• Title/Summary/Keyword: 변종

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Analysis of Malware Image Data Augmentation based on GAN (GAN 기반의 악성코드 이미지 데이터 증강 분석)

  • Won-Jun Lee;ChangHoon Kang;Ah Reum Kang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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    • 2024.01a
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    • pp.99-100
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    • 2024
  • 다양한 변종들의 존재와 잘 알려지지 않은 취약점을 이용한 공격은 악성코드 수집을 어렵게 하는 요인들이다. 부족한 악성코드 수를 보완하고자 생성 모델을 활용한 이미지 기반의 악성코드 데이터를 증강한 연구들도 존재하였다. 하지만 생성 모델이 실제 악성코드를 생성할 수 있는지에 대한 분석은 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구는 VGG-11 모델을 활용해 실제 악성코드와 생성된 악성코드 이미지의 이진 분류하였다. 실험 결과 VGG-11 모델은 99.9%의 정확도로 두 영상을 다르게 판단한다

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The Vegetation and Flora of Village Groves in Paengseong-eup, Pyongtaek City, Gyonggi-Do, Korea (경기도 평택시 팽성읍 마을숲의 식물상 및 식생)

  • Ahn, Young-Hee;Lee, Sung-Je;Shin, Goung-Mi;Park, Eun-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.515-525
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    • 2007
  • A village grove is the one fostered and protected for a district's traditional community life near the vicinity of a village. This study is done by surveying the vegetation and flora at the village grove situated at the former location for the US military camp. Through such data collected from this study, this researcher could have access to preliminary data needed for restoration project & preservation of not only the village grove surveyed but also the village grove of its neighboring district. According to the survey, there appeared an outgrowth flora of Pteridophyta consisting of 2 families, 2 genuses, 1 species, and 1 variety, totalling to 2 taxa; a Gymnosperm of 2 families, 2 genuses, 3 species, totalling to 3 taxa; in the realm of an Angiosperm, a Monocotyledon consisting of 5 families, 10 genuses, and 11 species, totalling to 11 taxa; Dicotyledoneal consisting of 24 families, 39 genuses, 40 species, and 3 varieties, totalling to 43 taxa, thus revealing 33 families, 53 genuses, 55 species, 4 varieties and 59 taxa in total. Urbanization index(4.2%) and Naturalization ratio(20.3%) showed a relatively higher numerical value than those of other districts. The vegetation unit comprising a village grove is classified Into the four community units, such as Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community, Quercus serrata community, and Rosa multiflora community. Quercus serrata community is of a community type dominated by Quercus serrata, in place of Pinus densiflora selected by natural succession, which shows relatively superior lighting adaptability and was surveyed to grow up on not only a tree layer but also a sub-tree layer. With the recent appearance of industrialization, the use of a village grove is reducing due to villagers' leaving, decrease in the number of households, and urbanization; consequently, there came out a pattern of succession to Quercus serrata community, which could be assumed to be potential natural vegetation of this district, after passing through the process of Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community.

Analysis of the Flora and Vegetation Community in Forest Genetic Resources Reserves (Mt. Daeseng, Juparyeong), Near the DMZ (DMZ 인근지역 산림유전자원보호구역(대성산, 주파령)의 식물상 및 식생군집분석)

  • Son, Ho-Jun;Kim, Young-Sol;Ahn, Chi-Ho;Park, Wan-Geun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.1
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 2016
  • This study examined the flora and community classification in the Forest Genetic Resources Reserves (FGRR) at Mt. Daeseng and Juparyeong to understand the degree of disturbance and the state of forest stand development within the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and to provide baseline data for preservation and management. Of the vascular plants dispersed throughout the study site, there were 98 families, 311 genera, 507 species, 6 subspecies, 65 varieties, and 10 forms, for a total of 588 taxa. Of these, 92 families, 290 genera, 459 species, 6 subspecies, 58 varieties, and 9 forms, for a total of 532 taxa of native plants, were determined to be dispersed around the FGRR at Mt. Daeseng, and 94 families, 259 genera, 364 species, 6 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 8 forms, for a total of 428 taxa of native plants, were confirmed to be dispersed around the FGRR at Juparyeong. There were 21 taxa of endemic Korean plants growing in the FGRR at Mt. Daeseng, with 14 taxa growing in the FGRR at Juparyeong. In terms of rare plants, 26 taxa were confirmed in the FGRR at Mt. Daeseng, and 10 taxa were confirmed in the FGRR at Juparyeong. A Cluster analysis was performed using vegetation data taken from 58 sample plots in each FGRR. The results showed a total of three representative community classifications from Mt. Daeseng: mixed mesophytic forest, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla communities. Four representative community classifications were observed from Juparyeong: Quercus mongolica-broad leaved forest, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-broad leaved forest, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus communities. On the whole, the species diversity of the communities in Mt. Daeseng FGRR was greater than for the communities in Juparyeong FGRR. At Mt. Daeseng, the mixed mesophytic forest had the highest species diversity index at 1.590, while at Juparyeong, the Fraxinus rhynchophylla-broad leaved forest had the highest species diversity index at 1.319. These study results should serve as useful baseline data for future preservation and management of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and the surrounding area.

