• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

Air transport today is a means of transport that is optimized for exchanges between nations. Around the world, has experienced an increase in operating and the number of airline route expansion that has entered into the international aviation agreements in order to take advantage of the air transport efficient, but the possibility of the occurrence of air transport accidents increased. When compared to the accident of other means of transport, development of air transport accidents, not high, but it leads to catastrophe aviation accident occurs. Air Transport accident many international transportation accident than domestic transportation accident, in the event of an accident, the analysis of the legal responsibility of the shipper or the like is necessary or passenger air carrier. Judgment of the legal order of discipline of air transport accident is a classification of the type of air transport agreement. Depending on the object, air transport agreements are classified into the contract of carriage of aviation of the air passenger transportation contract. For casualties occurs, air passenger transportation accident is a need more discussion of legal discipline for this particular. Korean Commercial Code, it is possible to reflect in accordance with the actual situation of South Korea the contents of the treaty, which is utilized worldwide in international air transport, even on the system, to control land, sea, air transport and welcoming to international standards. However, Korean Commercial Code, the problem of the Montreal Convention has occurred as it is primarily reflecting the Montreal Convention. As a cause of liability for damages, under the Commercial Code of Korea and the contents of the treaty precedent is reflected, the concept of accident is necessary definition of the exact concept for damages of passengers in particular. Cause of personal injury or death of passengers, in the event of an accident to the "working for the elevation" or "aircraft" on, the Montreal Convention is the mother method of Korea Commercial Code, liability for damages of air carrier defines. The Montreal Convention such, continue to be a matter of debate so far in connection with the scope of "working for the lifting of" the concepts defined in the same way from Warsaw Convention "accident". In addition, it is discussed and put to see if you can be included mental damage passenger suffered in air transport in the "personal injury" in the damage of the passenger is in the range of damages. If the operation of aircraft, injury accident, in certain circumstances, compensation for mental damage is possible, in the same way as serious injury, mental damage caused by aviation accidents not be able to live a normal life for the victim it is damage to make. So it is necessary to interpret and what is included in the injury to the body in Korea Commercial Code and related conventions, non-economic damage of passengers, clearly demonstrated from the point of view of prevention of abuse of litigation and reasonable protection of air carrier it must compensate only psychological damage that can be. Since the compensation of delay damages, Warsaw Convention, the Montreal Convention, Korea Commercial Code, there are provisions of the liability of the air carrier due to the delayed arrival of passenger and baggage, but you do not have a reference to delayed arrival, the concept of delay arrangement is necessary. The strict interpretation of the concept of delayed arrival, because it may interfere with safe operation of the air carrier, within the time agreed to the airport of arrival that is described in the aviation contract of carriage of passenger baggage, or, these agreements I think the absence is to be defined as when it is possible to consider this situation, requests the carrier in good faith is not Indian or arrive within a reasonable time is correct. The loss of passenger, according to the international passenger Conditions of Carriage of Korean Air, in addition to the cases prescribed by law and other treaties, loss of airline contracts, resulting in passengers from a service that Korean Air and air transport in question do damage was is, that the fact that Korean Air does not bear the responsibility as a general rule, that was caused by the negligence or intentional negligence of Korean Air is proof, negligence of passengers of the damage has not been interposed bear responsibility only when it is found. It is a clause in the case of damage that is not mandated by law or treaty, and responsible only if the negligence of the airline side has been demonstrated, but of the term negligence "for" intentional or negligent "Korean Air's Terms" I considered judgment of compatibility is required, and that gross negligence is appropriate. The "Korean Air international passenger Conditions of Carriage", airlines about the damage such as electronic equipment that is included in the checked baggage of passengers does not bear the responsibility, but the loss of baggage, international to arrive or depart the U.S. it is not the case of transportation. Therefore, it is intended to discriminate unfairly passengers of international flights arriving or departure to another country passengers of international flights arriving or departure, the United States, airlines will bear the responsibility for the goods in the same way as the contents of the treaty it should be revised in the direction.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.591-608
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze system thinking revealed in science teachers' teaching practices of middle school astronomy classes. Astronomy lessons were video-taped from four eighth grade science teachers. The video recordings were all transcribed and analyzed by employing a framework for systems thinking analysis after modifying an existing frame of hierarchial structure used in relevant previous studies. In addition, four participants were interviewed in order to uncover their orientation toward teaching using video stimulated recall method. Findings are as follows: All participating teachers were not able to employ the four levels of system thinking appropriately and only utilized the low level of systems thinking. They also demonstrated teacher-centered practices for employing system thinking despite their student-centered orientation toward teaching. The main reason for these results may be that teachers focused more on spatial thinking, than on system thinking as well as the lack of teacher's knowledge about the content and formative assessment of non-earth science teachers. Implications on how to effectively employ the system thinking in astronomy class are discussed in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.141-147
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• 1996

