• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

배양중인 생쥐 난자의 성숙에 미치는 배양액 내 calcim의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 1.71mM $Ca^{2+}$을 처리한 배양액과 $Ca^{2+}$이 존재하지 않는 배양액에서 난자를 배양하여 불꽃 원자 흡수 분광 광도계를 이용하여 배양된 난자의 $Ca^{2+}$농도를 측정하였다. 1) $Ca^{2+}$처리한 배양액에서 배양된 cumulus-cell이 제거된 (denuded oocyte)난자들은 시간이 지남에 따라 $Ca^{2+}$농도가 높게 나타났고, 2) $Ca^{2+}$처리하지 않은 배양액에서는 denuded난자는 3시간째 배양될때 부터 $Ca^{2+}$양이 줄어 들었다. Cumulus-enclosed난자는 $Ca^{2+}$존재하에서는 GVBD가 일어났다고 생각되는 4시간까지 계속 증가를 보인 반면 $Ca^{2+}-free$에서는 배양되지 않은 난자와 거의 차이가 없게 나타났다. 3) 핵막붕괴가 일어난 후부터 15시간까지 배양시컸을 때에는 CEO와 denuded oocyte에서 공히 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도는 다시 증가된 상태로 계속 되었다. 이런 결과로 미루어 보아 난자 성숙시 부터 성숙과정이 끝날때가지 exteral $Ca^{2+}$이 요구되고 있음을 증명해 주고있다. 그러나 이러한 세포질내의 $Ca^{2+}$및 bound calcium이 난자 성숙시부터 어떤 역활을 하고 있는 기작에 대해서는 좀 더 연구가 있어야겠다.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nutrient solution strength on growth and nutrient element concentrations in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'Dduksum') by hydroponic culture under fluorescent lamp and LED. Leaf lettuce were grown in closed hydroponic cultivation systems supplied with 1/2, 1 and 2 strength of nutrient solution recommended by horticultural experiment station in Japan. The growth of 'Dduksum' was highest in the 2 strength of standard nutrient solution. The amount of nutrient element in the recycled nutrient solution was higher at 2, 1 and 1/2 strength of nutrient solution. The concentration of NO₃-N, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in the recycled nutrient solutions increased in 1 and 2 strength of nutrient solution but that of NH₄-N decreased gradually in 1/2 and 1 strength of nutrient solution. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg in leaf lettuce was maintained in the normal range, whereas the concentration of phosphorous was 1.3 to 1.6%, which was higher than proper range. As the concentration of NH₄-N decreases gradually in all the treatments, it is necessary to raise the rate of NH₄-N or add it.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of nutrient solution composition on the growth of cucumber plants and the changes in macro-elements in nutrient solutions in recirculating hydroponic systems. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Joeun Baegdadagi) were grown in closed perlite cultivation systems supplied with different nutrient solutions developed by NHRS (National Horticultural Research Station in Japan), Yamasaki, PBG (Proefstation voor Bloemisterij en Glasgroente), and NIHHS (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in Korea). The concentrations of $NO_{3^-}N$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $SO_{4^-}S$ in the recycled nutrient solutions increased but that of $NH_{4^-}N$ decreased gradually in all the treatments. The $PO_{4^-}P$ and $K^+$ concentrations were continuously reduced from the beginning of the harvest to the harvest peak period. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of $NO_{3^-}N$, $NH_{4^-}N$, and $Ca^{2+}$ in the recirculated nutrient solutions among four treatments, while the concentrations of $PO_{4^-}P$ and $K^+$ were lowest and those of $Mg^{2+}$ and $SO_{4^-}S$ were highest in the treatment of Yamasaki's nutrient solution. All growth-related parameters of cucumber plants except for leaf number were not significantly affected by the nutrient solution compositions. Due to its low concentrations of $PO_{4^-}P$ and $K^+$ in the recycled nutrient solution, however, the number and yield of cucumber fruits were lowest in the treatment of Yamasaki's nutrient solution.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 1998