Outcome of the Modified Norwood Procedure: 7 Years of Experience from a Single Institution (변형된 노우드(Norwood) 수술의 결과: 단일병원의 지난 7년간의 경험)

  • Kim, Hyung-Tae;Sung, Si-Chan;Kim, Si-Ho;Bae, Mi-Ju;Lee, Hyoung-Doo;Park, Ji-Ae;Chang, Yun-Hee
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.364-374
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    • 2010
  • Background: We assessed the early and mid-term results of the modified Norwood procedure for first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and its variants to identify the risk factors for hospital mortality. Material and Method: Between March, 2003, and December, 2009, 23 patients (18 males and 5 females) with HLHS or variants underwent the modified Norwood procedure. The age at operation ranged from 3 to 60 days (mean, $11.7{\pm}13.2days$) and weight at operation ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 kg (mean, $3.17{\pm}0.52kg$). We used a modified technique that spared the anterior wall of the main pulmonary artery in 20 patients. The sources of pulmonary blood flow were RV-PA conduit in 15 patients (group I) and RMBTS in 8 (group II). Follow-up was completed in 19 patients (19/20, 95%) in our hospital (mean $26.0{\pm}22.8months$). Result: Early death occurred in 3 patients (3/23, 13%), of whom 2 had TAPVC. Fourteen patients underwent subsequent bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC, stage 2) and seven underwent the Fontan operation (stage 3). Three patients died between stages, 2 before stage 2 and one before stage 3. The estimated 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 78% and 69%, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, aberrant right subclavian artery (RSCA) and associated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) were risk factors for hospital mortality after stage 1 Norwood procedure. Conclusion: HLHS and its variants can be palliated by the modified Norwood procedure with low operative mortality. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection adversely affects the survival after a stage 1 Norwood procedure, and interstage mortality rates need to be improved.

Presence of Leukemia-maintaining Cells in Differentiation-resistant Fraction of K562 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (만성 골수성 백혈병 K562세포의 분화 내성 분획에서 백혈병 유지 세포의 동정)

  • Lee, Hong-Rae;Kim, Mi-Ju;Ha, Gahee;Kim, So-Jung;Kim, Sun-Hee;Kang, Chi-Dug
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.197-206
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    • 2013
  • The present study investigated whether leukemia-maintaining cells reside in a differentiation-resistant fraction using a megakaryocytic differentiation model of K562 cells. Treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) significantly inhibited the colony-forming efficiency of the K562 cells. At a PMA concentration of 1 nM or higher, colony was not formed, but approximately 40% of K562 cells still survived in soft agar. Approximately 70% of colony-forming cells that were isolated following the removal of PMA after exposure to the agent were differentiated after treatment with 10 nM PMA for 3 days. The differentiation rate of the colony-forming cells was gradually increased and reached about 90% 6 weeks after colony isolation, which was comparable to the level of a PMA-treated K562 control. Meanwhile, imatinib-resistant variants from the K562 cells, including K562/R1, K562/R2, and K562/R3 cells, did not show any colony-forming activity, and most imatinib-resistant variants were CD44 positive. After 4 months of culture in drug-free medium, the surface level of CD44 was decreased in comparison with primary imatinib-resistant variants, and a few colonies were formed from K562/R3 cells. In these cells, Bcr-Abl, which was lost in the imatinib-resistant variants, was re-expressed, and the original phenotypes of the K562 cells were partially recovered. These results suggest that leukemia-maintaining cells might reside in a differentiation-resistant population. Differentiation therapy to eliminate leukemia-maintaining cells could be a successful treatment for leukemia if the leukemia-maintaining cells were exposed to a differentiation inducer for a long time and at a high dose.

