FH, SN-Mn, FH-Mn) showed a significant difference among the 3 groups in relation to overbite changes. Correlation coefficient showed that PFH/AFH, SN-Mn, Mx-Mn, and FH-Mn showed a significant difference with FH-Occ, Mx-Occ, and Mn-Occ. Regression analysis showed that Mx-Mn had a determination coefficient of 0.714, 0.560, and 0.677 in relation to FH-Occ, Mx-Occ, and Mn-Occ, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that consideration of the occlusal plane in relation to the maxillomandibular vertical skeletal state enable the establishment of a more predictable orthognathic surgery result.