1979년 3월 Three Mile Island 2 (TMI-2) 발전소에서 사고가 발생했을 때 원자로용기내에 생성된 수소기체로 인하여 운전원은 원자로용기의 수위를 정확히 측정할 수 없었으며, 이로 인하여 사고상태를 신속히 파악하지 못하였다. TMI 사고이후 미국 원자력규제위원회 NRC는 이 같은 문제점을 해결하고자 미국내 모든 원전에서 사고 또는 비정상 조건이 발생할 경우에 원자로 용기 수위에 대하여 운전원이 신뢰성을 갖을 수 있는 후속조치를 수행토록 요구하였다. 또한 미국의 대표적인 전력연구소인 EFRI에서는 개량형 경수로 (Advanced Light Water Reactor : ALWR) 설계 요건으로 이러한 설계가 반영되도록 요건화 하였다.［1］. 본 논문에서는 2,825 MWt급 한국형 표준원전을 대상으로 EPRI에서 요구한 설계요건에 따라 TMI 2 발전소에서와 같은 사고로 인하여 수소기체가 발생했을 경우와 발전소가 비정상 상태로 인하여 증기가 발생했을 경우에, 이를 신속히 제거하여 운전원이 원자로용기의 수위를 정확히 감지할 수 있도록 하는 설계 방안을 검토하였다. 따라서, 설계방안으로 원자로용기에 모인 증기 또는 수소기체를 계통중 가장 높은 위치에 있으며, 계통구성 기기중 유일하게 2상을 유지하고 있는 가압기로 배출시키고자 두 기기간에 연결관을 설치하는 방안에 대해서 분석하였다. 원자로용기 상부해드와 가압기를 연결하는 방안은 여러가지가 있으나, 검토한 결과 한국형 표준원전에서는 연결관을 가압기 상부해드보다 4m 높게하여 원자로용기 상부해드와 연결하는 방안이 EPRI의 설계요건을 만족하면서 기존설계에 영향을 가장 적게 미치는 적합한 설계방안으로 분석되었다.크다는 단점이 있다.TEX>$_2$O$_3$ 흡착제 제조시 TiO$_2$ 함량에 따른 Co$^{2＋}$ 흡착량과 25$0^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 ZrO$_2$와 $Al_2$O$_3$의 표면에 생성된 코발트 화합물을 XPS와 EPMA로 부터 확인하였다.인을 명시적으로 설명할 수 있다. 둘째, 오류의 시발점을 정확히 포착하여 동기가 분명한 수정대책을 강구할 수 있다. 셋째, 음운 과 정의 분석 모델은 새로운 언어 학습시에 관련된 언어 상호간의 구조적 마찰을 설명해 줄 수 있다. 넷째, 불규칙적이며 종잡기 힘들고 단편적인 것으로만 보이던 중간언어도 일정한 체계 속에서 변화한다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 다섯째, 종전의 오류 분석에서는 지나치게 모국어의 영향만 강조하고 다른 요인들에 대해서는 다분히 추상적인 언급으로 끝났지만 이 분석을 통 해서 배경어, 목표어, 특히 중간규칙의 역할이 괄목할 만한 것임을 가시적으로 관찰할 수 있 다. 이와 같은 오류분석 방법은 학습자의 모국어 및 관련 외국어의 음운규칙만 알면 어느 학습대상 외국어에라도 적용할 수 있는 보편성을 지니는 것으로 사료된다.없다. 그렇다면 겹의문사를 [-wh]의리를 지 닌 의문사의 병렬로 분석할 수 없다. 예를 들어 누구누구를 [주구-이-ν가] [누구누구-이- ν가]로부터 생성되었다고 볼 수 없다. 그러므로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.836-846
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nursing educational objectives achievement, critical thinking disposition, and clinical competence and their relationships in nurses within five years after graduation. Subjects were 82 nurses who graduated one nursing college within five years and 68 managers in nursing unit of hospital. Questions were given to nurses. They reported their achievement of educational objectives of the nursing college, critical thinking disposition and clinical competence. Nursing unit managers received the same questions to evaluate nurses working at their unit. Data were collected from January to march 2014 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Mean scores for achievement of educational objectives, critical thinking disposition, and clinical competence were $3.60{\pm}0.60$, $3.46{\pm}0.28$, and $4.17{\pm}0.56$, respectively. Educational objectives achievement showed significant correlations with critical thinking disposition (r = 0.52, p <. 001) and clinical competence (r = 0.52, p < .001). Regression analysis showed that critical thinking disposition (${\beta}=.30$, p = .018) and clinical competence (${\beta}=.26$, p = .029) were significant factors for predicting educational objectives achievement. Manager's evaluation score for educational objectives achievement and clinical competence was higher than graduated nurses' report (p < .001). This could be used as a feed- back to reset educational objectives and upgrade the curriculum. These study results could be used to, establish strategies to improve educational objectives achievement.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.337-349
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• 2007

