• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictor associated transitions with each stage of smoking cessation based on the Transtheoretical Model, and to provide basic data for smoking cessation programs for adolescents. Methods : The participants were 297 current and former smokers, obtained from stratified random sampling of 2nd graders from 127 high schools in B cities. The data were collected between April 6th and 16th 2002, using a structured self-report questionnaire, and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression, with the SPSS program for Windows (Version 10.0). Results : The predictors of transition from precontemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising (OR=1.22, 95% CI:1.07-1.40), coping pros (OR=.84, 95% CI:.70-1.00) and attitude of parents to smoking (OR=2.97,95% Cl: 94-9.24). The predictors of transition from contemplation to preparation were helping relationships (OR=.83, 95% CI:.72-.96), self-liberation (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 99-1.33) and nicotine dependence (OR=.76, 95% CI: 56-1.03). The only predictor of transition from preparation to action was the social pros (OR=.66, 95% CI:.57-.82). The predictors of transition from action to maintenance were self-reevaluation (OR=.81, 95% CI:.71-.92) and negative affective situation (OR=.85, 95% CI:.72-1.00). Conclusion : Adequate examination on the factors for predicting the transitional stages of change for smoking cessation in Koreans are presented in this study. The results of this study will become the pillar of smoking cessation Planning and application programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to investigate factors affecting preparation stage to quit smoking in men. Methods: Based on data from the Community Health Survey conducted in Chungbuk Province in 2008, we estimated rates and odds ratio (OR) of smoking cessation intention for 2,639 men who were current smokers. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting preparation stage to quit smoking. Results: Among current male smokers, the rate of smoking cessation intention was 17.1%. The OR of factors affecting smoking cessation was as follows: Compared to men with middle school education, the OR for rate of smoking cessation intention in men with high school education was 1.47 (p=.018), and for college or higher, 1.55 (p=.017). Compared to being single, the OR for cohabitation after marriage was 1.61 (p=.011) and living alone after marriage, 2.23 (p=.005). The OR for attempt to quit smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke and participation in smoking education were 6.80 (p<.001), 1.32 (p=.020) and 1.69 (p=.005), respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study show that it is necessary to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and to increase participation in smoking cessation education targeting current smokers to move them from precontemplation or contemplation stage to preparation stage.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study was to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stages of change in exercise behavior based on the Transtheoretical Model(TTM) in obese adolescents. A random sample of 517 obese adolescents was recruited in Pusan. The data were collected from June 15 to 30, 2004. The research instruments were Stages of Change for Exercise Behavior, Process of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-Efficacy. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA using SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The results of this study were as follows 1. The subjects were distributed in each stage of exercise behavior: There were 255 subjects($49.3\%$) in the contemplation stage, 131 subjects($25.3\%$) in the preparation stage, 52 subjects($10.1\%$) in the maintenance stage, 41 subjects($7.9\%$) in the action stage, and 38 subjects($7.4\%$) in the precontemplation stage. 2. Analysis of variance showed that cognitive process (F=13.57, p=.000), behavioral process(F=17.23, p=.000), decisional balance pros(F=11.95, p=.000), and self efficacy(F=12.52, p=.000) were significantly associated with the stages of exercise behavior change, but decisional balance cons(F=2.87, p=.023) was not significantly associated with the stages of exercise behavior change. This study can provide useful information for developing effective exercise behavior program considering obese adolescents' stages of change according t'.t the TTM.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.136-147
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• 2013

Purpose: This study developed a program to facilitate evidence-based practice (EBP) in one nursing organization, and identifies the effects of the program on the nurses' EBP facilitators. Methods: The program was based on the Transtheoretical Model of stages of organizational change, a literature review, the cases of hospitals overseas, and a prior study. To identify the effects of the program, a one-group pretest-posttest study was conducted with 45 nurses who participated in the EBP implementation. Results: The program consisted of EBP educational sessions, consultations with academic nursing faculty and clinical EBP mentors, and support from the administration and relevant departments. After the EBP program, there was a statistically significant difference in belief in the value of EBP between the pretest and the posttest (t=2.31, p=.026). However, no significant differences were found between the pretest and the posttest for organizational support to develop EBP (t=0.62, p=.537), skills in locating and evaluating research reports (s=-1.00, p=.987), knowledge of research language and skills (s=-1.00, p=.986), and time to devote to EBP (s=-23.00, p=.711). Conclusion: The findings provide important data that can be used to develop and implement strategies for enhancing EBP in clinical settings in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.362-371
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior change based on a Transtheoretical Model in middle aged women. Method: The subjects consisted of 317 women by convenience sampling residing in city B. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Discriminant analysis by SPSS/WIN program. Result: The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of exercise behaviors: 53 subjects (16.7%) in the precontemplation stage, 86 subjects (27.1%) in the contemplation stage, 88 subjects (27.8%) in the preparation stage, 51 subjects (16.1%) in the action stage and 39 subjects(12.3%) in the maintenance stage. Analysis of variance showed that consciousness raising (F=24.96, p=.00), environmental reevaluation (F=7.l3, p=.00), self reevaluation (F=19.47, p=.00), dramatic relief (F=15.22, p=.00), social liberation (F=4.26, p=.00), counter conditioning (F=26.44, p=.00), a helping relationship (F=13.l7, p=.00), reinforcement management (F=21.25, p=.00), self liberation (F=27.70, p=.00), stimulus control (F=13.49, p=.00), pros (F=14.40, p=.00) and self-efficacy (F=39.9l, p=.00) were significantly associated with the stages of change of exercise behaviors. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that ‘stimulus control’ was the most influential variable in discriminating the five stages of change. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of a staged matching exercise program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

