• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2010

340 nm UV radiation of $2500\;kJ/m^2$ irradiated a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) specimen used for interior and exterior materials of a car. After the UV irradiation, the black sample surface was changed to gray. Materials on the aged sample were collected and analyzed using GC/MS, but significant materials were not found. Lots of small cracks were found on the aged specimen surface. Whitening phenomenon of the aged sample disappeared by brushing or searing with a fire on the aged surface. After brushing or searing with a fire, small cracks on the surface vanished. Samples before and after the aging, and the treated samples with brush or fire were analyzed using image analyzer, SEM, EDX, and ATR and the results were compared. The vanished whitening phenomenon by brushing or searing was explained with filling the small cracks by polypropylene of TPE.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2010

The influence of noxious corrosive gas, which is the product of fossil fuel, and the acidic descent material, which becomes the reason for such reaction, on wax which protects the cultural assets, and the habitat factor were researched. It could be viewed that corrosion occurred rapidly due to the acidic descent material, which have the long staying on the material, rather than harmful corrosive gas. Also, it could be figured out that such corrosion began from whitening phenomenon of coated wax. As the acidity increased, more whitening phenomenon occurred, and eventually, it could be found out that whitening effect began due to the acidic descent material, corrosive gas and various 0.1 M acid solution, which lead to the exposure of internal metal, and corrosion occurred. The wax with the greatest resistance to the acidity due to its least changing aspect seemed to be Renaissance wax, except sulfuric acid.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acid rain in spraying copper hydroxide 77% wettable power(WP) on leaf surface morphology and crop injury of the garlic(Allium sativum L.). Leaf chlorosis, hooked leaves, wrinkled epidermal cells and increased stomata open of garlic were induced by foliar application of simulated acid rain(SAR). It was become to be severe in application of copper hydroxide solution after application of SAR, but those yield of garlic was not significantly different from the untreated control. Leaf chlorosis was sharply increased above 100 ppm of copper ions. Amount of solved copper ions in copper hydroxide solution was remarkably increased below pH 5.5 and the residue in garlic leaves was significantly increased by application of copper hydroxide solution after spraying SAR compared with application of copper hydroxide solution only. When calcium carbonate was applied together with copper hydroxide leaf chlorosis was less than copper hydroxide only.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2021

In this study, to select suitable shiitake strains in Jangheung region for domestic strains of Lentinula edodes for log cultivation, a total of five different Korean strains(Chunbaegko, Sanjo 303ho, Poongnyunko, Baekhwahyang, Soohyangko) and two Japanese strains (Mori 290, Moriyujiro) were selected and a cultivation test was conducted to select suitable strains. As a result of the yield, Sanjo 303ho produced 40.9 kg, which was superior to 39.2 kg for Mori 290 and 37.7 kg for Moriyujiro. As for the quality characteristics, it was confirmed that Baekhwahyang had a hemispherical shape, and high quality fruit bodies. In conclusion, Sanjo 303ho, which has excellent production, and Baekhwahyang, which is advantageous for producing high-quality shiitake, were selected in Jangheung region for domestic strains.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.471-477
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• 2004

Oldenlandia diffusa is a Chinese medicinal herb with antitumor activity capable of suppressing the growth of some cancer cell lines. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are triterpenoid compounds that exist in Oldenlandia diffusa. Recently, these have been noted for anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepato-protective effects. Application of both plant growth regulators, 2,4-D and kinetin, was found to be essential for the initiation of callus and suspension cells. Leaf blades of Oldenlandia diffusa was transformed into callus on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin, while optimum initiation condition for suspension cells of Oldenlandia diffusa was determined to be 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin. Chromatographic separation of oleanolic acid from its derivatives was achieved using Rexchrom S5-100-ODS column. Analytical conditions for oleanolic acid were determined as follows: flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, UV length at 200 nm and mobile phase of $80\%$ acetonitrile and $20\%$ water. Production of secondary metabolites was found to be increased by the treatment with elicitors or signal transducers. The maximum production of oleanolic acid was 99.6 mg/L in cultures with 0.5 mM salicylic acid. It is 1.74 times higher than that of control.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.1 s.53
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Photosynthetic rates and leaf bleaching were measured under light of far-red, red, orange, green, blue and white in order to clarify the effect of light qualities on photosynthesis in Panax species, P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium. Photosynthetic rate of P. ginseng and P. quinquifolium showed higher in the order under the light of red > orange > blue > white > green. Degree of leaf bleaching in P. quinquifolium showed severer in the order under the light of far-red > red > white > blue > orange > green. These suggest that shading material with blue or orange color is good for ginseng growth. As for the effect of temperature, the photosynthesis was increased with increasing temperature untill $25^{\circ}C$ and thereafter decreased. Therefore, it was clarified that the optimum temperature for photosynthesis of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium was $25^{\circ}C$. And the dark respiration rate of ginseng leaf also increased with increasing air temperature. Especially, the dark respiration rate increased by $80\%$ for P. ginseng and by $73\%$ for P.quinquefolium at above $30^{\circ}C$ as compared with $25^{\circ}C$. In general, the photosynthesis rate was higher in P. quinquifolium than in P. ginseng and ranged from 3.54 to 4.04 mg $(CO_2{\cdot}dm^{-2}{\cdot}hr^{-1})$ for P. quinquefolium and from 2.08 to 2.59 mg$(CO_2{\cdot}dm^{-2}{\cdot}hr^{-1})$ for P. ginseng.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.19
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• pp.5-18
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• 2006

