• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 1985

This studies has been carried out how to effect on electrostafic propensity of synthetic fabrics by coating with 0.5% acrylic polymer solution which was previously developed by the author to improve anticrease nature of silk. The work conditions are: (A) Applied synthetic polymer was acrylic polymer 525, developed by the author. (B) Electrostatic voltage for various fabrics were carried out by Korea standard abrasion partner with Korea standard (KS K 0905) cotton, nylon, polyester and the self sample fabric. (C) Applied fabrics for the investigations were carried out by using abrasion partner with Korea standard (KS K 0905) cotton, nylon, polyester and the self sample fabric. (D) Electrostatic propensity investigations were carried out by use of sample as silk, nylon, polyester and acrylic fabrics, seperating before finish or after finish. (E) Washing after the finish or the original fabric was carried out by Korea standard method, KS K 0465. Through the investigations, he happened to find many interesting matters and the obtained results are as followings. 1. Electrostatic voltage for the finished fabrics increased more than their original silk, nylon, acrylic fabrics except polyester fabric. (See Table 5) 2. Electrostatic voltage for the finished polyester against K.S. polyester decreased remarkably than the original fabric test. 3. In spite of no problem on electrostatic propensity of silk, it showed high electrostatic voltage between the same nature fabric abrasion, because silk is very weak against abrasion and because the test method had been developed to be useful for only synthetic fabrics. 4. Electrostatic voltage increased more in case of abrasion between different nature of fabrics than the same nature of fabrics. 5. Electrostatic voltage of each fabric increased by repeat of wash. 6. Many investigation data were followed with Contact Electrification Series Principle, another word, the farther each other located fabric on the series abrasion was, the higher electrostatic voltage. (See Fig. 6) 7. Such investigation gives warning of use on the mix fiber spinning service as far as concern with electrification. 8. It may also call attention for such increase of electrification in case any finishing of silk textile.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.555-562
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with or without ruminally protected fat and niacin on the thermoregulatory ability, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows during summer in Korea. Thirty mid-lactating Holstein cows (134±12.4 DIM and 23.4±2.3kg/d of milk yield) were divided into three groups (10 animals/group). Cows were housed in a free-stall barn and were provided with forced- air ventilation (wind velocity = 4 m/s) using 41 cm diameter fans. Diet one was formulated to contain low DCAD (+15 DCAD) while the remaining two diets were higher in DCAD (+30 DCAD). One higher DCAD diet was formulated to contain by-pass fat and the second higher DCAD diet contained the niacin along with by-pass fat. The maximum ambient temperature during July was 28.5℃ which could be seen as a period of mild heat stress. As summer progressed, August was characterized as a severe heat stress condition with maximum ambient temperature (32.4℃) and THI (74.0). Dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients intake was not affected by the DCAD level and supplementation of ruminally protected fat or niacin. Milk production was higher in cows fed diets supplemented with fat and niacin than those fed un-supplemented diet. No difference in milk yield was observed in cows fed diets supplemented with fat or niacin plus fat. Milk fat and rectal temperature were not affected by the DCAD level and supplementation of ruminally protected fat or niacin. However, respiration rate was decreased in cows fed diets supplemented with either fat or fat and niacin compared to those fed. The results of the present study indicated that higher DCAD (+30) and supplementation of fat along with niacin can somehow mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on milk yield and physiology of lactating Holsteins during July and August in Korea. In present study reduced respiration rate and increased milk yield in lactating cows may be attributed to the cooling effect of supplemented fat along with vasodilatory functions of niacin. (Key Words: DCAD, Heat stress, THI, milk yield, Milk fat, Holstein)

