• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.22-25
• /
• 1988

일반적으로 미생물들은 균종에 따라 독특한 색소를 생성하거나 수율이 낮다는 문제점을 갖고 있었다. 그러나 최근 발효기술의 발달및 유전자 재조합, 세포 융합등의 발달로 미생물 색소의 개발 가능성이 한층 높아졌다. 따라서 미생물에 의해 생산 가능한 천연색소에 대하여 그 현황과 전망을 개략적으로 기술하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 1978

Of the eight single acids, only the tyrosine induced the pigmentation. By dint of tracer works of labelled tyrosine with wild type and two mutants, 82% of carboxyl-tyrosine was incroporated, into the primary cellular metabolite and 19% of this was inverted to the red pigment. And 11% was incorporated into the red pigment directly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1976.10a
• /
• pp.186.1-186
• /
• 1976

광합성 세균의 특징중의 하나로서 색소를 함유하고 있는데 이들 색소는 Bacteriochlorophyll과 carotenoids 색소에 유래하는 것이다. Carotenoid의 생체내에서 많은 기능 가운데 주된 기능은 광산화의 Protector로서 뿐만 아니라 광합성시의 방사에너지의 보조흡수체 임이 밝혀지고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1978.10a
• /
• pp.207.1-207
• /
• 1978

이미 발표한바 있는 Monascous sp.의 색소 배양액으로부터 식품응용에 적용하기 위한 기초적 자료를 얻기 위하여 조색소 분말의 생산, 물리적 성상과 생리적 성질을 검토하였다. 본 실험은 발효액으로부터 60％ alcohol과 pe-troleum ether로 추출하여 alcohol층에서 적색계, petroleum ether층에서 황색계 색소를 얻었으며, 생산된 적색계 조색소는 5종의 색소물질이 복합되어 있었고 pH 3에서 9까지 안정하였으며 O.D 495∼500nm에서 흡수극대를 나타내었다. 적색 조색소분말(색소 1000mcg/mg 기준 때)과 색소액은 시험 시료농도에서 bio-activity는 없었으며 급성 독소시험은 positive 용혈반응 negative였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1979

Yellow pigment was extracted by petroleum ether, and red pigment by 60％ ethanol. By thin layer chromatography red pigment preparation consists of more than five species whereas yellow pigment preparation consist of single species. The absorption curve of pigment solution exhibits maximum peak at wavelongth range of 495~500 nm and endo pigment at 394~403 nm. Pigment solution was relatively stable at the pH range of 3~9. Extracted pigment solution gave negative hemolysis test and pigment showed no bio-activity and nontoxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1978.10a
• /
• pp.206.3-206
• /
• 1978

태국으로부터 발효원료 수입된 Tapioca chips에 부착된 사상균과 곡자, 공기, 식물의 잎으로부터 적색색소를 생산하는 미생물을 분리하여 그 배양조건을 검토하였다. 분리한 균수는 Eumycetes중 균사에 septa를 가지는 Ascomycetes과의 Monascus sp.로 동정되었다. 최적 적색색소 생산의 배지조성분은 탄소원으로 Tapioca chips powder 3.5%, 질소원으로 $NaNO_3$ 0.2%, amino acid 중 L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline 0.3%, vitamin 중 folic acid, niacin 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι. 무기염류로 $MnO_2$ 0.001% 첨가가 효과적이었고 배양온도 $32~33^{\circ}C,$ pH 6.5, 배양기간 4일, 배지용량 100/500mι, 진탕배양(180rpm)의 조건하에서 적색색소 생산이 잘 되었다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.693-702
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out in order to investigate the colorimetric values, the color sensation and sensibility for naturally dyed fabrics with microbial prodiginine colorant and to find out the relationship among color sensation, color sensibility factors and colorimetric properties of them. Color sensation and sensibility of four different fabric stimuli coloring red purple by a microbial prodiginine colorant produced from Zooshikella sp. were subjectively evaluated by university students. The color sensibility for the naturally dyed fabrics was classified into four factors: 'pleasantness', 'gracefulness', 'characteristic' and 'relax'. Color sensibility factor 'pleasantness' was the dominant factor for the naturally dyed fabrics with microbial prodiginine colorant. All color sensibility factors showed a significant correlations with the color sensation and colorimetric properties of the dyed fabrics with prodiginine. There were showed significant relationships between the color sensibility factors and lightness $L^{\ast}$, color saturation $C^{\ast}$, $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$. Also, color preference of the dyed fabrics with prodiginine was found to be influenced mainly by color sensibility factors.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2002

The time-dependent changes of red pigments production in solid-state plant scale fermentor using barley cultured with Monascus sp., instead of rice which was traditionally used, were investigated in this study. A steady increase in the yield of red pigments in barley occurred between the 3rd and 6th days. The optimized conditions (inoculation volume = 6∼8%, initial pH = 6, air supply = 0.6∼0.8 m) promoted the production of red pigments. Short-time steaming of barley (< 20 min) decreased fungal growth and pigments production due to the insufficient gelatiniza-tion. The optical density of the red pigments under the optimized conditions was 120 at 500 ]nm per gram of barley. In addition, the metabolites from the fermented barley with Monucus sp. showed antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Barley was shown to be one of the best grain sources for solid-state fermentation with Monascu sp., fur obtaining natural pigments and also functional food materials.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 1990

The objective intended for this study is that of providing a fairly practical guide to the use of natural pigment in the food industry. Streptomyces isolated from soil were carried out test for the excretion of their bluish purple pigment. One strain of Streptomyces, strain KS-89 showed a high production of bluish purple pigment on the glycerol starch-glutamate medium. The morphological and physiological characteristics of the strain KS-89 were studied according to the methods of Bergey's manual, Nonomura's classification, and Ridham and Lyons classification. Based on the results obtained in these experiments, strain KS-89 was identified as Streptomyces californicus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.319-323
• /
• 1998

Conversion of Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment into blue-green pigment by 8 bacterial species was examed. Bioconversion pattern can be categorized into three types according to absorption spectra characteristics. The same pattern of the value of ${\Delta}E$ estimated by color differencemeter was also observed. Conversion rate by S. epidermidis was faster than other bacterial species. It took 16 hour for S. epidermidis to convert pigment at $37^{\circ}C$. Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment and conversion pigment were completely separated by Amberlite XAD column chromatography with $H_2O-MeOH$ solvent system. Storage stability of the conversion pigment was better than Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment.