• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.654-659
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• 2009

"Cheongcheongjinmi" is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iri401 and Ilpumbyeo by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. This variety is suitable for ordinary season culture of low level nitrogen application. Heading date of "Cheongcheongjinmi" is August 17, 4 days later than that of Sobibyeo in plain areas. It has culm length of 82 cm, and relatively semi-erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm tolerant to lodging with good canopy architecture. This variety has 13 tillers per hill, 126 spikelets per panicle and 90.2% of ripened grains. "Cheongcheongjinmi" showed lower spikelet fertility than Sobibyeo when exposed to cold stress. This variety showed slower leaf senescence and lower viviparous germination compared to Sobibyeo during the ripening stage. "Cheongcheongjinmi" is susceptible to blast disease, bacterial blight, virus diseases and planthoppers. The dried plant weight, total nitrogen and RuBisCO activity of "Cheongcheongjinmi" were higher than those of Sobibyeo in low level nitrogen application. The milled rice of "Cheongcheongjinmi" exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows lower protein and amylose contents than those of Sobibyeo, and better palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this cultivar is about 5.10 MT/ha at low level nitrogen application of ordinary season culture in local adaptability test for three years. Especially, "Cheongcheongjinmi" has better milling properties such as the percentage of whole grain in milled rice and milling recovery of whole grain, respectively than those of Sobibyeo. "Cheongcheongjinmi" would be adaptable to middle plain areas and middle-western coastal areas of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

The levels of polyamines were measured to investigate the alternative nitrogen metabolism during maturation and sprouting in rice. The rice plants (cv. Ansanbyeo) were cultivated in 20-year-old non-fertilized field. The flag leaves and spikes were collected weekly after the earing stage and the seeds were harvested daily after lodging. Free, bound, and conjugated polyamines were analyzed using reverse phase HPLC. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine and tyramine were the major amines found in rice. The level of stress-induced amine, putrescine increased during the preharvest sprouting confirming that the process was a stress to the plants. With all other polyamines, tyramine in free form decreased in flag leaves and panicles during seed maturation. However, agmatine in bound form showed a noticeable increase about 8-fold during 6 weeks period of maturation after which it declined to the bottom level. Among the individual amines, tyramine and spermine in conjugated form showed a marked change during matutation and sprouting. Interestingly, the level of tyramine with all conjugated polyamine decreased in spikes during seed maturation and increased during preharvest sprouting implying that tyrosine decarboxyation and conjugation to phenolic acids may play a key role in preharvest sprouting. Spermine in conjugated form was synthesized only at the early earing stage in the level of $3.4mole\;g^{-1}$ fresh weight, and then decreased to the level of nmole during maturation. Thereafter, it dramatically increased to 2.8 mole during preharvest sprouting. In this study we found the tyramine is a major amine in rice, and it would play a critical role in N-assimilation during seed maturation and sprouting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 1987

Rough rice samples of four rice varieties were collected from twenty five locations through the country just after 1986 rice growing season. Various characteristics related to rice grain quality were observed to clarify the degree of locational variation of physico-chemical properties, and cooking and eating quality of rice grains. Grain weight, grain shape, degree of translucency and chalkiness of rice grain, amylogram properties of rice flour, water uptake during cooking, and cooked rice appearance were different between varieties tested. High degree of locational variation were found in following characteristics, degree of translucency and chalkiness of rice grain, water uptake during cooking, cooked rice appearance and amylogram properties. Eating quality of cooked rice indicated by sensory score showed different tendency of locational variation between rice varie-ties tested, and locations produced rice grains showing better eating quality were not coinside with among varieties tested. Grain weight, degree of translucency and chalkiness of rice grain, and cooked rice appearance of rice samples showing better eating quality were quite different to rice grains showing poor eating quality. Rice having better eating quality of a japonica variety, Chucheong, showed higher value of peak and final viscosity, viscosity after cooling, consistency and set back on amylograph compared with those of poor eating quality rices, and break down value of better rice was lower than that of poor rice. However, a Tongil type variety, Taebaek, did not show any consistent difference between better and poor rices. Rice samples from six locations in Chucheong and four locations in Taebaek showed special properties on amylogram compared with other rices collected in this study.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.640-644
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• 2009