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2001

Summer stress is one of the serious problems on cool-season grass at the soccer fields in Korea during heavy rainy season. This study was conducted to intestigate the effect of shade net with regard to its percent (0, 50, 75), color (black, green), height (0 cm, 30 cm) and time (7 hr, 24 hr) on turf canopy temperature, light intensity, leaf color, turf performance, clipping yield and root dry weight of cool-season turfgrass. Turf canopy temperature was 6~13$^{\circ}C$ under black and green shade net when temperature was over 4$0^{\circ}C$. Light intensity was also decreased from 40 to 94% under black and green shade net compared to control. Black shade net was more effective than green net in reduction of temperature and light intensity. Green shade net was found to be better for photosynthesis of cool-season grass. Leaf color, turf performance, clipping yield, and root dry weight were better and increased under 50% and 75% shade net. 50% black shade net with 30cm height and 7 hr treatment showed the best turf performance. It can be concluded that 50% and 75% green shade net can be used fur reducing summer stress on cool-season grass after soccer marches during heavy rain season. The shade net decreased the turf canopy temperature and reduced heating damage of cool-season turfgrass.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find out suitable rootzone profile, irrigation system, and turfgrass species for roof turf garden. Treatments of profile with soil amendment were Mixture I: Perlite(PL)60％＋Vermiculite(VC)20％＋Peatmoss(PM)20％, Mixture II: PL60％＋VC 10％＋PM20％＋Sand(SD)10％, Mixture III: PL60％＋VC20％＋PM20％ and Mixture IV: PL60％＋VC10％＋PM20％＋SD10％＋Styrofoam 5cm as a drain layer. To test trickle irrigation for roof garden, intervals of main pipe spacing(50cm, 100cm) and drop hole distance(15, 20, 30, 50 and 100cm)were treated, To select most suitable turfgrass species or mixture, Bermudagrass 'Konwoo', Zoysiagrass 'Konhee' and cool-season grass(Kentucky Bluegrass 80％ ＋ Perennial Ryegrass 20％, Tall Fescue 30％ ＋ KB50％ ＋ PR 20％)were tested. In particle size analysis, the soil amendments Perlite and vermiculite showed very even distribution, however, peatmoss contained mostly coarse particles with fiber over $\Phi$ 4.75mm. Under field moisture condition, vermiculite and peatmoss showed 350％ water holding capacity, on the other hand, sand or Perlite showed 115％ and 166％, respectively. Total weight of soil profile was 139.2kg/$m^2$ with Styrofoam drain layer without sand, which showed most lightest among treatments. Turf quality also resulted positve with Styrofoam drain layer installation. On trickle irrigation system, the proper interval of main drain pipe spacing and drop hole distance were 50cm and 50cm, respectively, In irrigation frequency, once per a day for 15 minute irrigation with 2 1/hr showed the best results on turf quality. Among turfgrass species or cool season grass mixture, warm season turfgrass fine leaf type zoysiagrass 'Konhee' and Bermudagrass 'Konwoo' showed very acceptable result on all over the treatments of rootzone and irrigation system. To apply cool season grasses for the roof garden, advanced researches may be needed to establish the proper soil amendment, rootzone profile, and irrigation system, Application of Bermudagrass 'Konwoo' for roof turf garden also needs successive tests to overcome winter injuries.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.380-385
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• 1998

