• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.757-770
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• 2020

Industrial Control System(ICS) is a system that measures, monitors, and controls various distributed assets, and is used in industrial facilities such as energy, chemical, transportation, water treatment, and manufacturing plants or critial infrastructure. Because ICS system errors and interruptions can cause serious problem and asset damage, research on prevention and minimization of security threats in industrial control systems has been carried out. Previously wireless communication was applied in limited fields to minimize security risks, but the demand for industrial wireless communication devices is increasing due to ease of maintenance and cost advantages. In this paper, we analyzed the security threats of industrial wireless communication devices supporting WirelessHART and ISA100.11a. Based on the analysis results, we proposed the security requirements for adopting and operating industrial wireless communication devices. We expect that the proposed requirements can mitigate security threats of industrial wireless devices in ICS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.341-342
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• 2017

Control and development systems such as air traffic control systems, road traffic systems, and Korea Hydro &Nuclear Power are the infrastructure facilities of the country, and if the malicious hacking attacks proceed, the damage is beyond imagination. In fact, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power has been subjected to a hacking attack, causing internal information to leak and causing social problems. In this study, we analyze the environment of the development control system and analyze the status of the convergence security research, which is a recent issue, and propose a strategy system for stabilizing various power generation control systems and propose countermeasures. We propose a method to normalize and integrate data types from various physical security systems (facilities), IT security systems, access control systems, to control the whole system through convergence authentication, and to detect risks through fusion control.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

제어 시스템은 수도, 오일 등 국가기반시설을 감시 및 제어하는 시스템이다. 최근 이러한 제어 시스템을 공격 목적으로 하는 사이버 공격이 발생하고 있어 제어 시스템에 대한 보안 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 제어 시스템은 일반적인 IT 시스템과는 달리 상이한 구조적 특성을 갖고 있어 제어 시스템의 특성에 맞는 보안정책을 마련해야 한다. 이를 위해 각 국가에서는 제어 시스템의 보안정책을 재정립하고 있으며 연구기관을 설립하고 프로젝트를 진행하는 등 보안 취약점을 해결하기 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 국내 외 제어 시스템에 대한 보안정책 동향 및 보안 취약점을 분석하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.124-126
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• 2021

해양에서의 선박 대 선박, 선박 대 시설 등 장비 간 통신 서비스를 제공하기 위한 M-S2X 기술 적용 시 발생할 수 있는 보안 위협을 분석하고, 적용 가능한 보안요구사항을 도출하였다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

철도시스템은 시설, 차량, 역사, 전기, 신호통신 등 거의 모든 분야가 통합되어 상호 유기적으로 동작함으로써 안전하고 신뢰성 있는 운행을 가능하게 한다. 특히, 철도에 처음으로 컴퓨터 시스템을 도입한 열차운행제어 설비인 관제시스템은 선구를 운행하는 모든 열차에 대하여 중앙에서 원격 감시 및 제어를 수행함과 동시에 열차운행에 관련된 모든 정보를 취합하고 이를 각 분야별로 전송하여 열차 운행의 정시성을 보장하는 중요한 설비이다. 따라서, 관제시스템은 열차운전 통제 및 감시의 일관성, 효율성, 적시성을 기하여 열차의 안전운행 확보와 지연을 최소화하고 있다. 이와 같이 열차운행의 중요설비인 관제시스템은 국가 보안시설로 평상시는 일반인의 출입이 금지될 뿐만 아니라 시스템적으로 외부로부터의 침입방지 및 보안 대책은 무엇보다도 중요한 현안이므로 관제시스템에 대한 보안 위협을 분석하고 이에 대한 보안대책 및 대응방안 등에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.1953-1956
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• 2003

현재 기관들은 정보통신기반시설에 대한 위험을 여러 가지 다른 방식으로 분석하고 있다. 또한, 각종 위험관리방법론, 지침 및 절차, 수준 측정 등에서 사용되는 기준들 사이에는 일관성이 없거나 서로 비교할 수가 없는 경우가 많다. 해당 기관의 보안 목표와는 상관없이 보안시스템이 설치 운영되고 있으며 그나마 없는 경우도 많다. 또한 당국에 보고하는 위험 분석 결과와 실제 기관 내에 위험 통제를 하기 위해 사용하는 위험 분석 결과도 서로 다른 경우가 흔하다. 기관 전체 차원에서의 일관성 있는 보안위험관리 방법의 부재로 말미암아 경제적으로 효율적인 위험 관리가 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 정보통신기반시설에 대한 보안위험관리시스템을 제안하고 이에 대한 구현 방안을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.527-528
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• 2016

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2022

Cyber threat targeting ICS (Industrial Control System) has indicated drastic increases over the past decade and Cyber Incident in Critical Infrastructure such as Energy, Gas Terminal and Petrochemical industries can lead to disaster-level accidents including casualties and large-scale fires. In order to effectively respond to cyber attacks targeting ICS, a multi-layered defense-in-depth strategy considering Control System Architecture is necessary. In particular, the centralized security log system integrating OT (Operational Technology) and IT (Information Technology) plays an important role in the ICS incident response plan. The paper suggests the way of implementing centralized security log system that collects security events and logs using OPC Protocol from Level 0 to Level 5 based on IEC62443 Purdue Model to integrate ICS security logs with SIEM (Security Information Event Management) operated in IT environment.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.285-296
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• 2018

Among many hacking attempts carried out in the past few years, the cyber-attacks that could have caused a national-level disaster were the attacks against nuclear facilities including nuclear power plants. The most typical one was the Stuxnet attack against Iranian nuclear facility and the cyber threat targeting one of the facilities operated by Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea; ROK). Although the latter was just a threat, it made many Korean people anxious while the former showed that the operation of nuclear plant can be actually stopped by direct cyber-attacks. After these incidents, the possibility of cyber-attacks against industrial control systems has become a reality and the security for these systems has been tightened based on the idea that the operations by network-isolated systems are no longer safe from the cyber terrorism. The ROK government has established a realistic control systems defense concept and in the US, the relevant authorities have set up several security frameworks to prepare for the threats. This paper presented various cyber security attack cases and their scenarios against control systems, along with the analysis of countermeasures for them. Though this task, we attempt to identify the items that need to be considered when designing a domestic security framework to improve security and secure stability.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.91-108
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number of first aid training and safety performance. The researcher's questionnaire consisted of three variables: necessity of first aid education, application to security practice, and improvement of job satisfaction. In this study, Chronbach's Alpha coefficients were calculated to measure the internal validity for the reliability of the questionnaire. In order to verify the validity of the measured variables, exploratory factor analysis was carried out using the Berimax rotation method. The mean variance extracted AVE and the conceptual reliability CR value of the measurement result variables were both above the allowable reference value of 0.5 and it was judged to be a good test in terms of intensive validity. As a result of the hypothesis test, the standardization coefficient was 1.106 for 'necessity of first aid education ⇒ applied to security practice work', and 'applied to security work practice ⇒ improvement of job satisfaction' was 1.063 and the relationship of hypothesis 1 hypothesis 2 was significant (+), Respectively. Therefore, in order to increase the job satisfaction of security related workers, it is necessary to support first aid education and to receive first aid education.