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Sohwang" was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. "Sohwang" was selected from a cross between Pungsan and Pungsan/Nattosan. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 58 were carried out from 2004 to 2008. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, Yellow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (8.5 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Sohwang" is 10 days earlier than the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Sohwang" have high isoflavone ($3,041{\mu}g/g$)contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N), and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. Especially, "Sohwang" has useful characteristics, such as lodging and shattering resistance. The average yield of "Sohwang" was 2.69 ton per hectare in the carried out for three years from 2006 to 2008 regional yield trials(RYT) for double cropping.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.611-615
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• 2011

'Manjong' is a new japonica rice cultivar developed in 2009 derived from a cross between 'Yeongdeog34' and 'Nampyeongbyeo' at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA. This cultivar is suitable for the double cropping system after the cash crop cultivation. Heading date of 'Manjong' is later than 'Keumobyeo' under the late transplanting cultivation on July 10. It has high grain fertility under cold conditions and low premature heading. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this variety is its resistance to major diseases like leaf blast and rice stripe virus disease. However, it shows susceptibility to major insect pests and bacterial blight disease. Milled rice kernels are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and have 7.2% protein and 18.7% amylose contents. Ripening ratio and head rice ratio is very higher than those of 'Keumobyeo'. The palatability of cooked rice is also better than 'Keumobyeo'. The milled rice yield of 'Manjong' in local adaptability tests after harvest of the cash crop is $4.81MT\;ha^{-1}$. This cultivar is suitable for planting in the plain paddy fields of Honam and Yeonnam regions in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2011

'Cheongdam' is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between SR19200-HB826-34, a line of good germination ability and shoot emergence at low temperature and Juanbyeo, good quality and direct-seeding adaptable cultivar by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2006. This variety has 153 days of total growth duration from seeding to maturity in direct-seeding, and 160 days of growth duration from seeding to maturity in transplanting. This is erect plant type with culm length of 74 cm, thick culm, and green leaves. It has large panicle shape with 126 and 140 spikelets per panicle in direct-seeding and transplanting, respectively. Milled rice is transluscent and medium in grain size of non-glutinous endosperm. This variety is susceptible to leaf and neck blast, bacterial blight, stripe virus disease and brown planthopper. The yield potential of 'Cheongdam' is 5.84 MT/ha at ordinary transplanting culture and 5.62 MT/ha and 5.89 MT/ha at wet direct-seeding and dry direct-seeding cultures, respectively in the local adaptability test for three years. 'Cheongdam' would be adaptable to middle and southern plain of Korea for direct-seeding culture and transplanting rice culture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 1992

Growth characters of dry seeded paddy rice was studied at different levels of nitrogen(N) split application (basal : immediately after irrigation : 2 weeks after irrigation: 25 days before heading: heading stage with 10 : 20 : 30 : 20 : 20%, 20 : 30 : 20 : 20 : 10%, 30 : 40 : 0 : 20 : 10%, and 100% basal of slow release urea) in tillage and no-tillage systems. On May 17 in 1990, 6kg /10a of dry seeds of a breeding line of Milyang 95 was broadcasted and covered with a power tiller. Between tillage and no-tillage systems yield and its components, lodging related characteristics, and contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of culm base were similar. Leaf area index at heading stage was higher in tillage, but lodging index was lower compared with those in no-tillage plot. Culm length, effective tiller ratio, culm base weight, 1000-grain weight, harvest index in slow release N applied plot were higher compared with those in other N treatments. Grain yield of rice among levels of N split applications was similar in tillage, but it was higher in slow release N applied plot in no-tillage if 1kg /10a of additional N was applied as urea at panicle formation stage. At early growth stage N concentration and N uptake were lower in the slow release N applied plot, but higher after heading stage compared with other N treatments. The number of tillers was lowest in slow release N applied plot during the tillering stage, but the number of panicles per hill was similar to other N treatments.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.635-639
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• 2009

