• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different hexoses in medium with IGF-I and/or EGF on in vitro development of porcine embryos. In first experiment, when the embryos were cultured in medium with concentrations of 5 ng/ml IGF-I and 10 ng/ml EGF, the morula and blastocyst rates were higher than in another culture conditions (P<0.05). In second experiment, the effect of IGF-I in medium with different hexoses during the embryo culture was examined. The higher cleavage rates were obtained in medium with glucose and IGF-I (P<0.05). However, the higher proportion of embryos developed to morula and blastocyst stages in medium with IGF-I were obtained than in medium without IGF-I in medium with glucose, mannose and galactose. In third experiment, the effect of EGF on in vitro development of porcine embryos in medium with different hexoses were examined. In the culture medium was supplemented with glucose, the higher proportions (P<0.05) of embryos developed to molura and blastocyst stages were obtained in medium with that than without EGF. However, the proportions of embryos developed to blastocyst stage were not significantly different between with and without of EGF in medium with different hexoses. In firth experiment, the effects of presence of IGF-I and EGF in medium with different hexoses on in vitro development of porcine embryos were examined. When culture medium was supplemented with IGF-I and EGF, the higher proportions of oocytes cleaved and developed to 8-cell stage were obtained in medium with glucose than mannose, galactose and fructose (P<0.05). These results show that glucose and growth factors, supported the development in vitro of porcine embryos, especially with greater embryo cleavage and development in medium with glucose added to media with IGF-I and/or EGF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2011

Although monoculture methods have been remarkably useful due to their simplicity, they have serious limitation because of the different types of cells communication with each other in many physiological situations. We demonstrated levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) as well as stimulation of receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on monoand co-culture system such as only monocyte (THP-1) cultivation system, only endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultivation system, and co-cultivation system of THP-1 and HUVEC. The mRNA levels of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ on HUVEC increased by the co-culture with monocyte after 4 hr at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ glyceraldehyde-AGE. The secreted protein contents into medium of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ increased after 8 hr approximately 2~2.5 times compared to mono-cultivation. In contrast, the mRNA level of receptor of AGE (RAGE) was relatively insensitive on the co-culture system. The mediators by which monocytes activate endothelial cell have not been fully elucidated. In this study we confirmed production of soluble cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ by monocytes. Use of monocyte conditioned medium, which contains both cytokines, can activate endothelial cell.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2010

This study was carried out to determine suitable in vitro culture conditions of new ever-bearing strawberry ($Fragaria$ $ananassa$ Duch.), 'Goha'. Four-week old plantlets which were derived from the meristem culture were used in this study. Three different culture media including MS, Gamborg B5 and White medium were used for the plant culture and the medium concentrations were at the 5 levels of $1/3{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, $2{\times}$ and $3{\times}$. Sucrose content ranged at four levels of 1, 3, 5 and 8% (w/v). Crown diameter on the MS medium was thicker (2.1 mm) than in other media. Fresh weight on the MS medium was 482 mg, which was heavier than 88 mg or 260 mg of Gamborg B5 or White medium, respectively. Particularly, 1/2MS medium was found to have higher growth rate than these in other treatments (fresh weight, dry weight and D/F rate). Shoot length in the treatment of 1% sucrose concentration was 3.6 cm which was the longest. Shoot length was in inverse proportion to the increasing concentration of sucrose. Fresh weight was increased up to 3% sucrose concentration, but decreased above 5% sucrose concentration. From the results, we found that the best condition for in vitro culture of new ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha' was 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1% sucrose concentration.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine suspended embryogenic cells growth with days of culture, effects of various kinds/concentrations of osmoticum for induction of somatic embryos (SEs), following somatic embryos germination or plantlet regeneration. The proliferation pattern of embryogenic cells in suspension culture is characterized by settled cells volume (SCV) increased with the duration of culture with marked the maxium of SCV (10.1 ml) in 18 days of culture, however the SCV of cells gradually decreased after that. In comparison of kinds/concentrations of osmoticum on somatic embryo induction, the highest induction number (352.3/g FW) of the SE was showed in 0.2 M sucrose, in addition, we also observed some effects with treatments of 0.2 M maltose (203.7) and 0.3 M maltose (193.7), respectively. However, no somatic embryos produced in treatments of 7.5% PEG plus 0.15 M sucrose or maltose. In comparison of germination efficiency of SEs which occurred from the treatments of various kinds/ concentrations of osmoticum, the highest induction frequency of cotyledon (25.2%) was obtained from SEs that produced 0.3 M maltose, however, the best occurrence rates of hypocotyl (39%), radicle (30.3%) and plantlet regeneration (3.5%) were observed from the 0.2 M sucrose treatment, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.571-576
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• 1994

