• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.897-903
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• 2012

Food allergies have become a serious health concern in the past two decades, especially in developed countries. Foods associated with allergies include vegetables, some fruits, shellfish, wheat, egg, chicken, and nuts. To describe the specific fundamentals, etiological factors, and clinical manifestations, we analyzed the different physical frequency on spleen index in sensitized and regular exercise-trained mice. We also conducted a proliferation assay of lymphocytes to OVA, ROS, ASAS, and we determined the cytokine levels. Female BALB/c mice were bred in the animal laboratory of the P and D university under controlled conditions ($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, RH 45-55%, and a 12-hour photoperiod). The animals were 6 weeks old at the start of the study and were fed a standard commercial chow diet from 09:00 to 15:00 for the 8-week study period. All animals had access to distilled deionized water ad libitum. They were divided into four groups: a control group (S; control sensitized, n=25), a low-frequency training group (F2, n=25), a mid-frequency training group (F3, n=25), and a high-frequency training group (F5, n=25) following the treatment of exercise time per week. The results were as follows: The mice spleen index showed the highest grade in the F5 group compared with the other groups; this level showed in an exercise frequency-dependent manner. In the proliferation assay of OVA, the F5 group showed the highest grade compared with the other groups; this level was also showed in an exercise frequency-dependent manner. Peritoneal ROS and ASAS showed a statistically significant increase in the F5 group and decreased in the F2 group compared with the S group. However, there were no significant differences in the F3 group. The highest level of IL-4 was found in the F5 group compared with the other groups. However, the highest level of INF-${\gamma}$ was in the F2 group. The results suggest that FDEIA is positively correlated with the frequency of exercise due to the direct effect of physical exercise on peritoneal ROS and the cytokine profile. Further research is needed on the specific mechanism underlying the combined effects of exercise intensity and frequency on physical-induced allergy anaphylaxis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.178-190
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• 1977

The experimental forest of Cbungnam National University is located in Naryung-Ri, Eunsan-Myen, Buyeo-Gun, Chungcheongnamdo. The climax vegetations of Quercus species grown in centrual temperate zone are supposed to be destroyed before pure pine stands as a semi-climax vegetation are established on the southern aspect and along the ridges. Variability of vegetations is rather high and dominant species are such as Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, Quercus serrata, Lindera erythrocarpa, Platycarya strobilacea, and so on. There tare 203 woody plants and 128 herbal plants. According to the use of vegetations they can be classified as follows; 60 familia and 154 species for edible source, 63 familia and 143 species for medicinal, 51 familia and 140 species for forage, 32 familia and 78 species for ornamental, and 12 familia and 27 species for timber source.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

This article described the development of transparent antimicrobial oxo-biodegradable (AOB) film with the function of enhanced freshness of food by employing oxo-biodegradable masterbatch (MB) and antimicrobial MB together with organic metal salt, organic acid, or unsaturated fatty acid. Antibacterial test of the AOB film with the different contents of the antimicrobial MB resulted in the significant freshness extension of plum. Tensile strength and elongation rate of the AOB films before UV treatment were similar to those of polyethylene films used as control. The reduced mechanical properties of AOB film after UV treatment (340 nm) suggested that the AOB film could be degraded by oxo biodegradation. The developed AOB films can effectively prevent decomposition of food by providing antibacterial function and preserving freshness.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.171-183
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• 2011

In this study molecular genetic analysis was carried out on 4 human skeletal remains from Osuri, Buyeo. We showed that real-time PCR is the method of the choice to assess the initial number of genuine ancient DNA molecules. Human mitochondrial DNA quantification was accomplished by the real-time PCR for the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondria. Histological results proved to be a good potentiality for biochemical analysis using biomolecule. The level of specimen's preservation state was proved that level of quantitative result was BO-04, BO-01, BO-03, BO-02. Continually, we showed that biochemical and biomolecule results for the level of preservation state were similar. This study will be useful to important material for predicting biochemistry and biology analysis of the ancient bone.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of mini-implants in relation to loading time. Methods: A total of 48 mini-implants (ORLUS, Ortholution, Korea) were placed into the buccal alveolar bone of the mandible in 8 male beagle dogs. Orthodontic force (200-250gm) was applied immediately for the immediate loading group while force application was delayed for 3 weeks in the delayed loading group. For the subsequent loading periods (3, 6, 12 weeks), BIC (bone implant contact) and BV/TV (bone volume/total volume) and mobility test were carried out. Results: The immediate loading group showed no changes in BIC from 3 to 12 weeks, while the delayed loading group showed a significant increase in BIC between 3 and 12 weeks (p<0.05). The BV/TO of the delayed loading group significantly increased from 6 to 12 weeks of loading (p<0.05), while the BV/TV of the immediate loading group decreased from 3 to 12 weeks of loading. However, there was no significant difference in BV/TV between experimental groups. The mobility of the immediate loading group was not significantly different from that of the delayed loading group after 12 weeks of loading (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results showed that immediate loading does not have a negative effect on the stability of mini-implants compared to the early loading method in both the clinical and histomorphometric point of view.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.239-251
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• 2006