A new peanut variety "Pungan"(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS(National Institute of Crop Science), in Milyang in 2008. It was developed from the cross between the high-yielding cultivar "Saedl" and the very short stem cultivar "Satonoka". "Pungan", a Virginia palnt type, has 20 branches with long ellipseshaped large grains. The 100 grain weight was 88 g, 7 g heavier than the check variety Daekwang. This variety is more resistant to late leaf spot and web blotch compared to Daekwang, a check variety. Moreover, it is lodging resistant owing to its short stem. "Pungsan" outyielded the check variety by 16% with 4.67 MT/ha in regional yield trials.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.1 s.106
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• pp.112-121
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• 2004

A study was performed to examine the effects of UV-disinfected reclaimed water on microorganism concentration during rice culture. Four treatments were used and each one was triplicated to evaluate the changes of microorganism concentrations: stream water irrigation (STR), biofilter effluent irrigation (BE), UV-disinfected water irrigation with dose of 6 mW ${\cdot}$ s $cm{-2}$ (UV-6), and UV-disinfected water irrigation with dose of 16 mW ${\cdot}$ s $cm{-2}$ (UV-16). The indicator microorganisms of interest were total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli. The biofilter effluent from 16-unit apartment sewage treatment plant was used as reclaimed water and flowthrough type UV-disinfection system was used. Concentrations of indicator microorganisms in the treatment plots ranged from $10^2$ to $10^5$ MPN/100 mL during 24 hours after irrigation in May and June, where initial irrigation water for transplanting reparation was biofilter-effluent without UV-disinfection. It implies that initial irrigation using only non-disinfected reclaimed water for puddling in paddy field can be health-concerned because of more chance of farmer's physical contact with elevated concentration of microorganisms. The concentrations of microorganisms varied widely with rainfall, and treatments using UV-disinfected water irrigation showed significantly lower concentrations than others and their levels were within the range of paddy rice field with normal surface water irrigation. The mean concentrations of STR and BE during growing season were in the range of 4 ${\times}\;10^3$ MPN/100 mL for TC, and 2${\times}\;10^3$ MPN/100 mL for FC and E, Coli, While mean concentrations of UV-S and UV-lS were less than 1${\times}\;10^3$ MPN/100 mL for all the indicator microorganisms. Overall, UV-disinfection was thought to be feasible and practical alternative for agricultural reuse of secondary level effluent in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2004

This study was performed to assess the influences of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the rice growth and nutrient behavior in soil under two different drainage comditions. Soils of paddy field were Jeonbuk and Gangseo series, and drainage conditions of the soils were imperfectly drained and moderate well drained, respectively, Application of LPM was based on nitrogen, and the treatments included 110 (LPM-N100%), 165 (LPM-N150%) and $220(LPM-N200%)kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. In the LPM-N150% treatment, rice growth and yield were similar to the control treatment of conventional chemical fertilizer application. Rice yield of moderately well drainedfield were 3-11% higher than that of imperfectly drained field. Loss of nitrogen through $NH_3$ gas after application of LPM was higher in no plowing than in rotary plowing field. Losses of $NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$, $SO_4$, Ca and K through runoff water were increased as the amount of LPM application increased. Losses of $NO_3-N$ and K through infiltration were higher in LPM-150% and LPM-N200% treatments compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of $NO_3-N$ in infiltration water measured from trasplanting to tillering stage was higher at the moderately well drained condition than imperfectly drained condition. Contents of $P_2O_5$ and K in soil were accumulated by application of LPM compared to the chemical fertilizer plot.