This study evaluated the possible utilization and the replacing range of animal by-product mixture (ABPM) as a dietary fish meal replacer in growing common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ABPM is a mixture of leather meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal and squid liver powder at a specific weight based ratio. Five different diets were formulated on isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of $40\%$ crude protein and 15.3 KJ/g diet in which white fish meal (WFM) protein was substituted with the ABPM Protein as follows: diet 1, $100\%$ WFM ($0\%$ ABPM, control); diet 2, $75\%$ WFM+$25\%$ ABPM ($25\%$ ABPM); diet $3,\;50\%$ WFM+$50\%$ ABPM ($50\%$ ABPM); diet 4 $25\%$ WFM+$75\%$ ABPM ($75\%$ ABPM); diet $5.0\%$ WFM+$100\%$ ABPM ($100\%$ ABPM). As the dietary protein sources, each diet contained $34.7\%$ of animal protein supplied by white fish meal and/or ABPM and $65.3\%$ of plant protein. After one week of conditioning period, fish averaging 10 g were randomly assigned to each diet treatment as triplicate groups and fed one of the experimental diets for 12 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed diet 1 (control) and 3 were significantly higher than those of fish fed diet 2, 4 and 5 during the first 4 weeks (P< 0.05), while there were no significant differences among all diet groups during the third 4 weeks (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio of fish fed diet 1 was significantly higher than those fed diet 2, 3, 4 and 5 during the second 4 weeks (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences among all diet groups during the first and the third 4 weeks (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in proximate analysis among fish fed the experimental diets either for the second 4 weeks or the third 4 weeks (P>0.05). These results indicated that ABPM could be used as a fish meal replacer up to $100\%$ in growing common carp.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Changgyeongwon emerged as pleasure grounds following the creation of a museum, zoo and botanical garden in Changgyeonggung Palace during the Japanese colonial period. Pleasure grounds offer space for entertainment and have maintained the image of a paradise apart from reality. This study examined the creation process of pleasure grounds within a royal palace and the following spatial changes. By analyzing the image of Changgyeongwon as an artificial paradise, this study explored its landscape and cultural aspects. Literature reviews on the intention and process showed that the Changgyeongwon pleasure grounds were created as a 'royal garden' for the amusement of Sunjong, as well as 'public pleasure grounds' in the process of colonization. It was one of the first public spaces open to everyone who could afford the entrance fee. The layout of Changgyeongwon was studied by a comparison and analyzation of modern plans and photographs. It was composed of the central museum zone, northern botanical garden zone, and southern zoological garden zone. A conservatory and greenhouse to exhibit and maintain tropical plants were intensively built in the botanical garden zone while an aviary was created on the zoo pond. In the vicinity of the aviary a vivarium was constructed. Museum exhibition facilities included a main building as well as existing buildings, and a western flower garden was created between the buildings. Space for children including a playground and horse-riding course were created in the 1930's. The paradisiacal image and pleasure grounds culture of Changgyeongwon were studied as follows. Firstly, it shows that Changgyeongwon's paradisiacal image where rare animals and exotic plants were open to the public was promoted by the zoo and botanical garden. This led to the creation of new popular leisure activities such as flower appreciation and animal watching. Secondly, Changgyeongwon offered an urban leisure space, symbolizing the 'non-urban nature within the city' where the urban residents could escape from the daily routine. Thirdly, Changgyeongwon was known for its 'fantastic night landscape' by its night opening during the cherry blossom season. This cherry blossom viewing at night sadly degenerated by various shows and drinking, and as a result, an image of a deviant paradise was given to Changgyeongwon. Changgyeongwon contributed to creating a new space with its diverse facilities, and the public embraced the urban culture through experiences of pleasure and entertainment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.28-37
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• 2013

This research, which sought to conjecture the formation process of tribal landscape while confirming the method and characteristic of place attachment of the Haeju Oh Family, which is rooted within the village and the Yongwon Pavilion and Garden of Gohak-ri, Mari-myeon, Geochang-gun, Gyeongnam, reached the following conclusion based on the interpretation and analysis of cultural and scenic elements such as the names and sculptures nearby the village and Yongwon Pavilion and Garden. This place is where Goohwagong Oh Sue, a Haeju person, settled down. This is also where his descendants were refined while yearning for their ancestors. The Yongwon Pavilion was established in 1964. It can be sufficiently known that this place was managed and maintained as a garden-like place where the spirit of yearning was shared and which was the basis of the life and entertainment of descendants after being the monumental place for Master Oh Guhwa, through stories, documents, nearby facilities, and writings on many rocks. It is clear that the meaning of 'Bang-Hak(訪鶴) and Jung-Hak (停鶴)' which is carved in many places around this area and Gohak-ri, which symbolizes the Hakbong(crane peak), the vein of Wonjak-dong which is one of the Ahneuisamdong(three outstanding scenic places of Ahneui), is a scenic language explaining the ecological settlement and lives of the Haeju Oh Family. When considering the definition of a sense of place as "a 'social device' made by discussions and practice rather than its existing as a substance," the many structures scattered around the village, Yongwon Pavilion Garden, and nearby designations show the monumental place inheritance of tribal group clearly exhibiting the characteristics of a Korean sense of place. Ever since Guhwagon Oh Sue settled down in Guhak-ri, the tribal group of Haeju Oh Family went through a life settlement phase and landscape formation phase by realizing the sense of place. Afterwards, while yearning for ancestors and repeatedly rooting down in the place, territoriality expanded and the place was reproduced. In particular, timber houses and monuments were constructed during the Japanese Colonization Period, and after independence, the Yongwon Pavilion was constructed through place reproduction, and monumental tribal landscape is currently being expressed in various forms to this day. Thus, allowing to reach the conclusion of 'Tribal Landscape of Gohak-ri, Mari-myeong, Geochang-gun,' which we perceive today. The products of territorial expansion formed by the repeating phenomenon of place rootedness and place attachment by tribal groups are in fact the substance of tribal landscape. Through such, it is possible to confirm the true spirit of place attachment and the earnest interest and affection of descendants towards a unique place that is repeatedly constructed and inherited within the group memory.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