This study was conducted to determine the effects of embryo age, growth regulators, low temperature treatment on regeneration, plant growth, and heading in immature embryo culture of Barley. Shoot and root development was more in older than in younger excised embryos, and more in a medium without kinetin than in one with kinetin. The rate of survival was higher on medium without growth regulators and lower on medium with kinetin 5 mg/L because of retarded plant growth. Embryo age and media did not completely replace low temperature treatment. Twenty- and 14 day-old embryos responded by flowering after 4 weeks of vernalization. Embryo culture at 14- and 20 days after anthesis coupled with 4-week cold treatment shortens generation time of barley. When 20 day immature embryos of barley (cv. Olbori) was treated low temperature treatment for 4 weeks, the rate of heading was better than the other treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2002

Catalase(CAT)는 주요한 활성산소(ROS)의 일종인 과산화수소($H_2O$$_2$)가 Hydroxyl 유리기 생성에 관여하지 못하도록 $H_2O$$_2$를 $H_2O$ 및 $O_2$로 대사시켜 주는 효소계 항산화제의 한 종류이다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 CAT가 5% $O_2$및 20% $O_2$조건하에서 1-세포기 돼지체외수정란의 배발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 돼지난포란을 10% PFF, 0.1mg/ml cysteine, 10IU/m1 PMSG, 10IU/m1 hCG 및 10ng/m1 EGF가 첨가된 NCSU23 배양액에서 22시간 동안 배양을 실시하고, 성선자극호르몬이 배제된 배양액에서 추가로 22시간을 배양하여 체외성숙을 유도하였다. 체외성숙이 유기된 난자는 난구세포를 제거하고, 2.5mM caffeine과 0.1% BSA가 첨가된 mTBM 배양액에 정자를 1.25 $\times$ $10^{5}$cells/ml의 농도로 5-6시 동안 공동배양을 실시하여 체외수정을 유도하였다. 체외수정후 1-세포기의 수정란을 0.4mg/ml BSA가 첨가된 NCSU23 배양액에 CAT를 각각 0, 100, 500 및1,000uni1 첨가하여 30 embryos/ 50u1 소적으로하여 38.8$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$및 5%$CO_2$, 5% $O_2$90% $N_2$조건하의 배양기에서 각각 7일간 배양을 실시하였다. 조사된 결과는 SAS/STAT 6.03 Package를 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 체외배양 48시간에 난할률을 조사하였을 때, 대조구와 처리구간 차이가 인정되지 않았으나, 배양 7일째 배반포형성률에 있어서는 각각 22.7$\pm$2.7, 22.1$\pm$3.9, 18.7$\pm$4.9, 및 15.1$\pm$2.5%로서 처리구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 나타냈다. 그리고 산소농도에 따른 배반포형성률은 5% $O_2$ 조건(22.1$\pm$2.4%)이 20% $O_2$조건(17.2$\pm$2%)보다 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 총세포수에 있어서는 각각 44.4$\pm$4.0, 43.3$\pm$36, 25.4$\pm$2.4 및 13.4$\pm$1.5로서 처리구가 대조구보다 세포수가 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 산소농도에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 따라서, 체외생산된 돼지초기수정란을 배양할 때, CAT의 첨가는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 1993

Bovine follicular oocytes were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. Oocytes with or without cumulus cells were transferred into TC-I99 medium supplemented with 10% FCS 8 h after insemination, and embryos cleaved to 2- to 8-cell stage 56 h after insemination were cultured further for 5 days. The proportions of embryos developed to morular and blastocyst stages were significantly higher (P<0.0l) in those cultured with(31%) than without(15%) cumulus cells. When the embryos were cultured with cumulus cells in the medium with different protein sources, the highest proportion(59%) of embryos developed to morular or blastocyst stage was obtained in medium with BSA(P<0. O01). Higher proportions of embryos were degenerated during culture with FCS(15%) or CS(14%) compared with BSA(3%). The present results indicate the early development of in-vitro fertilized bovine embryos can be maintained efficiently by BSA when they were co-cultured with cumulus cells.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to dertermine the effects of oviductal fluid and oviductal conditioned medium on polyspermy and in vitro development of porcine oocytes. The addition of oviductal fluid and oviductal conditioned medium in the prefertilization and fertilization medium significantly decreased polyspermy rates and the mean number of spermatozoa in penetrated eggs(P＜0.05). The acrosome reaction rate significantly increased when spematozoa were exposed for 1.5, 3, 4.5h in oviductal fluid and oviductal conditioned medium(P＜0.05). When oocytes cultured for 192h, the percentage of oocytes that developed to the morula and blastocyst stage was higher in culture medium with oviductal fluid and oviductal conditioned medium than without oviductal fluid and oviductal conditioned medium(P＜0.05). These results indicated that the oviductal secreations will effectively reduce both the polyspermy rates and the mean number of spermatwa in penetrated eggs. And the presence of culture with oviductal fluid and oviductal conditioned medium promotes in vitro development of porcine oocytes.