Yearly, it seems the fact that the numbers of tunnels with wide sections are on the rise as the length of tunnel and number of lanes continues increasing. According to these trends, well-schemed plans of design, construction and management related with tunnel safety has become to be crucial. It is a high possibility to be observed by the fact that the direct effects of casualties and property damages are caused by the situations of car collisions, bump to solid structures by careless driving and the outbreak on vehicles by mechanical fault. Therefore, in order to prevent these types of accidents, we would make issues md adopt appropriate mechanical and management plans of emergency exits and disaster prevention equipments inside of tunnel, based on up-to dated experiences and study of foreign cases, to structural design technology. The objectives of this study are to recognize related actual problems and suggest improvement plans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

This study was conducted using FLACS, a specialized gas accident analysis program. Hydrogen refueling stations subject of safety analysis, consist of compression facilities, storage tanks, and hydrogen piping. The safety analysis of potential risk factors was conducted after reflecting the design specifications of major facilities and components, environmental conditions around hydrogen refueling stations, etc. As of 2021, about 70 refueling stations in Korea are available, and 1,200 are scheduled to be introduced in the next 2040. To prepare for possible accidents caused by potential hazards for the safe distribution of hydrogen refueling stations, we intend to derive hydrogen leakage diffusion scenarios and review their safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

