• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.134-139
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• 2006

In this paper we present the Low-Power Bus Driven Floorplan(BDF) in which the bus power consumption is minimized by using a new cost function. The previously reported BDF has used the cost function which minimizes only the chid and the bus area. However, such a cost function may not consider the bus power consumption determined by the topology of a bus in case of the segmented bus design. In this paper, we formulate a new cost function which. reflects the communication frequency and the real distance between blocks in a bus to model the bus power consumption. For the Low-Power BDF with the new cost function, the experimental results show the bus power consumption cost is reduced by 11.43% on the average.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.324-332
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• 2005

In general, bus system consumes a very significant portion of power in a chip. Bus splitting can be used to reduce the energy dissipation and to reduce the Propagation delay on the bus by lowering the parasitic load of each bus segment. Data exchange probability distribution between a set of interconnected processing elements affects the average energy dissipation of the splitted bus architectures. In this research, we have developed tree-based bus splitting techniques and design methodologies, as an extension of horizontally aligned bus splitting. We have developed the methodology to select near-optimal bus architectures for low energy dissipation when data exchange probability distribution of a system is given. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques can reduce energy dissipation on the bus by up to 83$\%$.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.665-675
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• 2022

After the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been growing interests in metaverse technology and social use of virtual reality platforms in non-face-to-face environments, but social issues and ethical concerns raised by metaverse have not been sufficiently discussed. In this paper, we discuss the social functions of the metaverse by examining the movie 'Ready Player One', and investigate the ethical problems that may arise in various implementation of metaverse. We identify the potential ethical problems that could occur in the context of metaverse including identity fragmentation, metaverse violence and crime, and mismanagement of personal information. We also propose some promising approaches to tackle these ethical problems ranging over descriptive ethics, normative ethics, and analytical (meta) ethics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.12
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• pp.23-30
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• 1998

We present a partial bus-invert coding scheme for system-level power optimization. In the proposed scheme, we select a sub-group of bus lines involved in bus encoding to avoid unnecessary inversion of bus lines not in the sub-group thereby reducing the total number of bus transitions. We propose a heuristic algorithm that selects the sub-group of bus lines for bus encoding. Experiments on benchmark examples indicate that the partial bus-invert coding reduces the total bus transitions by 62.6% on the average, compared to that of the unencoded patterns. We also compare the performance of the proposed heuristic algorithm with that of simulated annealing, which shows that it is highly efficient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.01a
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• pp.337-339
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• 2023

2025년 메타버스에서 주요 응용시장 전망에 의하면, 헬스케어 1,111억 달러, 제품개발 1,097억 달러, 교육 907억 달러, 프로세스 개선 848억 달러, 유통 622억 달러 규모로 성장할 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 2030년 메타버스 시장은 1조 5429억 달러 규모로 더욱 성장할 것으로 예상 된다. 시장이 커져가며 메타버스는 다양한 기관과 전문가들로부터 다양한 속성이 정의되고 있지만, 메타버스를 실질적으로 개발할 수 있는 기능을 제공하는 메타버스 플랫폼(metaverse platform)은 이러한 주요 속성이 얼마나 잘 적용되고 있는지 현 상황을 연구한다. 전 세계적으로 가장 많은 유저를 보유하고 있는 네이버 제페토와 2022년 9월 론칭하며 게임을 통한 메타버스 구현을 목표로 둔 넥슨의 메이플스토리월드에 메타버스의 주요 속성을 대입한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.66-73
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• 2014

