• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제29권1D호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

The critical lag of crosswalk pedestrians is an important parameter in analyzing traffic operation at unsignalized crosswalks, however there is few research in this field in Korea. The purpose of this study is to develop a model to estimate the critical lag. Among the elements which influence the critical lag, the age of pedestrians and the length of crosswalks, which have fuzzy characteristics, and the each lag which is rejected or accepted are collected on crosswalks of which lengths range from 3.5 m to 10.5 m. The values of the critical lag range from 2.56 sec. to 5.56 sec. The age and the length are divided to the 3 fuzzy variables each, and the critical lag of each case is estimated according to Raff's technique, so a total of 9 fuzzy rules are established. Based on the rules, an ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) model to estimate the critical lag is built. The predictability of the model is evaluated comparing the observed with the estimated critical lags by the model. Statistics of $R^2$, MAE, MSE are 0.96, 0.097, 0.015 respectively. Therefore, the model is evaluated to explain the result well. During this study, it is found that the critical lag increases rapidly over the pedestrian's age of 40 years.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제31권1D호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2011

This study is to mention necessity of building Green-way by foreign theoretical backgrounds and analyzing cases of internal and external, and is purposed on assessment of projects in operation internal by above necessity. For these assessments, looking into cases of green-way plan of external and defining issues by comparing with internal cases to suggest solutions. Green-way planning methods can be classified in physical and non-physical aspects. From among these, for case of non-physical method, its environments of each nation, region, local are all different from each other and can not be turned into a numerical value and quantification, as well. Therefore, analyzing and suggesting the directions on the basis of physical method. Understanding the improvements degree of physical environment of before and after implementation of projects by using successful cases of external similar to actual state of internal. By these process, inflecting to suggest a seek way of applied to internal projects. Local aspects, doesn't have the specific analyzed data of improvement of pedestrian environment and building green-way and are shortage of implementation of projects also. For that reason this study is to look into the status and plans of building green-way in Seoul and analyzing the 7 completed region cases. And suggesting issues of projects and the direction of national and local green-way projects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2013

This study aims to measure the thermal comfort effects of urban street trees. As the usual dry bulb air temperature does not indicate properly how the average pedestrian feels the heat of a typical summer day under the strong sunshine, we adopted the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature(WBGT). WBGT involves black globe temperature to measure the direct radiation of sun beams on our bodies, for example our heads. We measured temperatures on very sunny and hot summer days, August 3, 4, and 7, 2012, on the urban streets of Seoul, Korea. Wet bulb, globe, and dry bulb temperatures were measured under direct sunlight from 1 O'clock to 5 O'clock pm. Globe and dry bulb temperatures were measured under street tree shades nearby during the same hours. Then the WBGTs were calculated with the formulae, one for sunny outdoor spaces, and the other for shaded outdoor spaces or indoor. The results are compared with the Korean Standards Association(KS A ISO 7243). The major findings were: 1) On very sunny and hot summer days in Seoul, street tree shades lower the WBGT about 1 to 4 degrees, 2) during the hours of 3 and 4 O'clock in the afternoon, the WBGT under the tree shades are about 3 to 4 degrees lower compared to those under sunshines(approx. 29 to 32 degrees respectively), 3) This difference makes a major thermal comfort for urban pedestrians because senior citizens or weak persons are recommended to move indoor, and even healthy people are recommended stop outdoor sports and take rests in the shades when WBGT is about 32. On the other hand, if the WBGT is around 29, or 3 degrees lower, slower walking, light works or sports are allowable, 4) On site questionnaire survey confirms the thermal comforts under the tree shades, and we even could not get survey subjects on the sunny parts of the sidewalks, 5) We strongly recommend change of guidelines for urban street trees from "one row of street trees on 6m~8m intervals" to "street trees to make continuous shades".

• Journal of IKEEE
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.883-892
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• 2019

This study is the method which is adapted to control ankle joint movement for resolving the problem of gait imbalance in intervals where gait environments are changed and slope walking, as applying terrain-adaptive technique to intelligent above-knee prosthesis. In this development of above-knee prosthesis, to classify the gait modes is essential. For distinguishing the stance phases and the swing phase depending on roads, a machine learning which combines decision tree and random forest from knee angle data and inertial sensor data, is proposed and adapted. By using this method, the ankle movement state of the prosthesis is controlled. This study verifies whether the problem is resolved through butterfly diagram.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Despite the legal and institutional measures that have been enacted for the safety management of school facilities, the number of school accidents has continued to rise, particularly in regards to the number of accidents related to schools. However, school facilities have had a difficult time creating safe school environments for the school administration and local governments. This is due to the fact that the Office of Education and the Ministry of Education, not the school or educational offices, have insufficient institutional devices such as standards and systems for the promotion of safe school environments. This study attempted to confirm the direction of the improvement of the safety of school facilities. To this end, four safety assessment topics (separation of pedestrians, pedestrian path management, pedestrian visibility, and surrounding risk factors) were derived based on the surveyed data for the safety of the external environment of domestic and international school facilities. 179 school facilities nationwide (kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and special schools) were analyzed for current cases of accidents that occurred mainly on school roads. Roughly 50% of the analyzed evaluation scores showed that it is necessary to improve the external environment of school facilities.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2011년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.458-461
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• 2011

