• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.44-47
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• 2003

중소규모 사업장의 대부분은 회분식 반응공정을 이용하여 소량 다품종의 제품을 생산한다. 회분식 공정은 연속식 공정에 비해 수동운전의 비율이 높아서 인적오류에 의한 사고발생 가능성이 상대적으로 높으며, 사고 발생 시 인적 피해가 크게 나타날 수 있는 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 또한 대규모의 사업장에 비해 적절한 위험성평가나 안전관리가 이루어지기 어렵다. 따라서 회분식 공정에서의 위험특성을 구체적으로 규명하고, 이를 바탕으로 회분식 반응기에서의 사고를 예방하기 위한 일반적인 가이드를 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 회분식 공정의 위험성평가와 관련하여 영국 및 미국 화공학회에서는 화학반응 및 회분식 반응공정의 위험성평가 지침을 제시하고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.223-238
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• 2008

this work is given a new pseudoniverse matrix method for balancing chemical equations. Here offered method is founded on virtue of the solution of a Diophantine matrix equation by using of a Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse matrix. The method has been tested on several typical chemical equations and found to be very successful for the all equations in our extensive balancing research. This method, which works successfully without any limitations, also has the capability to determine the feasibility of a new chemical reaction, and if it is feasible, then it will balance the equation. Chemical equations treated here possess atoms with fractional oxidation numbers. Also, in the present work are introduced necessary and sufficient criteria for stability of chemical equations over stability of their extended matrices.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

In order to select suitable bioreactor type inhibiting cell stress during submerged culture of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, the growth characteristics and ergosterol contents were investigated using the external-loop type of air-lift bioreactor (ETAB), balloon type of air bubble bioreactor (BTBB) and column type of air bubble bioreactor (CTBB). Dry weights of the T. matsutake in the BTBB, ETAB and CTBB were 12 g, 11.4 g, and 9.5 g per 1 litter, respectively. BTBB, ETAB and CTBB reached stagnant phases 16, 20, and 24 days after cultivation, respectively, The BTBB was more suitable for liquid culture of T. matsutake mycelium compared to other bioreactors owing to much mycelia product and short culture period. The ergosterol contents produced by the mycelium in the bioreactors were in sequence of BTBB, CTBB, and ETAB at every growth phase. BTBB might affect the mycelium on producing the smallest size of pellets. BTBB and CTBB got the mycelium precipitated and coagulated under operation of bioreactor sparser, whereas ETAB shown no effect of above phenomenon. A renovated bioreactor combined between a balloon shape of BTBB and an external-loop of ETAB was developed to enhance the efficiency of culture technique.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to evaluate the suitability of sigmoidal and firstorder kinetic equations for simulating the methane production from solid wastes. The sigmoidal kinetic equations used were modified Gompertz and Logistic equations. Statistical criteria used to evaluate equation performance were analysis of goodness-of-fit (Residual sum of squares, Root mean squared error and Akaike's Information Criterion). Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was employed to compare goodness-of-fit of equations with same and different numbers of parameters. RSS and RMSE were decreased for first-order kinetic equation with lag-phase time, compared to the first-order kinetic equation without lag-phase time. However, first-order kinetic equations had relatively higher AIC than the sigmoidal kinetic equations. It seemed that the sigmoidal kinetic equations had better goodness-of-fit than the first-order kinetic equations in order to simulate the methane production.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.239-239
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• 2003

탄소재료의 산화반응을 설명한 대부분의 논문은 TGA(Thermo Gravimetric Analysis)를 이용한 연구이다. TGA 장치는 가열이 필요한 물질의 반응연구에 다양하게 이용되고 있는데, 온도에 대한 무게 변화를 간편하게 알 수 있다는 장점과 함께 보편적으로 편리한 Arrhenius형태의 속도식으로 해석된다. 많은 연구자들은 TGA를 이용하여 다양한 탄소재료에 대한 반응속도상수를 구하였으며, 반응기체, 반응온도 및 원료물질에 따라 다른 속도를 나타내는 실험결과를 표준화된 속도식으로 표현하고자 하는 노력이 있었다. 그러나 이런 대부분의 연구는 coal 등과 같은 탄소재료의 연소특성을 이용하려는 에너지 변환 연구가 주를 이루어 왔으며, 탄소섬유의 산화반응에 대한 표준화 식으로 해석한 보고는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 내부구조가 현격하게 차이나는 다른 두 종류의 피치계 탄소섬유를 TGA를 이용하여 등온 산화반응 시켰다. 반응기체의 종류와 반응온도를 변화시켜 산화반응조건에 따른 중량변화를 관찰하였고, 여러 산화조건에서 얻어진 산화속도를 Kasaoka 등에 의해 제안된 표준화식을 이용하여 산화반응의 평균 속도상수 K와 전환율이 0.5일 때의 속도상수 $k_{f=0.5}$ 결과를 비교하여 산화 반응속도를 정량적으로 해석하고자 하였다.다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.358-364
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• 2012

The kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and water gas shift reactions over a precipitated iron catalyst were studied in a 5 channel fixed-bed reactor. Experimental conditions were changed as follows: synthesis gas $H_2$/CO feed ratios of 0.5~2, reactants flow rate of 60~80 ml/min, and reaction temperature of $255{\sim}275^{\circ}C$ at a constant pressure of 1.5 MPa. The reaction rate of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was calculated from Eley-Rideal mechanism in which the rate-determining step was the formation of the monomer species (methylene) by hydrogenation of associatively adsorbed CO. Whereas water gas shift reaction rate was determined by the formation of a formate intermediate species as the rate-determining step. As a result, the reaction rates of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for the hydrocarbon formation and water gas shift for the $CO_2$ production were in good agreement with the experimental values, respectively. Therefore, the reaction rates ($r_{FT}$, $r_{WGS}$, $-r_{CO}$) derived from the reaction mechanisms showed good agreement both with experimental values and with some kinetic models from literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 2016

The kinetic analysis of a heavily aluminized cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine(RDX) is conducted using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and the Friedman isoconversional method is applied to the DSC experimental data. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy are extracted as a function of the product mass fraction. The extracted kinetic scheme does not assume multiple chemical steps to describe the complex response of energetic materials; instead, a set of multiple Arrhenius factors is constructed based on the local progress of the exothermic reaction. The resulting reaction kinetic scheme is applied to two thermal decomposition tests for validating the reactive flow response of a heavily aluminized RDX. The results support applicability of the present model to practical thermal explosion systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

The kinetic analysis of energetic materials using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is proposed. Friedman Isoconversional method is applied to DSC experiment data and AKTS software is used for analysis. The proposed kinetic scheme has considerable advantage over the standard method based on One-Dimenaionl Time to Explosion (ODTX). Reaction rate and product mass fraction simulation are conducted to validate extracted kinetic scheme. Also a slow cook-off simulation is implemented on $B/KNO_3$ for validating the applicability of the extracted kinetics scheme to a practical thermal experiment.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 1991

무정형 SiC 박막을 수평형 CVD반응기로부터 SiH$_{4}$ 및 H$_{2}$를 반응기체로 하여 실리콘 웨이퍼위에 증착시켜 제조하였다. 박막 성장 속도는 상압에서 650.deg.C와 850.deg.C범위에서 측정되었다. 반응기체의 유량은 1000sccm으로 고정하였으며 SiH$_{4}$와 CH$_{4}$의 유량을 변화시켰다. 증착 반응속도식으로 표면 반응이 율속단계인 Eley-Rideal 모델과 SiH$_{4}$와 CH$_{4}$의 종도에 m차로 비례하는 두가지 속도식을 가정하였다. 증착시간에 따른 SiC 박막두께의 측정으로부터 얻은 증착 반응 속도로부터 회귀 분석법에 의하여 두가지 반응속도식의 반응속도 상수를 구하였다. 얻어진 반응속도식에 의해서 계산된 값과 실험치를 비교한 결과 0.15차의 반응속도식이 Eley-Rideal반응기구보다 약산 더 잘 맞음을 알 수 있으나 두 모델 다 약간씩 실험결과와 차이가 나고 있다. 이것은 본 실험의 증착 조건의 율속단계가 확산 단계와 표면 반응 단계의 전이영역 즉 본 실험의 증착조건에서 확산속도와 표면 반응속도가 비슷하기 때문으로 생각된다. 또한 Eley-Rideal 반응기구에서 부터 얻어진 SiH$_{4}$ 및 CH$_{4}$의 흡착평형상수 $K_{s}$ 와 $K_{c}$ 값을 비교하면 1000K이하에서는 $K_{s}$ 가 $K_{c}$ 보다 큰 값을 가지는데 이것은 Gibbs 자유에너지 최소화 방법에서 구한 결과와 일치하였다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

In this study, kinetics data was obtained for steam reforming reaction of ethane over the nickel catalyst. The variables of steam reforming reaction were reaction temperature, partial pressure of ethane, and mole ratio of steam and ethane. Parameters for the power rate law kinetic model and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model were obtained from the kinetic data. Also, sizing of steam reforming reactor was performed by using PRO/II simulator. For the steam reforming reaction of ethane, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model determining the reaction rate by the surface reaction was better suited than a simple power rate law kinetic model. On water-gas-shift reaction, power rate law kinetic model was well fitted to the kinetic data. Reactor size can be calculated for production of hydrogen through PRO/II simulation.