This study is a descriptive research attempted to examine the exercise practice of junior high school students and figure out their changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy according to the exercise practice so that they can be utilized as fundamental data for developing exercise intervention programs for junior high school students. The study subjects were students from five junior high schools in B City. Total 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 554 responded ones were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0. According to the results of analyzing the subjects with the exercise changing stage tool, exercise non-practice group including the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, and preparation stage occupies 57.6% while the exercise practice group including the action stage and maintenance stage consists of 42.4%. And according to the results of discriminating analysis setting total 10 factors of transtheoretical model variables as predictive factors to predict each group based on whether they practice exercise or not, it was found out that the subordinate factors of the changing process, consciousness-raising (F=33.98, p=.000), self-cognitive decision (F=21.55, p=.000), contrary condition provision (F=84.67, p=.000), helping relationship (F=28.52, p=.000), reinforced thinking (F=14.15, p=.000), and stimulus control (F=54.64, p=.000), and the subordinate factors of the decision-making balance, beneficial factors (F=15.65, p= .000) and hindering factors (F=8.58, p=.004), and self-efficacy (F=78.60. p=.000) were significant predictive factors and discriminating variables. Based on the research findings above, it will be necessary to develop exercise intervention programs sufficiently reflecting the changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy suitably for the subjects and make strategies to encourage their active participation and exercise maintenance, through verifying transtheoretical model variables according to whether the junior high school students practice exercise or not.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. Methods: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.64, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=3.75, p=.007) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the intention of smoking and its related factors in high school students. Methods: Our study subjects were 1,203 high school students who resided in one city and in one county region. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from June 7 to June 19, 2004. Both the decisional balance and temptation inventory showed high reliability estimates. We provided good fit for the 12-item decisional balance inventory and the 10-item temptation inventory by using a confirmatory factor analysis. We also used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the major contributing factors for the intention to start smoking. Results: On the univariate analysis, the subjects who were female, the 2nd and 3rd grade students, the students in vocational high school, the ex-drinkers or current drinkers, and ex-smokers were found to be significantly more distributed in the groups with intention to start smoking. Except for the concept of the cons, the group with intention to start smoking showed significantly higher standardized T scores for the 7 concepts of decisional balance and temptations. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, the females, the 2nd and 3rd grade students, the students in vocational high school, the experience of cigarette smoking and low T score of the cons were significantly related to the intention to start smoking. Conclusions: The intention to start smoking in high school students was affected by various factors such as gender, the school grade and the experience of smoking. Therefore, further research should be conducted for providing the essential data for developing a brief instrument for selecting the groups with intention of starting smoking among adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.250-265
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an app-based self-management program based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for breast cancer survivors' exercise practice, as well as to investigate the program's effects on the stage of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise decisional balance, exercise amount, and body composition. Methods: This non-randomized controlled study included 52 participants (26 in each of the experimental and control groups, respectively). An app-based self-management program based on the TTM was conducted with the experimental group for a 12-week period. The program comprised three components: individual coaching for each stage of change for exercise based on TTM, amount of exercise and body composition monitoring, and online self-help meetings. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher stages of change for exercise (p < .001), exercise self-efficacy (p < .001), exercise decisional balance (p = .002), exercise amount (p < .001), and body composition (body weight [p = .006], body mass index [p = .005], and body fat percentage [p = .010]) immediately and four weeks after the intervention. Conclusion: An app-based self-management program based on the TTM improves exercise behaviors in breast cancer survivors and provides physical benefits.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.3 s.81
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• pp.73-84
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• 2005

Highway design criteria are considering roadway safety and smooth driving maneuver. However, a certain highway alignment within design criteria often leads drivers to undesirable situation due to the differences between the original intention of design criteria and the unintended result of drivers' cognition. The differences between them often result in traffic accidents. In order to reduce accident process, highway safety facilities are installed on those roadway sections. However, the relationship between highway environments and human factors has not been deeply studied in Korea. In this study. vertical roadway sections are constructed with 3-D graphical tools. This vertical roadway sections are simulated on a driving simulator in order to identify the differences of drivers' cognition on different roadway environments. Based upon the collected data from the driving simulator, canonical correlation analysis and canonical discriminant analysis of quantification theory II have been performed in order to figure out impacting factors on the degree of roadway safety. Also, based upon quantification theory I. the relationship between roadway safety facilities and the degree of safety has been analyzed.