This study was conducted to figure out the effect of 'Methlyen Urea(MU)', slow released fertilizer and 'T-Vigor', microbial fertilizer as environment fertilizer on growth of 'Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass for environmental management in golf course. This study was conducted at No. 3, 4, 5 Valley Courses of Rexfield Country Club from April to July in 2004. MU, T-Vigor, sterilized T-Vigor were applied five times with 5g and 7.5ml per square meter, respectively. Polt size was 1 square meter and there were three replications with Completely Randomize Design. Collecting data were turf density$(No.\;of\;shoot\;/cm^2)$, chlorophyll $amount(\%)$, root length(cm), dry weight of clipping(g), and dry weight of root(g). The results are as follows; All of turf density, chlorophyll amount and dry weight(g) of MU and T-Vigor were better than control and sterilized T-Vigor. Especially root length of MU and T-Vigor was superior to control and sterilized T-Vigor, even if temperature and humidity was high. In conclusion, MU and T-Vigor might be used as slow release fertilizer for environmental green management in golf course.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

Three experiments were conducted to determine utilization of Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone as the dietary additive for growth and immune stimulant in juvenile olive flounder. In the feeding trial, four diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone per kg diet (SGS$_{0}$ , SGS$_{0.5}$, SGS$_{1.0}$ , SGS$_{2.0}$ ). Fish averaging 5.0$\pm$0.04 g (mean$\pm$SD) were fed one of four experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, hematosomatic index, condition factor and survival among fish fed all the diets. In chanlenge test, fish were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 $m\ell$ bacterial suspension with Edwardsielia tarda per fish after the feeding trial. Fish fed SGS$_{0.5}$ diet have a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). In the anti-mold test, Asprrgiilus niger, Penicillium pinophiltfm, Chaeromium globosum were inoculated with Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone using ASTM G-21 method. The amount of Α. niger, Ρ. pinuphiium. C. globosum didn't increase in Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone for 4 weeks for the test period. Therefore, these results indicate that 0.5% Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone per kg diet could increase immune resistance in juvenile olive flounder and Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone could be used as the anti-mold additive in fish feed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated charcoal mixed with wood vinegar (AC) on broiler performance and antibiotics residue in eggs. In experiment 1, a total of low hundred fifty, 1-day-old male broile. chicks (Ross) were divided into 6 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 25 birds each, and 134 one of the six experimental diets: devoid of AC and antibiotics (negative control), devoid of AC with 0.1% antibiotics (positive control), devoid of antibiotics with 1% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 1% AC, devoid of antibiotics with 2% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 2% AC, for 5 wks. Feed consumption and body weights were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, eight birds from each group were selected and sacrificed. The relative weight of organs and characteristics of breast muscle were investigated. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion rate among the treatments. There were also no significant differences in the relative weight of breast meat, leg and liver. The abdominal fat tended to be decreased by the dietary AC. Significant differences were shown (P<0.05) in meat redness (a) and yellowness (b) among the treatments. However, the sensual characteristics of breast muscle was not affected by the dietary treatments. There were significant differences in total microbes, Coli forms and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05) among the treatments. In experiment 2, a total of ninety, 40-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were divided into 3 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 10 birds each and fed medicated control diet devoid of AC or diets containing 1% AC and 2% AC for 2 wks. The residue of antibiotics in Plasma and egg Yolk were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in 2% AC group compared to that of control. This study suggest that dietary AC may improve the external quality of edible meat and reduced antibiotics residue in chicken eggs without affecting laying performance.