결합조직이식을 이용한 치근피개 술식에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 최근에는 acellular dermal matrix가 자가 결합조직 이식편의 대체물로써 소개되었다. 본 실험의 목적은 치근피개를 위해 acellular dermal matrix을 사용시, 그 임상 효과 빚 조직 치유 양상을 평가하고, 이를 자가 결합조직 이삭시의 결과와 비교하기 위함이다. 3마리의 성견에 인위적인 치은 퇴축부 형성을 위해서, 상악 좌우견치의 협측에서 각화치은을 모두 제거하고, 법랑백악경계부로부터 12mm 정도 치조골을 삭제한 후에 판막을 봉합하였다. 그 후 35일을 치유 기간으로 부여하였다. 총 6 부위의 결손부가 실험에 포함되었고, 각각 3 부위씩이 대조군과 실험군으로 분류되었다. 실험군에서는 acellular dermal matrix 이식과 치관측 변위 판막을 시행하였고, 대조군에서는 치은 퇴축부위에 자가 결합조직 이식과 치관측 변위 판막을 시행하였다. 치주낭 깊이, 임상적 부착 수준, 치은 퇴축 높이, 각화조직 높이 등을 인위적 결손부 형성전, 치은 피개술 시행 직전, 피개술 시행후 4주 경과시에 각각 측정하였다. 술후 4주시에, 상악 좌우 견치 부위에서 시편을 얻어 조직학적으로 관찰하고 Wilcoxon signed rank test 와 Mann-Whitney U test으로 통계처리하였다. 임상결과 관찰시, 대조군과 실험군 모두에서, 술전과 비교시 치은 퇴축 감소와 각화조직의 증가, 임상 부착수준의 개선이 나타났다.(p ( 0.05) 평균 치근 피개율은 실험군에서 61.33(5.67%(n=3), 대조군에서 55.67(5.67%(n=3) 이었고, 대조군과 실험군에서 임상결과에서는 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이는 없었다.(p ( 0.05). 조직학상으로는, 두 군 모두에서 이식편이 수여부에 잘 융화되어 있었고 비슷한 치유 양상을 보였다. 이상의 실험결과에 의하면, Acellular dermal matrix은 치근피개술 시행시에 결합조직 이식편의 대용품으로 사용할 수 있고 비슷한 피개 결과를 얻을수 있었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2000

현대에는 날로 복잡해지는 생활양식의 변화에 따라 다양한 스트레스에 노출되고 그로 인한 면역계, 신경계 또는 각종 장기의 기능이상이 점차로 증가되고 있다. 최근 치과에 내원하는 환자들 중 구강건조증을 호소하는 환자들의 다수는 스트레스에 노출되어 있고, 임상적으로도 방사선 타액선 기능 검사에서 타액선, 특히 악하선의 기능이 현저하게 저하되어 있는 소견을 관찰할 수 있 다. 더욱이 이는 타액선 조영술에서 이미 보고된 바 있는 면역성 질환인 $Sj\ddot{o}gren$ 증후군과는 다른 양상으로 관찰되고 있어, 이에 본인은 백서에 스트레스와 관련이 깊은 내분비적 환경 변화를 유도함으로써 이와같은 변화가 악하선 조직의 병리적 변화와 어떠한 연관성을 갖는 지를 관찰하고자 본 실험을 시행하였다. 생후 7주된 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성 백서(165-209g/bw) 40마리를 2 개의 실험군(부신 제거군 : ADX 군, 부신 제거 후 dexamethasone 투여군 : DEX 군)으로 나누어 실험하였다. ADX 군은 외과적으로 부신을 제거한 후 다른 조건을 부여하지 않았고, DEX 군은 외과적으로 부신을 제거한 후 매일 dexamethasone($1.5*10^{-46}mg/g$ I.V./day)을 투여하였으며, 이들을 각각 실험 후 즉시, 1일, 3일, 5일, 7일에 희생시켰다. 그 후에는 즉시 악하선을 적출하여 면역조직화학법으로 Clusterin의 발현 정도 및 부위를 관찰하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 광학현미경 하에서, 양 군 모두 유의할만한 조직학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 2. ADX 군에서는 실험기간 전반에 걸쳐 도관세포와 선포세포에서 clusterin이 발현되었다. 3. DEX 군에서는 소수의 선세포에서 국소적으로 clusterin이 관찰되었으나, 전반적으로 도관세포, 선포세포에서 공히 clusterin이 관찰되지 않았다. 부신을 제거한 군에서는 실험기간 전반에 걸쳐 clusterin이 발현되었는데, 이는 clusterin이 스트레스의 생리적 반응의 결과로서 세포보호작용을 한다는 사실에 기초하여 볼 때, 부신을 제거하였을 때도 스트레스를 받았을 때와 같은 영향이 백서의 악하선에 가해졌을 것으로 생각된다. 반면, 부신제거후 glucocorticoid agonist인 dexamethasone을 투여하였을 때, clusterin이 감소 내지 관찰되지 않았던 것은 부신제거에 의해 악하선에 가해졌던 영향을 dexamethasone이 길항하여 나타난 결과로 볼 수 있어, 스트레스에 의해 부신으로부터 분비되는 glucocorticoid가 타액선을 보호하는데 중요한 작용을 하는 것을 시사한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2018