메타버스(metaverse) 개념을 전시공간 구축에 활용한다는 것은 매우 흥미롭고 의미 있는 일이다. 우선 메타버스에는 물리적 전시공간에 담긴 모든 콘텐츠를 담아 낼 수 있다. 물리적 공간의 한계를 넘어 얼마든지 콘텐츠를 담아낼 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 콘텐츠 형태와 구성방식도 전시목적에 따라 얼마든지 자유롭게 구축할 수 있고, 물리적 전시공간 내 매체시스템의 작동에 의해 원하는 사용자에게 콘텐츠로 제공된다. 메타버스 개념의 활용은 전시공간을 풍성하고 스마트하게 하는데 기여한다. 본고에서는 스마트전시공간의 개념과 구축을 위한 기술적 요소에 대해 알아보고, 메타버스의 활용이 전시공간의 스마트화에 어떻게 기능하는가에 대해서 살펴보고, 현재 진행 중에 있는 메타버스 개념 활용 과제의 내용과 의미를 찾아 이 후 과제 수행 방향을 바르게 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

The Purpose of this Paper is to develop a multi-period bus scheduling model, in which a decomposition technique is applied. In general a bus scheduling requires a vast amount of calculation. Thus, a bus scheduling is a very complicated problem even with a single depot and is almost unable to obtain the optimal solution theoretically with many depots. In this paper in order to simplify the problem, the whole operating hours of a day are partitioned into several time periods. In one period, the same headways are maintained. For one period, the bus scheduling is simple and the solution applying the FIFO(First-In, First-Out) Principle is the optimal. However, connection between Periods remains as another scheduling Problem with a reduced problem size. This paper suggests how to connect bus schedules of consecutive periods efficiently, minimizing the operating cost. Through case studies for multiple routes with a single depot, this decomposition technique is proved to be effective practically.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

This study estimated the changes in delays and speeds of vehicles in exclusive bus lane and road when the High Occupancy Vehicles(HOV) use the median bus lane. Synchro simulation tool was used to optimize the traffic signal time on the network and VISSIM was applied to simulate various scenarios. Here, drivers behavior parameters in VISSIM was optimized using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation(SPSA) algorithm in order to represent real traffic condition. Based on the simulation results, the delay in Doan daero was decreased when the volume of HOV in current condition runs on the median bus lane, whereas delay in Doan dongro was increased in all scenarios. The changes in bus speed was not sharply decreased for both study sites, even though the number of HOV increased to 10%. Thus, it could be allowed that the HOV use the median bus lane in Doan dongro and Doan daero. Future research tasks include studying about changes in delay when the HOV use the curb bus lane.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.361-368
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• 2021

Daily life such as society, economy, and culture is fundamentally changing due to COVID-19, and digital transformation based on information technology (IT) such as artificial intelligence, data, and cloud is accelerating. In this study, we focused on the metaverse, which is based on the interaction between the virtual world and the real world, and explored the possibility of using the metaverse-based platform for education. The metaverse-based platform was approached from the perspective of the online education ecosystem, which means that not only online teaching and learning activities but also holistic educational activities such as learning, communication, and empathy are performed within the metaverse. In this metaverse platform, learners can feel the presence of learning, and learning motivation and immersion can be promoted. In addition, it is possible to experience self-directed learning based on the autonomy of spatial movement. Although there are technical and ethical limitations to applying the metaverse platform, it would be preferable to focus more on the interaction between learners in the metaverse world rather than high expectations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.6 s.84
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

Real-time bus arrival information within the Bus Information System (BIS) is an invaluable resource for users that demand accurate and up-to-date bus headway information while waiting at a bus stop. The associated benefits of such a system come in two folds, that is to 1) resolve the psychological uncertainty caused by the lack of real-time bus arrival information and 2) empower the user waiting at bus stops with the ability to reliably coordinate various tasks and errands, such as a quick trip into a convenience store or restroom without fear of missing a bus pick-up. This paper discusses the appropriate methodology with which to measure the economic value of reliable bus arrival information, with particular emphasis on the psychological uncertainty in users associated with the lack of real-time headway information at bus stops. Data regarding bus transit users' willingness to pay for such a service is obtained through questionnaire surveys, and the Contingent Valuation Method is used to analyze and derive the associated economic value. Our findings indicate the monetary value associated with a real-time bus arrival information system is approximately 132.5 won/min at the 0.3 significance level.