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http://dx.doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2010.43.4.364

Outcome of the Modified Norwood Procedure: 7 Years of Experience from a Single Institution  

Kim, Hyung-Tae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Sung, Si-Chan (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Kim, Si-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Bae, Mi-Ju (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Lee, Hyoung-Doo (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Park, Ji-Ae (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Chang, Yun-Hee (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Chest Surgery / v.43, no.4, 2010 , pp. 364-374 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: We assessed the early and mid-term results of the modified Norwood procedure for first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and its variants to identify the risk factors for hospital mortality. Material and Method: Between March, 2003, and December, 2009, 23 patients (18 males and 5 females) with HLHS or variants underwent the modified Norwood procedure. The age at operation ranged from 3 to 60 days (mean, $11.7{\pm}13.2days$) and weight at operation ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 kg (mean, $3.17{\pm}0.52kg$). We used a modified technique that spared the anterior wall of the main pulmonary artery in 20 patients. The sources of pulmonary blood flow were RV-PA conduit in 15 patients (group I) and RMBTS in 8 (group II). Follow-up was completed in 19 patients (19/20, 95%) in our hospital (mean $26.0{\pm}22.8months$). Result: Early death occurred in 3 patients (3/23, 13%), of whom 2 had TAPVC. Fourteen patients underwent subsequent bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC, stage 2) and seven underwent the Fontan operation (stage 3). Three patients died between stages, 2 before stage 2 and one before stage 3. The estimated 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 78% and 69%, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, aberrant right subclavian artery (RSCA) and associated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) were risk factors for hospital mortality after stage 1 Norwood procedure. Conclusion: HLHS and its variants can be palliated by the modified Norwood procedure with low operative mortality. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection adversely affects the survival after a stage 1 Norwood procedure, and interstage mortality rates need to be improved.
Keywords
Congenital heart disease (CHD); Hypoplastic left heart disease; Norwood procedure;
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