이방향 중공슬래브 시스템의 구조특성 및 성능평가 연구의 일부로 실제 건축물에 적용된 이방향 중공슬래브의 연직진동을 측정 및 분석하였다. 캡슐형 경량체를 사용한 이방향 중공슬래브가 적용된 두 건축물에서 바닥 용도상 일상적인 진동발생원이라고 가정할 수 있는 75 kg 성인의 보행, 달리기, 제자리 점프에 대해 슬래브의 연직진동을 측정하였다. 두 대상 건축물은 각각 연구소와 교육시설 용도로 설계 및 건축되었다. 측정된 수직 가속도 데이터로 일본건축학회 환경기준에 (AIJES-2004) 근거하여 진동수 범위 3~30 Hz에 대해 1/3 옥타브 밴드 분석을 실시하였다. 이 분석을 바탕으로 AIJEES-2004에 제시한 기준에 따라 바닥의 연직진동에 대한 거주 성능을 평가한 결과, 측정한 세 건축물에 적용된 이방향 중공슬래브 모두 보행과 달리기에 대해서는 피진동자의 10% 미만이 인지, 제자리 점프에 대해서는 50~70% 미만이 인지할 수 있는 것으로 나타나, 이방향 중공슬래브가 바닥의 연직 진동에 대해 거주 성능이 양호함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Structures of Civil Engineering have been designed with a safety as their main purpose. However recently, the greenness side of the technology of civil engineering regarded as most Important and also utility values and stability of the structures. Also developments in the technology make materials to be higher strength and they shortened scales and stiffness of the structural members. This means that it brings an immoderate deflection and vibration of bridge structures simultaneously. Accordingly, this study ai ed to find and estimate the most idealized structure models on the effects of the deflection and vibration of bridges from the traffic lane load and human vibration - the main pass of bridge structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.628-637
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions of the mobility convenience facilities for pedestrians and their perception of the facilities, and thereby provide fundamental material necessary to establish a strategy of improving mobility convenience facilities. This study tried to analyze the characteristics of the mobility convenience facilities for pedestrians. Based on previous studies and "Report of Mobility Facilities of the Mobility Handicapped", this study first chose the evaluation items related to mobility convenience facilities, and then conducted a questionnaire survey and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). According to the study results, first, the item that needs intensive improvement was sidewalks, and the detailed indicators for sidewalks were walking safety, convenient facilities for the disabled, and pavement in order. Secondly, the items that need to be maintained were bus and crossroad. Thirdly, the low-ranking items were under-passageway and pedestrian overpass. And lastly, the items that need to be controlled were facilities for passenger terminals and bus terminals. Based on the comprehensive IPA result, this researcher judged the actual use conditions of the mobility convenience facilities in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnamdo. Therefore, it was found that it would be urgent to improve the direct walking environment on sidewalks. In this aspect, for future policy decision and facility maintenance, it is desirable to put the item in priority in terms of investment and come up with an improvement strategy.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2016

Since the 1970s, the region of its own pedestrian center and environmental pollution caused by exhaust gases have been reduced gradually in a continuous increase of the vehicle, school route the central business district, around the school, the sidewalk where the vehicle do not pass, facilities of minimum for the safety of pedestrians and systematic management of an area where an unspecified number and alleys impassable is insufficient. Recently, in response to the "Law for convenience enhancing safety and walking" is enforced in Korea, research on Pedestrian only Street has been actively about the government, the standard for calculating the weights of evaluation associated with it. it is a actuality, however, there are insufficient, evaluation for business promotion is being conducted evaluation polite manner by using, for example, scale residence time and purpose of the passengers as there is no car that has been carried out on a voluntary basis through the municipality have. In this study, by suggesting a method for the selection of the street without a car, make a survey by placing a purpose in the selection method presentation of the street with no car to be construction future, was researching. F.G.I (Focus Group Interview) survey, professors, staff in urban, traffic field of experts in order to present the weights for the evaluation of the Pedestrian only Street by using the evaluation index by type of Pedestrian only Street, was interviewed about the evaluation index for the conducted for professionals engaged in the engineering company, and randomly selected 200 peoples, weighted evaluation of the street with Pedestrian only Street was proposed. By classifying the items purpose and goals of the evaluation type by this by applying the weight, and present the weight of the detailed indicators each corresponding to each item, and scored on the basis of the result, in this paper it can be so that one methodology for the selection standard for the construction as Pedestrian only Street, and the weight of the evaluation of the type that has been derived, the selection and evaluation methods and then added to these criteria to settle careful study of the reference should be performed further.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

Physical activity of the people has decreased due to a sedentary lifestyle according to developing the economy throughout the world. It is thought to increase the risk of chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, etc. People are interested in walking, which is an easy activity to engage in as an antidote to chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to increase the diminishing physical activity of modem society by inducing walking as part of everyday life through building a walking-based activity-friendly city where people can live merrily, safely and pleasantly. For this purpose, this study conducted a satisfaction survey to dwellers of Jinhae on the physical pedestrian environments which affect determining walking participation and intentions of people, and also provided a valid model to evaluate the effects of the physical environmental factors on walking satisfaction using factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows. The 18 variables of the physical pedestrian environments were selected based on pre-literature reviews. The results of the satisfaction surveys showed that the satisfaction of crossing aids in segments was highest, while the building feature was the lowest. Factor analysis was run through a two-step process. The first analysis was conducted to examine the adequacy of this factor analysis on the selected 18 variables. As a result, two variables were removed and the remaining 16 variables were extracted to the four factors by second analysis. Each factor was named function of path, effect of traffic, amenity and safety based on the each factor's commonality. Each factor score of the extracted four factors was set as the independent variable, while the overall walking satisfaction was set as the dependent variable. Then, the multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and showed that all four factors had a positive influence on the overall satisfaction of walking, especially the 'function of path' and 'amenity' factors, followed by 'effect of traffic' and 'safety'. The results of this research will be used as foundational data for creating a walking-based activity-friendly city.