• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2017

In the present study, to determine walking imbalance using the walking analysis method, where limitations in the existing walking analysis have been minimized, we propose a new walking analysis method that adopts the following: self-developed equipment to measure the angles of left-right hip joints and knee joints; a determination system using symmetry index (SI); and dynamic time warping (DTW) similarity analysis algorithm to analyze individual walking styles. Normal and imbalanced walking tests were conducted for 12 subjects without walking disorder. From the SI calculation to determine imbalanced walking, both the normal and imbalanced walking styles can be determined using the angle measurements of the left-right hip joints and knee joints. In the analysis of the individual walking styles, the similarities at the center of the lower back, left-right thighs, and dorsum of the feet of the 12 subjects in both normal and imbalanced walking cases were compared. From the similarity analysis of the measured values during the normal and imbalanced walking tests, I determined that the walking pattern does not maintain the same stance when the body parts move during walking.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.02a
• /
• pp.1367-1372
• /
• 2006

건물의 평면 디자인이나 도로의 디자인과 같은, 보행자를 고려해야 하는 디자인 혹은 그와 유사한 문제의 최적화를 위해서 군중 시뮬레이션이 필요한 경우가 있다. 이때 보행자 에이전트에 대한 모델이 필요하며 에이전트 디자인을 얼마나 신중하게 하느냐가 군중시뮬레이션의 결과에 많은 영향을 미친다. 기존의 보행자 모델은 에이전트로 하여금 이성적 행동을 하도록 하는 데에 초점이 맞추어져 있었다. 하지만 사람은 심리경향을 갖고 있으며, 이를 고려한 보행자 모델은 좀 더 현실과 가까운 군중 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 해 준다. 본 논문에서는 MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)의 척도 중 하나인 외향과 내향 척도를 기존의 보행자 모델에 적용시켰다. 외향과 내향을 하나의 변수로 보고 그에 따른 행동 패턴의 결정에 대한 함수를 만들었다. 그리고 이 모델을 사용하여 2 차원의 군중시뮬레이션을 해 보았다. 이 시뮬레이션은 출구를 가지고 있는 평면구조를 사용하여 위급한 상황일 때를 가정하여 에이전트들이 출구로 빠져나가도록 하는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2013

This paper presents a model of bipedal leg mechanism with a compliant foot, and the contact repulsion of the foot for a typical walking pattern and its influence on the knee and hip joints of the leg will be analyzed. This analysis is useful for us to figure out the physical impact of the foot when a walking robot takes a step. Also it can be applied to determine the joint specification of the leg mechanism. As a result, it is shown that the compliance characteristics of a robotic foot can contribute to alleviate the joint torques of the leg affected by the contact repulsion of the foot.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2022

Despite the increasing importance of pedestrians and their walking individualities, walking activity time characteristics are yet to be studied. This study analyzes the walking activity time characteristics by group using the Time Use Survey data. In order to analyze the characteristics of each pedestrian group, cluster analysis and correspondence analysis were performed by dividing the walking styles into utilitarian and leisure-purpose walking. Those who did not undertake utilitarian walking were mainly the worker group, whereas subjects who walked could be classified into homemaker and student groups. The peak of the student group appeared clearly in the morning, with a dispersed peak obtained during the afternoon. Although the peak of the homemaker group was not precise, it was confirmed that they mainly walked in the afternoon. The worker group also did not participate in leisure-purpose walking, while the elderly group mostly undertook walking for leisure. These walking activity time characteristics of pedestrians are expected to be applied when establishing related pedestrian policies.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.205-215
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate alterations of pregnant gait by means of 3 different treads of stairs. 9 subjects(body masses; $59.41{\pm}7.49$, $64.03{\pm}6.65$, $67.26{\pm}7.58$, heights; $160.50{\pm}6.35$ ages; $31.22{\pm}2.99$; parity; $1.67{\pm}0.71$) participated in three experiments that were divided by physiological symptoms(the early(0-15 weeks), middle(16-27 weeks) and last(18-39 weeks), and walked at self-selected pace on 4 staircases 3 trials. As extending the pregnancy period, cadence was shorter but cycle time was longer more and more and the difference of maximum and minmum moments between right and left knee joint moment was smaller. With the treads of stair decent lengthening, speed and stride lengths were increased. As extending the treads of stair decent, joint moments of both feet were particular traits, hip joint was asymmetric but joint moments of knee and ankle were symmetric. These findings may account for relation between the treads of stair and moments and suggest that women may adapt their gait to maximize stability and to control gait motion for themselves in pregnant women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 2018

