• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the production of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) by treatment of different amounts of rice straw with cellulase, hemicellulase, and xylanase. Treatment of high amounts of rice straw (100 g/l) with cellulase and hemicellulase resulted in similar production of WSCs. Reducing the amount of rice straw to 50 g/l decreased the production of WSCs by hemicellulase but had no effect on WSC production by cellulase. The interaction among rice straw amounts, and hemicellulase and xylanase activities was investigated using a Box Behnken design and a response surface model. An interaction was found only between hemicellulase and xylanase. An enzyme mixture consisting of 0.55 mg/ml of hemicellulase and 0.65 mg/ml of xylanase generated the highest amounts of WSCs, regardless of the amount of rice straw provided. Therefore, the activity of cellulase was higher than that of either hemicellulose or xylanase for WSC production from rice straw. The interaction observed for hemicellulase and xylanase indicates that a combined enzyme treatment could improve the production of WSCs from rice straw.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 1972

단백질과 전이금속 이온들과의 상호작용을 연구하는데 있어서 단백질중의 이미다졸기 및 아미노산의 반응성은 중요하다. Cd(II)-2-메틸이미다졸 착물들의 경우 이미다졸 분자중의 결합측은 "피로올"형 보다 오히려 "피리딘" 질소임을 알 수 있다. 이 착물들의 환원파는 가역적이며 2전자반응으로 나타난다. 그리고 이미다졸 존재하의 Ni(II) 이온은 촉매파를 나타내며 Ni(II) 이온만의 환원파는 불가역성인 것에 비해 가역성을 보여주었다. 또한 그 반파전위는 Ni(II) 이온만의 반파전위보다 수백 mV 양전위로 이동된다. 이러한 성질은 전극 반응에 관여한 주물질이 전극 표면에서 흡착되어 환원되기 때문이다. 이미다졸 농도의 대수값에 대해 반파전위를 도시했을 때 그 기울기가 30mV로써 이론치와 일치한다. 한편 $Cd(II)-2CH_{3}Im$의 단계적 생성항수 $pK_{1},pK_{2},pK_{3},pK_{4}$는 각각 2.68, 4.01, 4.90, 5.36이었다.4.01, 4.90, 5.36이었다.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.234-235
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• 2002

최근 상호 결합된 chaotic 진동자들 간의 동기화의 문제는 그 시스템이 가지는 여러 가지 응용성 때문에 여러 과학 분야와 기술 분야 예를 들면 동력학, 레이져 동력학, 전자회로, 화학반응, 생물학적인 시스템 등에서 폭넓게 연구되어지고 있다. 더욱이 작은 파라미터의 차이를 제외하고 거의 유사한 chaotic 진동자들간의 상호작용에서 찾아 볼 수 있는 위상 동기화 현상은 뇌세포 조직과 같은 생물학적인 시스템들 사이에 흔히 찾아 볼 수 있는 기본적인 현상이다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1427-1434
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a psychological state estimation process that computes children's attention and tension in response to training stimuli. Joint attention was adopted as the training stimulus required for behavioral intervention, and the Discrete trial training (DTT) technique was applied as the training protocol. Three types of training stimulation contents are composed to check the user's attention and tension level and provided mounted on a character-shaped tabletop robot. Then, the gaze response to the user's training stimulus is estimated with the vision-based head pose recognition and geometrical calculation model, and the nervous system response is analyzed using the PPG and GSR bio-signals using heart rate variability(HRV) and histogram techniques. Through experiments using robots, it was confirmed that the psychological response of users to training contents on joint attention could be quantified.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.515-518
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• 2003

좋은 3D 엔진이란 객체들의 상호 작용을 실세계와 유사하게 표현하는 물리라 엔진을 말하다. 충돌은 이런 상호작용 중의 하나이며, 충돌 유무 검사와, 충돌 지점, 충돌후의 반응을 다룬다. 대부분의 물리학 엔진과 같이 충돌 검사도 정확하게 검출하려면 많은 시간이 소요된다. 그래서 개발자들은 정밀도와 시간을 절충할 수 있는 기법을 사용한다. 이렇게 사용되는 기법들이 얼마만큼의 효율성을 가지는지 검증하는 방법은 많이 제시되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 효율성의 기준을 연산 시간과 정확도로 책정했으며, 실제 개발에 적용되고 있는 알고리즘을 게임에서 발생하는 표본 상황에 적용하여 테스트 한 결과를 분석하고, 게임에 응용될 수 있는 모델을 제시한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.573-584
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• 2003