DNA barcode and phylogenetic study of the tribe Desmodieae (Fabaceae) in Korea (한국산 도둑놈의갈고리족(콩과)의 DNA 바코드 및 계통학적 연구)

  • JIN, Dong-Pil;PARK, Jong-Won;PARK, Jong-Soo;CHOI, Byoung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.224-239
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    • 2019
  • Species identification for the Korean tribe Desmodieae was conducted using the DNA barcoding genes rbcL, matK (from chloroplast DNA) and ITS (from nuclear ribosomal DNA). A total of 25 taxa (n = 75) in five genera were sequenced, and neighbor-joining trees were constructed using different combinations of DNA barcodes. When comparing these phylogenetic trees, a tree with all loci combined (rbcL + matK + ITS) showed the highest rate of identification success (72%). On this tree, two subtribes and five genera within the tribe were supported as monophyletic. In the Desmodiinae clade, Desmodium and Hylodesmum were more closely related to each other than to Ohwia. In the Hylodesmum clade, H. oldhamii was found to be a sister to H. podocarpum complex, and all taxa within the complex were identified successfully. Subsp. fallax, regarded as a variety of subsp. oxyphyllum, is closely clustered with subsp. podocarpum. Although var. mandshuricum has been regarded as a synonym of var. oxyphyllum, this taxon is supported as a distinct variety. For the Lespedezinae clade, all species of Kummerowia were monophyletic, while nine of 16 Lespedeza taxa were identified successfully. In particular, the resolution of Macrolespedeza (28.5%) was lower than that of Junceae (77.8%). Among the Lespedeza taxa, L. cuneata was distinguishable from L. lichiyuniae, despite morphological similarities. It has been suggested that both L. maritima and L. inschanica are hybrids. The former is thought to be an independent species. While it is difficult to determine whether the latter originated via hybridization, this study showed that it is closely related to L. juncea.

Growing Environment Characteristics and Vegetation Structure of Lonicera harae, Medicinal Plant (약용식물 길마가지나무 자생지의 생육환경특성과 식생구조)

  • Son, Yonghwan;Park, Sunghyuk;Jeong, Daehui;Cho, Hyejung;Son, Hojun;Jeon, Kwonseok
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.297-310
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    • 2021
  • Lonicera harae is a species of shrub in the Caprifoliaceae family, mostly distributed in East asia. So far, the related research on the genus of Lonicera is insufficient compared to the Lonicera japonica belonging to the same genus, which requires attention to domestic native plants. Therefore, this study aims to provide baseline data for cultivation and utilization through the growth environment and vegetation structure of the natural habitat. Lonicera harae, which plant found throughout the Korean Peninsula. The natural habitats of Lonicera harae is the forest, valley and lowland areas of the southern region. study examined 24 quadrats in 11 regions, including Gwangju, Wanju and Namhae. As a result, environmental condition of Lonicera harae was 8 to 483 m above sea level, normally distributed over 173 m, Slope was 5 to 25 degree with 8.5 degree on average. The list of plants were classified as a total of 229 taxa comprising 80 families, 166 genus, 198 species, 3 subspecies, 24 varieties, 4 forma. As a result of the clustering analysis, the three clusters were divided into three groups; Robinia pseudoacacia, Zelkova serrata, Larix kaempferi. Species diversity was 1.399 and Dominance and Evenness were found to be 0.978 and 0.022 respectively.