The Mireuksaji stone pagoda of the Iksan was built in Muwang King of Baekjae Kingdom and has maintained its present status through several rebuilding process. Recently, the structural unbalance of the pagoda has worsened, so for scientific maintenance recovery of its original pagoda form, the pagoda is under dismantling process. The original form of this pagoda is being presumed to be a plane square pagoda of nine stories, though only a portion of six stories remains until today. The destroyed part from collapse was liked in insecure pagoda form by Japanese in year of 1915. On the surface of the stone which has gone through the present time, efflorescence appeared as precipitation substance over crusted and due to this phenomenon, the structure and color of thee original stone haven't been preserved. Therefore, quantitative analysis on its kind, emitted status and contamination type of secondary inorganic contamination substance of the over crusted surface were analyzed. Also through reaction experiments, contamination type was defined and tests have been applied to find the requirements that will wash out the contaminants. The result of this study will provide the base of quantitative analysis on the kind of inorganic contamination of the surface of stone assets, and it shall also contribute to the application of scientific maintenance recovery of surface cleaner for efflorescence.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.233-242
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• 2018

This study explored the richness patterns of vascular plant species and evaluated the effects of the climatic and habitat variables on the observed patterns along elevational gradients on the Mt. Baekhwa, South Korea. Plant data were recorded from 70 plots and a total of 187 plant species with 78 woody and 109 herbaceous species were recorded along two study transects, the Banyasa and Bohyunsa transects, on the Mt. Baekhwa. A total of 154 plant species with 66 woody and 88 herbaceous species and 131 plant species with 58 woody and 73 herbaceous species were recorded along the Banyasa and Bohyunsa transects, respectively. We used simple ordinary least squares regression model, multi-model inference and variation partitioning to analyze the relative contribution of climatic and habitat variables on the elevational richness patterns. Species richness pattern for vascular plants along the Banyasa transect monotonically decreased with elevation, whereas plant species richness showed reversed hump-shaped pattern along the Bohyunsa transect. Although the elevational patterns of species richness for vascular plants were different between the both transects, habitat variables are more important predictors than climatic variables for the elevational patterns of plant species richness along our study transects on the Mt. Baekhwa. These results indicate that elevational diversity patterns of vascular plants may be different even between nearby elevational transects in a mountain ecosystem but the diversity patterns may be controlled by same drivers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

The recent surge in consumption of traditional liquor related to health, the results of analyzing the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity by creating Kwaha-ju and Baekhwha-chun, which use Godubab as a method of treating glutinous and normal grains, are as follows. Kwaha-ju is mainly made of glutinous rice, 5.21~12.52% alcohol content, 1.07~2.47g/L in reducing sugar content, 3.22~3.77% pH, Baikhwha-chun alcohol content was 3~5%, except for some experimental groups, and pH was low. As a result of the spectrum analysis of traditional liquor, 50% of the experimental group in Baikhwa-chun is located in the negative area of PC1 such as overload, and some amino acids such as lactic acid, isoleucine, and choline are the main ingredients of glucose, xylose, and maltose. Therefore, the chemical properties and antioxidant activity of Kwaha-ju and Baikhwa-chun, which show similar composition ratio of traditional liquor materials, and use them as basic data to identify and manufacture traditional liquor fermentation through mutual analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2003