Effect of Various Pear Cultivars at Different Fruit Development Stages on Antioxidant and Whitening Activities
![]() |
Yim, Sun-Hee
(Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science)
Cho, Kwang-Sik (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) Choi, Jin-Ho (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) Lee, Ju-Hyun (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) Kim, Myung-Su (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) Lee, ByulHaNa (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science) |
1 | Kim EC, Ahn SY, Hong ES, Li GH, Kim EK, Row KH. Extraction of whitening agents from natural plants and whitening effect. Appl.Chem. Eng. 16: 348-353 (2005) |
2 | Svobodova A, Psotova J, Walterova D. Natural phenolics in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. Biomed. Pap. 147: 137-145 (2003) DOI |
3 |
Eberlein-Konig B, Placzek M, Przybilla B. Protective effect against sunburn of combined systemic ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and d- |
4 | Takebayashi J, Ishii R, Chen J, Matsumoto T, Ishimi Y, Tai A. Reassessment of antioxidant activity of arbutin: Multifaceted evaluation using five antioxidant assay systems. Free Radical Res. 44: 473-478 (2010) DOI |
5 | Tse TW. Hydroquinone for skin lightening: Safety profile, duration of use and when should we stop? J. Dermatol. Treat. 21: 272-275 (2010) DOI |
6 | Zhu YZ, Huang SH, Tan BKH, Sun J, Whiteman M, Zhu YC. Antioxidants in Chinese herbal medicines: A biochemical perspective. Nat. Prod. Rep. 21: 478-489 (2004) DOI |
7 | Bajpai VK, Yoon JI, Kang SC. Antioxidant and antidermatophytic activities of essential oil and extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47: 2606-2612 (2009) DOI |
8 | Eun JB, Eo JH, Lee BD. Functional compounds and biological activity of Asian pear. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 45: 60-69 (2012) |
9 | Petit L, Pirard GE. Skin-lightening products revisited. Int. J. Cosmetic Sci. 25: 169-181 (2003) DOI |
10 | Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 28: 25-30 (1995) DOI |
11 | Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Bio. Med. 26: 1231-1237 (1999) DOI |
12 | Doh ES., Chang JP, Kil KJ, Choi MS, Yang JK, Yun CW, Jeong SM, Jung YH, Lee GH. Antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity of fermented Allium victorialis L. extract. Korean J. Plant Res. 24: 30-39 (2011) DOI |
13 | Kim SM, Kim DY, Park HR, Seo JH, Yeom BM, Jin YJ, Pyo YH. Screening the antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of extracts derived from five varieties of edible spring flowers. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 46: 13-18 (2014) DOI |
14 | Zhang X, Lee FZ, Eun JB. Changes of phenolic compounds and pectin in Asian pear fruit during growth. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol . 39: 7-13 (2007) |
15 | Hong JY, Nam HS, Kim NW, Shin SR. Changes on the components of Elaeagnus multiflora fruits during maturation. Korean J. Food Preserv. 13: 228-233 (2006) |
16 | Hong JY, Nam HS, Shin SR. Changes on the antioxidant activities of extracts from the Ziziphus jujube miller fruits during maturation. Korean J. Food Preserv. 17: 712-719 (2010) |
17 | Yang AY, Boo HO. Phenolic compounds, antimicrobial effects and tyrosinase inhibition activities of cucumber grown greenhouse according to cultivars and growth stages. Korean J. Plant Res. 26: 645-651 (2013) DOI |
18 | Kang YJ, Yang MH, Ko WJ, Park SR, Lee BG. Studies on the major components and antioxidative properties of whole fruit powder and juice prepared from premature mandarin orange. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 37: 783-788 (2005) |
19 | Park YG, Kim SH, Chung HG. Antioxidant potential in the fruits of Pyrus species (pear) in Korea. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 15: 335-338 (2007) |
20 | Park YO, Choi JJ, Choi JH, Kim MS, Yim SH, Lee HC. Antioxidant activities of young and mature fruit in three Asian pear cultivars. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 30: 208-213 (2012) |
21 | Maeda K, Fukuda M. Arbutin: Mechanism of its depigmenting action in human melanocyte culture. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 276: 765-769 (1996) |
22 | Cui T, Nakamura K, Ma L, Li JZ, Kayahara H. Analyses of arbutin and chlorogenic acid, the major phenolic constituents in oriental pear. J. Agr. Food Chem. 53: 3882-3887 (2005) DOI |
23 | Adom KK, Sorrells ME, Liu RH. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of wheat varieties. J. Agr. Food Chem. 51: 7825-7834 (2003) DOI |
24 | Boo HO, Lee HH, Lee JW, Hwang SJ, Park SU. Different of total phenolics and flavonoids, radical scavenging activities and nitrite scavenging effects of Momordica charantia L. according to cultivars. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 17: 15-20 (2009) |
25 | Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Bio. Med. 20: 933-956 (1996) DOI |
26 | Choi EO, Kim HS, Han MH, Choi YH, Park C, Kim BW, Hwang HJ. Effects of Hizikia fusiforme fractions on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. J. Life Sci. 23: 1495-1500 (2013) DOI |
27 | Yamakoshi J, Otsuka F, Sano A, Tokutake S, Saito M, Kikuchi M, Kubota Y. Lightening effect on ultraviolet-induced pigmentation of guinea pig skin by oral administration of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds. Pigm. Cell Res. 16: 629-638 (2003) DOI |
28 | Hwang YS, Chun JP, Lee JC, Seo JH. Storage response of 'kamchun' and 'chuhwang' pears by harvest dates. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 19: 48-53 (2001) |
29 | Kim DH, Moon YS, Park TS, Hwang JY, Son JH. Potent whitening activity of Aruncus dioicus extract in B16F10 melanoma cell by suppression of melanin biosynthesis. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 31: 813-820 (2013) |
30 | Iwata M, Corn T, Iwata S, Everett MA, Fuller BB. The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins. J. Invest. Dermatol. 95: 9-15 (1990) DOI |
31 | Kim JS, Seo YC, Choi WY, Kim HS, kim BH, Shin DH, Yoon CS, Lim HW, Ahn JH, Lee HY. Enhancement of antioxidant activities and whitening effect of Acer mono sap through nano encapsulation processes. Korean J. Med. Crop. Sci. 19: 191-197 (2011) DOI |
32 | Jeon MH, Kim MH, Jang HJ, Lee SW, Kim JH, Kim HS, Lee SH. Whitening effect of Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract and its fractions. J. Life Sci. 22: 889-896 (2012) DOI |
![]() |