In human walking, muscle co-contraction which produces simultaneous activities of multiple muscles is important in motor control mechanism of the central nervous system. This study aims to understand positive and negative covariation mechanism of inter-muscle activities during walking. In this study, we measured electromyography (EMG) in leg muscles. To identify motor modules, we recored EMG from 4 leg muscles bilaterally (the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and medial hamstring muscles) and performed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and principa component analysis (PCA). Then, we computed covariation values from various combinations between muscles or motor modules and used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance to identify significantly different covariation patterns between muscle combinations. As the results, we found significant differences between covariation values of muscle combinations (p < 0.05). muscle groups within the same motor modules produced the positive covariations. However, there were strong negative covariation between motor modules. There was negative covariation in all muscle combination. Stable inter-module negative covariation suggests that motor modules may be the control unit in the complex motor coordination.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.24 no.6 s.81
• /
• pp.523-531
• /
• 2003

We developed a PC-based 8-channel electrical stimulation system for transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES), and applied it to FES exercise and paraplegic walking. The PC program consists of four parts: a database, a stimulation pattern generator, a stimulus parameter converter, and an exercise program. The stimulation pattern can be arbitrarily generated and edited by using the mouse on the PC screen, and the resulting stimulus parameters arc extracted from the recruitment curves, and transmitted to the 8-channel stimulator through the serial port. The stimulator has nine microprocessors: one master and eight slaves, Each channel is controlled by the slave microprocessor, and is operated independently. Clinical application of the system to a paraplegic patient showed significant increase in the knee extensor torque, the fatigue resistance, and the leg circumference, The patient can now walk about 50 meters for more than 2 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.150-160
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between children's walking safety or risk of traffic accident and the physical environments around 20 public elementary schools in Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Field surveys were conducted to assess the street-level objective and subjective walking environments. The GIS method was used for measuring the neighborhood-level land use patterns. Children's walking safety and risk of traffic accident data were collected from the 6,381 grade 5 to 6 students attending 18 elementary schools through the questionnaire survey. Correlation analysis showed that walking safety and risk of traffic accident of the elementary students were associated with the number of temporary or permanent obstacles on the sidewalk, traffic safety signs, driveway and street intersections, street lights, and percentage of detached housing area and road area on neighbourhood-level. This research will promote to help with constructing a safe routes to school and walking-friendly healthy community.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2020

The pattern recognition or fuzzy inference, which is mainly used for the development of the automatic walking mode change of the above knee prosthesis, has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to estimate with the immediate change of the walking environment. In order to solve a disadvantage, this paper developed an algorithm that automatically converts the walking mode of the next step by estimating the walking environment at a specific gait phase. Since the proposed algorithm should be implanted and operated in the microcontroller, it is developed using the random forest base in consideration of calculation amount and estimated time. The developed random forest based gait and environmental estimation model were implanted in the microcontroller and evaluated for validity.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.521-531
• /
• 2014

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of normalization by dimensionless number of Hof(1996) and to analysis the gait pattern for 20s Korean males and females. Subjects are selected in accordance with classification system of Korean standard body figure and age. Experimental equipment is the Motion capture system. Subjects who are walked at a self-selected normal walking speed were photographed using the Motion capture system and analyzed using 3D motion analysis method with OrthoTrak, Cortex, Matlab and SPSS for a statistical test. When used to normalize data, there are no differences of statistical significances between gender in all spatiotemporal variables. I concluded that gait research for mutual comparison requires a normalization by dimensionless number to eliminate the effects of the body size and to accurate statistical analysis.