Alcaligenes eutrophus was successfully recovered from high cell density broth by pre-treatment with Fe-based coagulants. An inorganic coagulant, Fe$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$, and a polymerized coagulant, Ferix-3, were used. Good coagulation was observed in broad pH range of 3 to 13, the floe size was increased with increasing pH of culture broth. The optimum pH of fermentation broth for cell recovery was 10 to 13. The optimum coagulant dosages to recover cells with 95% cell recovery were increased with increasing cell concentration. Optimal coagulant dosage was lower when the polymerized coagulant was used rather than the inorganic coagulant. The coexistence of NH$_4$$\^$+/ was increased coagulant requirement, and the coagulant requirement was 0.066g Fe$_3$$\^$+//g NH$_4$$\^$+/.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1998

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects and optimal concentrations of RPMI 1640 amino acids, MEM vitamins and human follicular fluid(hFF) as additives in the medium for in vitro culture of mouse embryos. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The development rates of blastocyst stage were 54.5%, 65.4%, 48.2%, 57.4% and 35.5% when the medium was added to 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% of RPMI 1640 amino acid and control, respectively. The addition of 0.5% RPMI 1640 amino acid was the best concentration. 2. The development rates of blastocyst stage were 22.4%, 31.3%, 21.9%, 19.0% adn 12.8% when the medium was added to 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% of MEM vitamin and control, respectively. The addition of 0.5% MEM vitamin was the best concentration. 3. The development rates of blastocyst stage were 20.9%, 21.9%, 18.9%, 29.4% and 20.6% when the medium was added to 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% of hFF and control, respectively.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

소 체외수정란의 체외 발육에 $CO_2$와 $O_2$의 농도가 미치는 영향에 대하여 두가지 배양액과 서로 다른 Co-culture 체계를 이용하여 검토하였다. 체외 수정후 40~44시간에 회수간 2~8 세포기 수정란을 여러가지 gas조건하의 다른 배양조건에서 무작위로 옮겨 실험을 수행하였다. 5% $CO_2$와 $O_2$,10% $O_2$및 20% $O_2$조건에서 배양을 실시한 결과, 상실배가 이상 발육된 체외 발육성적은 각각 22.1% 15.0% 및 21.1%였다.(p<0.05). 한편 배양액에 따른 헤외 배양성적은 KOSM배양액(19.1%)의 경우가 Menezo's B2 배양액(13.7%)에서 배양한 경우보다 더 높은 성적을 얻었다.(p>0.05,Table 1). 2~8세포기 수정란을 5% $CO_2$또는 10% $CO_2$와 5%, 10% 및 20%의 $O_2$조건 하에서 체외 배양을 실시한 경우 각각 15% 와 8%의 체외 발육 성적을 얻었고(P>0.05), $O_2$조건의 경우 10% $O_2$(17%)와 20% $O_2$(20%)의 배양조건을 이 5% $O_2$(26%)보다 낮은 성적을 나타냈다. (P<0.05), (Table2). 체외 수정 후 얻은 2~8세포기 수정란을 단순 배양액 과 두개의 다른 공동 배양체계를 이용하여 5% $CO_2$와 5% 및 20% $O_2$의 배양 조건하에서 체외 배양을 실시한 결과 상실배와 배반포기 까지 발육된 체외 발육 성적은 배양액과 공동배양 체계에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다(p>0.05). 그러나 $O_2$의 농도는 소 체외 수정란의 체외 발육성적에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.(Table 3). 본실험은 $CO_2$와 $O_2$의 농도가 소 체외수정란의 체외 배양할때 배양체계에 따라 다른 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2012

