• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.1 s.20
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

Temperature inversion off Wasaka Bay in the East Sea was studied using data measured on a CREAMS cruise in June of 1995 and 1996. Temperature inversion occurred mainly at the upper layer of the thermocline at a depth of no more than 20 m and around the thermal front between the TWC and the coastal waters of Japan. At some stations. temperature inversion had an influence un density inversion, while, in some other stations, high salinity water prevented density inversion.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1982

Density inversions are investigated by using the oceanographic data of temperature and salinity obtained in the Japan Sea Srom 1965 To 1979. The density inversions are found more frequently in winter than summer. About one half of the Japan Sea has the density inversions in winter, while in summer, they appear only in the small part os the Korean Strait. The inversions are usually sormed surface layers of a few tens of meters. Such phenomena can be explained by the advection of cold water in the suface layer by Ekman drift: In winter, the southward flow of surface cold water due to northwesterly monsoon causes the density inversions, and in summer, surface layer on the Korean strit unstable.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.347-352
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• 2017

Reverse electrodialysis (RED), which generates electrical energy from the difference in concentration of two solutions, has been actively studied owing to its high potential and the increased interest in renewable energy resulting from the Paris Agreement on climate change. For RED commercialization, its power density needs to be maximized, and therefore various methods have been discussed. In this paper, the power density was measured using various flow shapes based on the aspect ratio, opening ratio, and number of distribution channels. We found that the power density is enhanced with a decrease in the aspect ratio and an increase in the opening ratio and number of distribution channels.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.21-27
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• 1993

계층형 신경망은 패턴 분류를 위해 사용되어 왔다. 이것은 주어진 교사패턴들의 학습으로 원하는 입력-출력 간의 매핑을 할 수 있기 때문이다. 신경망은 타겟ㅌ트 패턴이 입력 패턴의 카테고리에 일치할 때 타겟트 패턴을 학습하므로서 사후 확률을 근사화할 수 있다. 그리고 입력 공간을 부분 공간으로 나누어 학습 데이터들의 비율로서 만든 타겟트 벡터들로 학습한 신경망은 확률밀도 함수를 나타낼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 역전파 학습법을 이용한 계층형 NN 과 코드북으로서 사후 확률과 확률밀도함수의 측정방법을 제안하였다. VQ 로 추정한 사후확률고 확률밀도함수를 이용하여 학습이 필요없는 RBF network 의 일종인 PNN으로 모음 인식을 수행 하였다. 인식 실험에서 PNN 의 결과는 역전파 학습법을 이용항 3층 신경망과 VQ 의 평균 인식율과 비교되었다. VQ-PNN의 인식율이 다른 것보다 우수하게 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2004

This paper deals with the numerical analysis of natural convection flow induced by the density inversion effect of water inside horizontal pipe. The numerical method is based on SIMPLE/PWIM in general coordinate for its wide applicabilities. The numerical tool was validated through the comparison with the previous results concerning the density inversion effect of water It is shown that the developed numerical tool could predict the flow pattern and the heat transfer phenomena qualitatively And it is also found that the density inversion effect of water has significant effects on the flow pattern.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.323-323
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• 2011

본 연구는 냉각점이 중간에 위치하는 정적제빙형인 관외 제빙기내에서의 물의 자연대류 현상에 대해 수치적으로 다루고 있다. 자연대류현상과 열전도에 의해 조절되는 물에 이동을 유한차분법을 이용해 2차원적으로 계산하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 물의 온도가 4[$^{\circ}C$]에서 밀도역전현상이 일어나는 것을 수치해석의 결과와 비교한다. 자연대류의 변화에 따른 결과는 수치해석을 통해 등온선과 유선형의 그래프로부터 알 수 있었다. 그 중에서도 물의 온도와 밀도의 관계에 따라 자연대류의 변화가 일어나는 것을 수치해석을 통해 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.517-517
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• 2012

높은 전력 효율과 간단한 매칭 네트워크의 구조 등 많은 장점을 갖고 있는 직경 560 mm 페라이트 챔버가 대면적 웨이퍼에 대응하기 위해 개발 되었다. 플라즈마 소스원이 챔버 외곽에 위치해 있는 구조적 특성으로 인하여 아르곤 가스 방전 시 플라즈마 밀도 분포는 챔버 중앙부가 낮게 나타나는 볼록한 모양으로 형성 되는데 헬륨 가스를 적절히 혼합할 시에 밀도 분포가 변화가 관찰된다. 헬륨 가스 혼합 비에 따라 플라즈마 밀도 분포는 균일도가 매우 높아 질 수 있으며 60% 이상의 혼합비에서는 중앙 부분의 밀도가 최대치로 역전되는 오목한 밀도 분포가 나타나기도 한다. 이는 헬륨 가스의 대표적인 특징인 가벼운 질량과 높은 이온화 에너지 등에 기인하는데 이러한 특징을 갖는 헬륨 가스를 주입하게 되면 전자의 energy relaxation length가 늘어나게 되며 ambipolar diffusion 계수가 증가하게 된다. 랑뮈어 프로브를 이용하여 측정된 플라즈마 밀도 분포 변화는 앞서 계산 된 energy relaxation length 및 ambipolar diffusion 계수들의 변화로 설명된다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 1996

A new RNA virus isolated from abnormally swimming behavior has caused mortalities in salmonid fish (Oh et al., 1995 a), A reverse transcriptase (RTase) activity of the virus was determined by using poly r(A) : oligo d(T) as templete : primer. This RTase activity was associated with virus particles of buoyant density of 1.16 g/ml. The virus particles in sucrose fractions were enveloped and were about 85 nm diameter with central electron-dense core. The brain and kidney samples of artificially infected fish showed RTase activity. Virus particle associated proteins about 120, 80, 65, 61, 48, 42, 35, 30, 25, 19, and 15 kDa were observed when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. This study showed the presence of a new retrovirus in salmonid fish, which tentatively called RVS (Retrovirus of salmonid).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2015

Salinity gradient power (SGP) has attracted significant attention because of its high potential. In this study, we evaluate reverse electrodialysis (RED) with various compositions of available resources. The polarization curve (I-V characteristics) shows linear behavior, and therefore the power density curve has a parabolic shape. We measure the power density with varying compartment thicknesses and inlet flow rates. The gross power density increases with decreasing compartment thickness and increasing flow rate. The net power density, which is the gross power density minus the pumping power, has a maximum value at a compartment thickness of 0.2 mm and an inlet flow rate of 22.5 mL/min. The power density in RED is also evaluated with compositions of desalination brines, seawater, river water, wastewater, and brackish water. A maximum power density of $1.75W/m^2$ is obtained when brine discharged from forward osmosis (FO) and river water are used as the concentrated and the diluted solutions, respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.365-370
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• 2011

The ice-thermal energy storage cooling system has been applied to relief a significant portion of the peak demand of electricity during the daytime in summer. Slurry ice type system is one kind of ice-thermal storage cooling system utilizing cheaper off-peak electricity. This study is experimented to observe an influence of experimental conditions on production characteristics of slurry ice by using reversing flow, which is putting reversing material into test section to disturb ice adhesion. At this experiment, poly propylene ball of dimeter 10 mm was used as reversing material, and ethylene glycol-water solution of 20wt% concentration was used as flow material. The experimental apparatus was constructed of the slurry ice making and storage tank(test section), the brine tank, pumps for ethylene glycol-water solution and brine circulating, a mass flow-meter, data logger for fluid temperature measuring. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with volumetric flow rate, ball filling rate and air filling rate.