• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and melanin synthesis inhibition of several pear cultivars (Pyruspyrifolia). The total polypenolic content of five pear cultivars was high in the unripe developmental stage. Total polyphenolic content of the Chuwhangbae cultivar extract was higher than that of other pear cultivars regardless of the developmental stage. However, the total flavonoid content did not differ between cultivars or developmental stages. The phenolic compound, arbutin has an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Arbutin levels in pear cultivars declined as the fruit matured. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract also decreased as the fruit ripened. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, most of the cultivar extracts inhibited melanin synthesis by about 50% at a $100{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ concentration, except in the Gamcheonbae extract until 90 days after full bloom. We have confirmed that the extract of pear cultivars have antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2017

Whitening and anti-oxidant effects were observed in order to investigate the biological activations of Salvia plebeia herb ethanol extracts. No toxicity was found in both B16F10 melanoma cells and Raw 264.7 cells exposed to Salvia plebeia herb ethanol extracts for 48 hour. The extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in cell-free and cell-cultured system. In the DPPH radical assay, it removed dose-dependently DPPH radicals and showed 77.6% at $100{\mu}g/mL$. In the cells, it also significantly removed silica-induced ROS generation and LPS-induced NO production in a dose dependent manner. Using L-DOPA and L-tyrosine as a substrate, tyrosinase activity was inhibited using Salvia plebeia herb ethanol extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The supression occurred to be in the B16F10 melanoma cells, where dose-dependently inhibited Salvia plebeia herb ethanol extracts of $1{\mu}g/M$ ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulated hormone-induced melanin production and the inhibitory effect was 30.7% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. This suggests that the Salvia plebeia herb ethanol extracts are usable for cosmetic product developments for anti-oxidant and whitening effects.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2021

Aloe has been widely used as a cosmetic and medicinal plant. Until now, several effects such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunity and whitening of aloe gel extract have been reported, but research on aloe by-products occurring in food processing has not been actively conducted. In this study, we investigated whether the aloe by-product extract from food processing could be used as a functional biomaterial. Cytotoxicity was not seen in both the mixer and press extracts. Inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was detected only in the mixer extract and not in the press. It was confirmed that hyaluronic acid accumulation and tyrosinase inhibition increased according to the treatment concentration of the mixer extract. The antimicrobial activity of the mixer extract was observed in the Porphyromonas gingivalis strain, but not in the Streptococcus mutans strain. Antioxidant activity through DPPH and SOD analysis increased with the concentration of the mixer extract. In summary, it was confirmed that the mixer extract of aloe by-products has the effect of inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, moisturizing, whitening, and antioxidant, suggesting the possibility of using it as a functional bio-material for health drinks or beauty masks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2024

In this study, the various whitening activities of Inonotus obliquus were assessed for potential use as functional cosmetic materials. When measuring electron donating ability to confirm the antioxidant ability of I. obliquus extract, increased activity was observed as the concentration increased, and it was found an outstanding antioxidant capacity of 82.1% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Also, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect, related to a whitening effect, was found to have inhibitory activity that increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of verifying the viability of melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT assay showed cell viability of more than 80% at concentrations below 100 ㎍/ml. Therefore, cell-related experiments were conducted at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. By measuring protein expression related to melanin synthesis via treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that protein expression was inhibited in all factors, depending on the concentration. TRP-1 and MITF appeared by 40.1% and 64.2% amount of expression, respectively, at 100 ㎍/ml concentrations, and tyrosinase and TRP-2 were verified as having better protein expression inhibition than arbutin. In measuring mRNA expression related to melanin synthesis by treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that mRNA expression was suppressed as the concentration increased. Accordingly, it was confirmed that I. obliquus extract has excellent whitening activity and could be used as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of UV protection products using natural materials. The research method is investigation and analyzation of the current status of the domestic and foreign industries, natural material research trends, and patent status of skin care-related sunscreen. As the result of the study, the U.S. market for sunscreen is the largest one, accounting for about 21% of the world, and the Chinese market is rapidly growing. The top four major types of functional cosmetics in Korea are complex functional products, followed by wrinkle improvement, sunscreen and whitening, and both the global and domestic markets continue to grow continuously. Over the past decade, research trends in natural sunscreen materials have shown that Scutellaria baicalensis, Humulus lupulus L., licorice, Finger root, Green tea, lespedeza cuneata extracts are effective, and in addition, they are also effective in photo-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, whitening, and wrinkle improvement. The patent registration status is on the rise and the ingredients were secured from plants and seaweeds. As the conclusion of this research, It is expected that natural UV protection material will be able to be used as multi-functional cosmetics material by developing safe and proven natural materials in line with future global trends.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.2 s.51
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the application of an extract from Ephedra sinica which has been composed of traditional Korean medicine as a whitening ingredient. The extract of Ephedra sinica which was obtained from the mixture of methanol and water (1:1) the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase. Then, Ephedra sinica was extracted by two different solvents. One was water and the other was methylene chloride. Only, the water extract of Ephedra sinica showed the inhibitory effort of tyrosinase; the anti-tyrosinase activity with $0.2\%$ of the water extract was $60.6\%$. But the extract of Ephedra sinica in methylene chloride fraction showed little inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. The inhibitory effect of the concentrated water extract of Ephedra sinica was tested on L-DOPA auto-oxidation and melanin synthesis in B-16 melanoma. In L-DOPA auto-oxidation, $0.5\%$ of the concentrated water extract showed $87\%$ of inhibition of L-DOPA auto-oxidation and the $0.75\%$ concentrated Ephedra sinica extract in wafer fraction inhibited $98.8\%$ of that. In melanin synthesis of B-16 melanoma, the concentrated water effect of Ephedra sinica inhibited $70.2\%$ or $79.9\%$ of inhibitory effect on that at the concentration of $0.05\%$ or $0.075\%$, respectively. For verifying the skin whitening effect of the concentrated water extract of Ephedra sinica in vivo, we performed the clinical test of that. The research showed the significant skin whitening effect of a cream containing $0.5\%$ Ephedra sinica extract and the statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between sample (containing $0.5\%$ Ephedra sinica extract) and placebo after 10 weeks.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the whitening effect of Androsace umbellata extract. To discover the anti-pigmentation effective, we investigated Androsace umbellata extract on tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition. As results, it reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in B16F1 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner with decreased to about 32% at a concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$. To reveal how it works in inner-cellular level, we performed Western blot method. We found out that it also inhibited the protein expression in tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytes. Therefore, we successfully identified the whitening effect of Androsace umbellata extract, and this finding suggested that Androsace umbellata extract is a considerable potent cosmetics ingredient for whitening. Based on this, we anticipated further researches about Androsace umbellata extract for gene levels and additional mechanisms to develop not only for functional cosmetics but for medicines or healthcare food.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the whitening effects of hot water (AMPW) and ethanol (AMPE) extracts of Mangifera indica L. peel. To verify the whitening effects, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured. 9.51% inhibitory activity, and 35.98% inhibitory activity at 1,000 ㎍/ml. The effects of AMPW and AMPE on cell viability were measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Greater than 95% cell viability was observed at 100 ㎍/ml. Thus, subsequent experiments were performed at concentrations less than 100 ㎍/ml. The whitening effects were confirmed by measuring the protein and mRNA expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2, which are factors involved in melanin synthesis. Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that 100 ㎍/ml AMPW and AMPE showed superior inhibitory effects than the control treatment (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone only). Therefore, Mangifera indica L. peel extract had a whitening effect, and thus, has potential as a natural material for use in cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the skin whitening and UV absorption effects of bioconverted Beta vulagaris (BBE) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SM4, and the effects were evaluated by measuring total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical elimination activity (RSA), and tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI). TPC and TFC of BBE were 25.0 mg GAE/g DM and 8.05 mg QE/g DM, which were 1.3 and 1.1 times higher than hot-water extract (HWE) respectively. RSA, an indicator of antioxidant activity, and TAI, an indicator of skin-whitening effect, were 36.8%, and 68.6%, respectively, 1.1 and 1.2 times higher than that of HWE. UVA and UVB absorption of BBE were 21.4 and 87.6%, which was 1.4 and 1.7 times higher than that of HWE respectively. When main substances of BBE were analyzed using LC-MS/MS, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, a type of polyphenols known to have high antioxidant and skin-whitening effects, were identified. As a results, BBE is expected to be used as a functional cosmetic material as it has excellent antioxidant, skin whitening, and UV absorption properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2013

To investigate the potential use of makgeolli by-products as cosmetic materials, their phenolic and kojic acid contents, antioxidant activity, whitening effect, and anti-wrinkle activity were evaluated. Extracts were obtained with five different solvents (containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% ethanol) from nuruk lees (NL), rice lees (RL), raw makgeolli (RM), and commercial makgeolli (CM) at 20 and $50^{\circ}C$. NL and CM extracts prepared with 75% ethanol had the highest phenolic contents (13.26 and 16.66 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively) at 20 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The highest kojic acid content was found in NL extracts with 0% ethanol at $20^{\circ}C$, while kojic acid was not detected in extracts prepared at $50^{\circ}C$. NL and RL extracts at $20^{\circ}C$ showed significant antioxidant activity. Whitening effects, determined by tyrosinase inhibitory activity, were highest for the NL extract prepared with 75% ethanol at $50^{\circ}C$. Noticeable anti-wrinkling effects, estimated by elastase inhibition activity, were also found in NL and RL extracts. These results suggest that makgeolli by-products could be valuable cosmetic materials with antioxidant, whitening, and anti-wrinkle activities.