포항제철소는 제품의 선적 및 하역업무를 위래 13기의 하역기를 운영 중에 있다. 제품하역기의 운전실태는 1명의 작업자가 탑승하여 제품이 놓여질 선박 내 location을 관리한다. 특히, 중량물을 다루는 만큼 안전사고 방지를 위산 고도의 주의를 요하는 작업이다. 그러나 운전실의 위치가 지상 $13\~24m$에 위치해 있어, 하방 관측을 위해 장시간 머리를 구부려야 하므로 작업피로는 물론 요통 발생 가능성이 높다. 또한, 13기 하역기의 제작사 및 제작 시기에 차이가 있어, User Interfare가 각기 다르다. 주기적으로 하역기를 바꿔 탑승하는 작업자로서는 오조작 가능성이 있어 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 근본적으로는 이동통로 폭의 협소함에 따른 진$\cdot$출입의 문제, 전장품의 부적절한 배치에 따른 작업자 충돌 문제 등, 기본적인 인간공학적 원칙이 반영되지 않은 운전실설계로 제품하역기 작업자의 업무부하가 가중되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 인간공학적 설계원칙을 반영하여 제품하역기 운전실을 가상환경으로 제작해보고, 3차원 인제 모형을 실제로 탑승시켜 주요 설계 제약조건의 검증을 실시하였다. 3차원 가상환경 및 인체모형의 제작은 상용 3D Tool인 3ds Max 5와 Anthropos Ergomax라는 프로그램을 이용하였다. 이와같은 방법을 통해, 실제 공사 후에 발견될 문제점에 대한 사전 도출이 가능함은 물론, 보다 인간공학적인 운전실 설계가 이뤄질 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to establish development concepts for a novel collision avoidance system with preventing function of navigator's human error (Hu-CAS) in ship control behaviors. Hu-CAS consists of four modules: 1) collision risk assessment module to estimate collision priority between the ship and objects, 2) decision-making module to decide collision risk levels, 3) parameter estimation module needed in the ship control to avoid collisions and 4) control system to control the rudder angle and speed. Hu-CAS, proposed in this paper, can provide a novel system substitution current Autopilot and/or a CAS be teen manned vessel and Autonomous ship in a future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 1983

지금까지 H. Aebli, A. Fricke, R.W. Copeland, G. Steiner, E. Wittmann, R.R.Skemp, Z.P. Dienes등에 의해 Piaget이론의 수학교육적 연구가 상당한 정도로 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 Centre International D'epistemologie Genetique를 중심으로 한 집단사고와 방대한 연구결과를 집약한 소위 'Piaget이론'은 타에 그 종례를 찾아볼 수 없는 포괄적인 것인 바, 지금까지 이루어진 Piaget이론의 수학교육적 접근은 Piaget이론의 한정된 부분의 단편적인 응용에 불과하며, Piaget의 발생적 수학인식론 및 심리학의 중심원리와 연구결과를 반영한 보다 철저한 연구가 요망되고 있다. 본 고는 그 이론적 기초에 관한 연구의 일환으로 1969년에 출판된 Psychologie et pedagogie에 실린 'La didactique des mathematiques'와 1972년 ICMI의 제2차 수학교육국제회의에 기고한 논문 'Comments on mathematical education'에 나타난 수학교육에 대한 Piaget자신의 견해를 그의 수학인식론의 분석적 고찰을 통해 양세화하고, 그 실제적 구현방안을 제시해 본 것이다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.14
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• pp.43-60
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• 2001

수학적 기호는 수학이라는 특수한 분야에 한정되어 사용되는 언어라고 할 수 있다. Usiskin(1996)은 수학을 쓰고 수학적 의미를 의사 소통하는 데에 기호가 그 수단이 되기 때문에 수학 또한, 수학적 기호로 만들어진 언어라고 말하였다. 그러나, 수학적 언어와 일상 언어사이의 이중성 때문에 언어로써 수학 기호는 학생들을 힘들게 만든다. 교사에게는 의미 있는 기호일지라도 학생들에게는 친숙하지 않을 수 있기 때문에, 많은 학생들이 자신들의 수학적 사고를 표현하거나 개념을 반영하거나 또는 아이디어를 확장하기 위해, 수학을 말하고, 읽고, 이해하고 쓰는 데에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 학생들이 기호체계에 능숙해지도록 도와주고, 수학 학습과 문제 해결을 위해 수학 기호 언어가 의미 있고 접근하기 쉬운 의사소통 매체가 되게 하기 위하여 언어적 접근에 의하여 수학적기호의 교수-학습지도 방법에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.