A Study on the Flora of Outstanding Forest Wetlands in the Eastern Part of Jeonnam Province (전남 동부지역 우량 산림습원의 관속식물상)

  • Lee, Jong-Won;An, Jong Bin;Kang, Shin-Ho;Yun, Ho-Geun
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.134-167
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    • 2022
  • This study conducted monitoring of flora and vegetation in order to utilize basic data for forest wetland conservation targeting outstanding forest wetlands located in the eastern part of Jeonnam Province. The survey was carried out for a total of 54 times from May 2020 to October 2020, 1-2 times each for each season. The vascular plants of outstanding forest wetland in eastern Jeollanam-do were 93 families, 251 genera, 336 species, 5 subspecies, 47 varieties, 7 forma, and a total of 395 taxa. This was about 8.5% of 4,641 species of vascular plants in Korea Peninsula. A total of 8 taxa and 12 taxa were identified Korea endemic plants and rare plants respectively. A total of 68 taxa and 19 taxa of floristic target plants and invasive alien plants were classified each. the naturalized Index was 4.83% and the urbanized Index was 5.90%. As a result of the analysis by wetland type of the forest wetlands, obligate upland plants were the highest in the forest wetlands in the eastern Jeonnam province (61.4%), with unclassified wetland plants 19.1%, facultative wetland plants 8.2%, and obligate wetland plants 4.6%, facultative upland plants 4.5%, and facultative plants 2.3% were confirmed in the order.

Analysis of Change in Flora and Vegetation in the Research Sites before and after the Forest Road Construction in Minjujisan in Korea - Focused on the Forest Road at Jeollabuk-do Muju-gun Seolcheon-myeon Micheon-ri Minjujisan Area - (임도 개설 전·후 식물상 및 식생 변화 분석 - 전북 무주군 설천면 미천리 민주지산 임도를 중심으로 -)

  • Hyoun-Sook Kim;Joon-Woo Lee;Sang-Myong Lee
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.367-391
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    • 2023
  • This study was conducted for 10 years from 2012, which is a year before the forest road construction in Minjujisan, to 2022 to analyze annual changes in flora and vegetation before and after the forest road construction and to provide strategies for management. The plant communities in the research sites along the forest road showed the differentiation between slopes with Quercus mongolica community on the northwestern slope and Quercus variabilis and Larix kaempferi communities on the southwestern slope. A total of 212 taxa have increased for number 7 between before and after the construction from a total of 66 taxa (44 families, 59 genera, 51 species, 13 varieties, and 2 forma) in 2012 and 207 taxa (71 families, 153 genera, 176 species, 27 varieties, and 4 forma) in 2015 to 278 taxa (78 families, 172 genera, 242 species, 1 subspecies, 31 varieties, and 4 forma) in 2022. It is noteworthy that the vegetation cover and the introduction of new taxa had been expanded in the sites adjacent to the construction, which is likely caused by the significantly increased amount of light and the introduction of annual herbaceous and naturalized plants after the construction. The results of 10 years of current study reveal that the vegetation cover and the number of new taxa had rapidly increased in earlier years after the construction, slowly decreased later on, and finally formed a stable forest with the increase in the ratio of dominant species. The vegetation cover of the herbaceous layer immediately increased on the slopes along the forest road for a few years after the construction although it had continuously decreased while that of the shrub layer quickly increased. It was shown that on the hillslope the vegetation cover of tall- and low-tree layers increased whereas that of herbaceous and shrub layers rapidly decreased.

The Analysis of the Ecological Characteristics of the Major Wetland Types in Seoul (서울시 주요 습지유형별 생태적 특성 분석)

  • 이경재;권전오;이수동
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.44-55
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    • 2003
  • The wetland in the city could be mainly divided into the deep water type and the abandoned paddy type, so this study was conducted to analyze characteristics between the two types of the wetland. The former sample site was located near the Olympic village in Songpa-gu of Seoul, and the latter sample site was in front of the Mt. Bukhan fortress in Eunpyeong-gu of Seoul. The actual vegetation, vascular plants, and avian fauna were researched. In the actual vegetation, the deep water type had the broad surface of water and the emerged plant as Phragmites communis have grown widely, but the abandoned paddy type had the narrow sur-face of water and hydrophyte as Persicaria thunbergii have grown widely. It might be judged because the water depth of the abandoned paddy type were shallow wholly. And the floating-leaved plants and the free-floating planktonic plants were not observed such as Nymphaea tetragona var. angusta, Lemna paucicostata in the abandoned paddy type wetland. The wild birds were mainly observed at the edge of the wetland(at the edge of woodland) in the abandoned paddy type, but were observed equally in the deep water type. 28 families 433 species were observed at the former site and 32 families 365 species were observed at latter site. It was judged that the various topographical structure(habitat diversity) might make all items various.