• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Morphological and genetic variation of Cottus populations in Korea were compared to each other in the watershed. Morphological variation was analyzed by meristic and morphometric characters, and by fertilized egg sizes. Genetic variation was assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. Cottus koreanus populations of rivers and streams running towards the eastern coasts of the Korean Peninsula were significantly different in morphometric characters from populations in rivers and streams running towards the western and southern coasts of the Korean Peninsula, but did not differ in meristric characters and fertilized egg sizes. Cottus populations in the upper streams-Yangyangnamadae Stream, Jusu Stream and Samcheogosip Stream-were the same in meristic and genetic characters. However, the Cottus sp. population from Baebong Stream is related to C. hangiongensis in meristic characteristics and to C. koreanus in the morphometric characteristics of length of the ventral fin ray and in the fertilized egg size. Pairwise genetic distances assessed by the AFLP method among C. koreanus populations were in the range of 0.110 to 0.221. Genetic distances between C. hangiongensis and C. koreanus populations varied from 0.542 to 0.621, and those between the Cottus sp. population of Baebong Stream and C. koreanus populations from 0.222 to 0.304. The result of the UPGMA dendrogram shows the Cottus sp. population of Baebong Stream was clearly separated of other C. koreanus populations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

We investigated the influence of carcass traits on carcass price for Hanwoo cow using multiple regression and path analyses. Data for carcass traits and price were collected on mature Hanwoo cow raised in private farms in Kangwon province that were slaughtered in 2008. A total of 96 animals with the average slaughter age of 51 months were used in the current study. Of the carcass traits studied, marbling score (MAR), dressing percentage (DP), and eye-muscle area (EMA) showed moderate and positive correlations with auction price (AP), while correlation coefficients of meat yield index (MINDEX) with AP were low or even negligible. In multiple regression analyses of AP and carcass price (CP) on cold carcass weight (CWT), back fat thickness (BFT), EMA, MAR, and DP, estimates of $R^2$ were 69.86 and 85.43%, respectively. Partial regression coefficients for CWT, BFT, EMA, MAR and DP were -0.028, -0.106, 0.107, 0.814, and 0.075 in the equation of AP and 0.561, -0.060, 0.083, 0.590, and 0.051 in the equation of CP. In path analyses, MAR's total contribution on the variation of AP was largest (0.667), and the total contributions of MAR and CWT on the variation of CP were 0.403 and 0.397. The current study suggested that marbling was the most influential trait on the variation of auction price, and marbling and cold carcass weight were critical traits on the variation of carcass price.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine sequences of the mt DNA D-loop region, including $tRNA^{Pro}$ and $tRNA^{Pre}$ and to analysis sequence variation polymorphism in Korean cattle. The resulting sequencies were compared with previously published sequences for other cattle breeds(GenBank J01394). The PCR was used to amplify an 1142bp between nucleotides 15061 and 404 within the D-loop region of mt DNA using specific primers. Korean cattle showed 24 polymorphic sites by nucleotide substitutions and insertions of single base pairs. About 50% of polymorphic sites were found in positions 16042 to 16122 with the most variable region. Among these polymorphic sites, variations at 16055, 16230 and 16260 bp were detected as new sequence variants in Korean cattle. These specific polymorphic sites have not been reported in the Japanese black cattle and European cattle. Therefore, mt DNA variants in the D-loop region may be used as genetic markers for specifying Korean cattle. The frequencies of positions 169, 16302, 16093, 16042, 16119 with a high level of sequence polymorphism were 0.81, 0.56, 0.56, 0.50 and 0.43, respectively. In comparison of genetic distances, Korean cattle showed the more closely to European cattle as Bos taurus than Bos indicus such as African and India breeds. In conclusion, these mt DNA sequence polymorphisms in the D-loop region for Korean cattle may be useful for the analysis of cytoplasmic genetic variation and associations with economic important traits and genetic analysis of maternal lineage.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.473-496
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• 2014

This paper intends to test the non-linear relationship between $CO_2$ emissions and income by employing cointegration model of the time-varying income elasticity. We select France, UK, Italy, Japan, US, China, India, Mexico and Korea and use non-parametric time series analysis on each country in order to estimate its own effect of income on $CO_2$ emission. The main results indicate that the $CO_2$ emission-income elasticities vary over time and the income elasticities of the Annex I countries tend to be higher in absolute terms than those of developing countries. In addition, we find that emission-income elasticities decrease for Annex I countries over time, whereas those for developing countries increase.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1421-1431
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• 2005