To investigate the influence electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution and light intensity on growth of red leafy lettuce, fresh and dry weights, number of leave, chlorophyll concentration and production efficiency were evaluated through nutrient film technique system. The levels of EC were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and $6.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and those of light intensity were 120, 150, and $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Under photoperiod of 16 h/day, the temperature was maintained in the range of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Planting density was $10{\times}10cm$ (100 plants/$m^2$). When red leafy lettuce were grown in the EC range of $0.5{\sim}1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, the fresh and dry weights decreased as the EC levels and light intensity were lowered, however, Hunter's a value showed no significant differences among the treatments of EC and light intensity levels (Ex. 1). The fresh and dry weights and production efficiency ($g{\cdot}FW/kw$) were the highest in the treatment of $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ when crops were grown under the EC range of EC $1.5{\sim}6.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ (Ex. 2). But the fresh and dry weights, number of leaves, and production efficiency of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ were the highest when the light intensity was $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ (Ex. 3). The SPAD value increased gradually as EC levels were elevated. From the above results, we concluded that optimum levels of EC and light intensity were $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively, for production as well as production efficiency of red leaf lettuce in plant factory.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2004

Objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of nutrient solution strength and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF, Glomus sp.) on growth and flowering of potted miniature rose (Rosa hybrids L. cv 'Scarlet'). To achieve this, plants cultured with six different strength of Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station solution (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and $4.0\;{\times}\;{full}$ strength) and inoculated with AMP at cutting and transplanting. Leachate EC increased as solution strength were elevated. The leachate EC were not different between non-inoculated plants and AMF treatment at cutting, but significantly decreased when plants were inoculated with AMF at transplanting. The elevated strength of nutrient solution resulted in decrease of leachate pH. When plants were inoculated AMF at transplanting, leachate pH was lower than those of non-inoculated plants and inoculated with AMF at cutting. At harvesting (93 days after transplanting), plant height, leaf width, number of branches and shoot fresh and dry weight of rose 'Scarlet' increased with elevated nutrient solution strength. AMF treatment at transplanting of potted rose 'Scarlet' showed the best results in growth such as chlorophyll content, number of flowers, and shortening the days required to flower. The content of N, P, K, and Mn in leaf tissue of potted rose increased by elevated nutrient solution strength and AMF treatment, while the tissue Na contents decreased by an AMF treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.48-49
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• 1998

생쥐 수정난 및 초기 2세포배를 체외배양시 0.428mM 이상의 칼슘 농도를 필요로 하는 것을 알았다. 칼슘 chelator인 EDTA를 저농도로 배양액에 처리 할 경우 2-cell block이 유의하게 극복되었으며, 저농도의 칼슘이 존재하는 배양액에서 보인 2-cell block은 니켈 50 $\mu$ M을 처리함으로서 극복 효과를 보였다. EDTA와 니켈에 의한 2-cell block 극복 현상이 어떠한 기작에 의해 이루어지는가에 대한 자세한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to find out the compositions of nutrient solution for closed system in substrate culture of cucumber. Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunsung baekdadagi) plants were grown in the substrates supplied with the nutrient solutions whose strengths were 1/2, 1, and 3/2 of the original concentration developed by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan. By increasing the nutrient concentrations, plant height decreased but leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number showed little differences. A number of marketable fruit and marketable yield were the highest in the concentration of 1 strength. The nutrient compositions of solution developed for closed system in cucumber substrate culture were N 11.4, P 3.3, K 6.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3.5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the vegetative growth period and N 10.4, P 3.3, K 5.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3,5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the reproductive growth period. To examine the suitability of nutrient solution developed in the above experiment, cucumber plants were grown in the substrates supplied with different solutions and concentrations - Yamasaki's nutrient solution(Yamasaki) of 1 S, nutrient solution of Research Station for Greenhouse Vegetable and Floriculture on the Netherlands(PTG) of 1 S, nutrient solution developed in the above experiment(SCU) of 1/2, 1, and 3/2 S. EC and pH in root zone changed little in the all treatments during growing period. As cucumber plants grew, the concentrations of N, P, and K in root zone decreased but Ca concentration increased. Net $CO_2$ assimilation rate of cucumber leaves was high in SCU of 1 and 3/2 S, and Yamasaki of 1 S. Growth of cucumber plants was the lowest in SCU of 1/2 S.