Walnuts are one of the most economically important fruit trees in forestry. In walnut orchards, however, studies examining damage by insect pests are limited. This study was conducted to investigate the rate of damage caused by Conogethes punctiferalis to walnut fruits and by Acrocercops transecta to walnut leaves. In 2017, the change of damage rate (caused by C. punctiferalis) to fruits were investigated in Buyeo. In addition, we counted fruits and leaves damaged by two lepidopteran species in Gimcheon, Buyeo, Yeongdong, and Hwaseong. Damaged fruits steadily increased in abundance with fruit growth in Buyeo, and the highest number of damaged fruits was documented in late summer. The rates of damage caused by C. punctiferalis to fruits in Buyeo, Gimcheon, and Hwaseong were 22.1%, 20.5%, and 11.7%, respectively. Additionally, the rates of damage caused by A. transecta to leaves in seedlings (58.5% on average) were significantly higher than to those in older trees (11.2% on average), irrespective of the study location. In conclusion, this study showed that C. punctiferalis and A. transecta were serious pests affecting walnut fruits and leaves, respectively. Therefore, management methods for these insect pests need to be developed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.657-664
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• 1993

To reveal the immunogenicity of ${\gamma}-irradiated$ E tenella and its progeny, a series of experiments on the effects of Cobalt-to ${\gamma}-irradiation$ was performed. The SPF chickens inoculated with diffenrt doses of inoculum were challenged with $1{\times}10^5$ oocysts of virulent E tenella. The levels of 100 Gy ${\gamma}-irradiation$ from $^{60}Co$ and of inoculum with $1{\times}10^4$ oocysts were recognized as proper as immunogen by comparison of survival rates, body weight gains, blood in feces and lesion scores in the chickens. In these trials of challenge with virulent E tenella after inoculation with $1{\times}10^4$ oocysts of the ${\gamma}-irradiated$ E tenella and its progeny, the survival rates of the chickens challenged with the virulent E tenella after immunization with the 1st and the 3rd progeny groups of ${\gamma}-irradiated$ E tenella oocysts were higher(l00%) than that(87.0%) of the challenged control group. The signs of blood in feces and the lesion scores were seen markedly lower with the ourput of the smaller number of oocysts, i.e. OPG 103,900 and 25,800 in the groups of the 1st and the 3rd progeny, respectively, than those(OPG 1,658,900) of the challenged control group. The body weight gains of the 1st and the 3rd progeny groups, the 1st week and the 2nd week after challenge, were higher (2.6g and 155.4g, 11.6g and 168.9g respectively) than those(-85.8g and 63.6g, respectively) of the challenged control group, and the feed conversion ratios(FCR 3.28 and 2.96) of the 1st and the 3rd progeny groups were lower than that(FCR 5.60) of the groups challenged control group. The anticoccidial indices(70.5 and 93.9) of the groups challenged with the virulent oocysts of E tenella after immunization with the 1st and the 3rd progeny of the ${\gamma}-irradiated$ E tenella were significantly higher than that (ACI -81.9) of the challenged control group. It was thought that the immunogenicity of ${\gamma}-irradiated$ E tenella would be increase according to increase the number of generation passaged in chicken. That might be because of increasing the pathogenicity of ${\gamma}-irradiated$ E tenella according to increase the number of generation passaged in chicken.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.790-799
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of yeast addition as starter on kimchi fermentation. The strains used as starter were Saccharomyces sp. YK-17 and Saccharomyces fermentati YK-19 isolated from kimchi, grew under anaerobic condition and low temperature, which showed the acid and base resistances. Chemical and microfloral changes, as well as the sensory properties of starter added kimchi during fermentation were compared with the control fermented without starter. The acidity of kimchi juice was lower and pH was higher in starter added kimchi than the control. Particularly addition of S. fermentati YK-19 prolonged the optimally fermented period (pH 4.0, acidity $0.6{\sim}0.8%$) up to more than 63%. The content of lactic acid, the major non-volatile organic acid in kimchi, was increased rapidly followed by S. sp. YK-17 and S. fermentati YK-19 group. The microfloral changes were found a little different among the samples. Among the microorganisms, Leuconostoc sp. and Lactobacillus sp. showed highest change, and Streptococcus sp. and Pediococcus sp. showed ralatively low change. The growth of Lactobacillus sp. which was the main acidifing microorganism was inhibited by starter addition, particularly by S. fermentati YK-19. The sensory characteristics of acidic and moldy flavor were significantly reduced by the addition, while fresh flavor was increased in starter added group.