There are two methods in 3-D sound reproduction: a surround system, like 3.1 channel method and a binaural system using 2-channel method. The binaural system utilizes the sound localization principle of a human using two ears. Generally, a crosstalk between each channel of 2-channel loudspeaker system should be canceled to produce a natural 3-D sound. To solve this problem, it is necessary to trace a head movement. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to correctly trace the head movement of a listener. The Proposed algorithm is based on the detection of face and eye. The face detection uses the intensity of an image and the position of eyes is detected by a mathematical morphology. When the head of the listener moves, length of borderline between face area and eyes may change. We use this information to the tracking of head movement. A computer simulation results show That head movement is effectively estimated within +10 margin of error using the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2012

Currently, the majority of systems which are non-linear are in need of the correct system equations for controlling and monitoring. Therefore, the correct estimation of parameters is crucial. Generally, parameters are changed due to system deterioration or sudden environmental alterations. Given the limitations of system monitoring unstable controls can arise. In the following paper, the parameter estimation method is proposed using software filters to combat these system instabilities. For dynamic instances, a powerful particle filter is used to control the nonlinear and noisy environments in which they take place. Using a setup simulation comprised of a slider and pendulum, the state variable of noise is obtained. After collecting the data, the proposed algorithm is used to estimate both the state variable and its parameters. Finally, these results are checked with correct parameter estimations to evaluate and verify the algorithms performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.12
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• pp.1245-1255
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• 2012

There are various anti-jamming algorithms for the GNSS system which is vulnerable to jamming, and the methods using array antenna show the best performance. Among them, the DOA estimation algorithms to identify the location of the jammer is very important. However, in case of the rotorcraft, the wireless channel which amplitude and phase changes with time is generated by the rotation of the rotor and it affects the performance of existing anti-jamming algorithms. In this paper, we modeled the effect of the rotor in four scenarios according to the correlation of antennas and assured that the performance of DOA estimation algorithms are degraded and saturated regardless of JNR due to the rotor effect. When we use the averaging method to solve this problem, the performance is improved as increasing samples for estimating. And in case of using moving average method with averaging, it shows similar performance. In addition, it reduces the required memory and moderates the variation of DOA estimation.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.495-508
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• 2005

Moving objects are spatiotemporal data that change their location or shape continuously over time. Their location coordinates are periodically measured and stored i3l the application systems. The linear function is mainly used to estimate the location information that is not in the system at the query time point. However, a new method is needed to improve uncertainties of the location representation, because the location estimation by linear function induces the estimation error. This paper proposes an application method of the cubic spline interpolation in order to reduce deviation of the location estimation by linear function. First, we define location information of the moving object on the two-dimensional space. Next, we apply the cubic spline interpolation to location estimation of the proposed data model and describe algorithm of the estimation operation. Finally, the precision of this estimation operation model is experimented. The experimentation comes out more accurate results than the method by linear function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 1995

이 논문의 목적은 선박교통관제 시스템(VTS)을 도입할 경우, 이 시스템을 통하여 예방 가능한 해난사고가 어느 정도인지를 계량화 하여 q고자 하는 것이다. 기존의 연구에서는 전문가의 의견을 종합하는 방법이나 해난의 통계적 분석 방법중 하나를 이용하여 그 효과를 추정하였으나, 이 연구에서는 이들 두가지 방법을 동시에 고려한 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서 새로이 제안한 방법을 이용하여 한국 연안에 VTS를 도입하였을 경우의 효과를 추정해 본 바, 전체적으로 보아 약 46퍼센트의 해난을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. 또한 이 방법을 이용하면 해난사고 종류별 예방 효과, 원인 요소 그룹별 효과 및 각 해역별 효과를 손쉽게 구할 수가 있다. 마지막 중요 변수의 병화에 따라 전체적인 결과가 어떻게 변하는지를 알아보기 위해 민감도 분석을 실시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.522-527
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• 2005

We need a transmission of high quality and capacity according to a fast supply of mobile communication terminal. As multipath fading occured in high speed transmission, adaptive array antenna habe been studied to solve such a demand. DOA(Direction of Arrival) estimation play a important .ole in adaptive a..ay antenna. This paper present a space time blind identification using second order statistics and present blind space time adaptive array antenna. Also we verified a effect of the presented method.