Recent massive data generation by genomics and proteomics requires bioinformatic tools to extract the biological meaning from the massive results. Here we introduce ROSPath, a database system to deal with information on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell signaling pathways. It provides a structured repository for handling pathway related data and tools for querying, displaying, and analyzing pathways. ROSPath data model provides the extensibility for representing incomplete knowledge and the accessibility for linking the existing biochemical databases via the Internet. For flexibility and efficient retrieval, hierarchically structured data model is defined by using the object-oriented model. There are two major data types in ROSPath data model: ‘bio entity’ and ‘interaction’. Bio entity represents a single biochemical entity: a protein or protein state involved in ROS cell-signaling pathways. Interaction, characterized by a list of inputs and outputs, describes various types of relationship among bio entities. Typical interactions are protein state transitions, chemical reactions, and protein-protein interactions. A complex network can be constructed from ROSPath data model and thus provides a foundation for describing and analyzing various biochemical processes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.164-176
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• 2020

Efficient production of antigen specific cytotoxic T cells is critical for appropriate adoptive immune response. In vitro culture and expansion of human T lymphocyte clones are very sophisticated and subtle procedure in immune cell therapy and hard to control. Therefore, many groups devoted their efforts to manipulate artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) that can induce T cell activation and clonal expansion. To mimicking of natural antigen-presenting cells, aAPCs encompass basic signal molecules required for T cell activation: MHC:antigen complexes, co-stimulatory molecules and soluble immune modulating molecules. Orchestrated organization of these molecules is important for efficient T cell activation. Here, we discuss how those molecules have been incorporated in several aAPC models, but also how physical properties od aAPC are important for interaction with T cells.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

Polyvinylidenefluoride and Polytetrafluoroethylene have been irradiated by 1 keV Ar+ ion beam in an $O_2$ environment. Hydrophilic functional groups (such as -(C-O)-,-(C=O)-,-(C=O)-O- and so on) were formed on fluoropolymers. Contact angles of water to PVDF were reduced from $75^{\circ}$ to $31^{\circ}$. Re-increase of contact angle was originated from carbonization phase in case of high dose irradiation above $1{\times}10^{16} Ar^+cm^2$. Contact angles to PTFE decreased at low dose irradiation and were exaggerated to about $140^{\circ}$ due to cone type surface at high dose irradiation. Hydrophilic functional groups have played an important role on adhesion between metal and fluoropolymers by acid-base interaction and chemical bond formation. Adhesion of Pt/PVDF was enhanced by acid-base interaction because Pt is inert metal. Chemical bond formation between Cu and PTFE could enlarge the adhesion strength of Cu/PTFE.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2023

The contribution of hydrophobic residues to the protein folding reaction was studied by using HubWA variant proteins with I and L to V mutation. Folding kinetics of all V variant proteins was observed to be satisfied by a three-state on-pathway mechanism, U ⇌ I ⇌ N, where U, I, and N represent unfolded, intermediate, and native state, respectively. Three-state folding reaction was quantitatively analyzed and the free energy of folding of each elementary reactions and overall folding reaction, ΔG^o_UI, ΔG^o_IN, and ΔG^o_UN, were obtained. From the ratio of free energy difference between the variant protein and HubWA, ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN (ΔΔG^o_UI = ΔG^o_UI (variant protein) - ΔG^o_UI (HubWA) and ΔΔG^o_UN = ΔG^o_UN (variant protein) - ΔG^o_UN(HubWA)), the contribution of hydrophobic residues to HubWA folding was analyzed. The residues which are located in the hydrophobic core between α-helix and β-sheet, I3, I13, L15, I30, L43, I61 and L67, showed ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN value of ~0.5 when each of these residues was mutated to V, indicating that these residues form relatively solid hydrophobic core in the intermediate state. Residues located at the end of secondary structures and loop, I23, L69 and I36 showed ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN value below 0.4 when each of these residues was mutated to V, indicating that the region containing these residues are loosely formed in the intermediate state. V17A, L50V and L56V showed fairly high ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN value of ~0.8. Since L50 and L56 are located in the region containing long loop (residue 46 to 62), it is suggested that the high ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN value of these residues prevents the formation of aggregate at the early stage of folding reaction.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

This study examined the effect of infant teacher's sensitivity, efficacy and interaction on the social and emotional development of infants. The participants of this study were 169 infants and their teachers in daycare centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The instruments were collected through teachers' responses. Data were analyzed through the variance analysis using PASW 18.0 to verify the infant teachers' susceptibility, efficacy, and infant-teacher interaction based on infant teachers' background variables; to find out the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed, and to find out the relative influence of variables on the infants' social and emotional development, stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Results were as follows. Firstly, Among the background variables of the teachers, their career as infant teachers displayed differences in the infants' social and emotional development, and the susceptibility, efficacy, and infant-teacher interactions displayed partial differences based on the teaching career, career as infant teachers, age, daycare center type, and the academic background of the teachers. Secondly, there were positive relationships between infant teacher's sensitivity, efficacy and interaction and infants' social and emotional development. Thirdly, infant teachers' sensitivity, efficacy and infant-teacher interaction had an influence on infants' social and emotional development at the same time. Especially, sensitivity and interaction were powerful and influential variables and their explained variance was 53%. These results suggested that teachers' efforts must be made to interact positively with infants and to increase their sensitivity level to respond to infants in order to increase infants' social and emotional development.