• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2009

In our search for the natural cosmetic ingredients, we found that Euryale ferox seed extract exhibited the strong antioxidative activity. Five active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract through various chromatographic methods and their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis. These compounds were identified as fucosterol (1), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-[(7'R),5'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl]tetrahydrofuran (2), resorcinol (3), pyrogallol (4) and 4-O-methylgallic acid (5).We evaluated the antioxidative, antielastase activities and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of these compounds. The $SC_{50}$ values of compounds 2 ~ 5 for free radical scavenging activity were $17.0\;{\sim}\;100.2\;{\mu}M$ and especially compounds 4 and 5 were 6-fold more effective than ferulic acid as a positive control. And compounds 2 ~ 4 inhibited human neutrophil elastase with $IC_{50}$ values of $18.8\;{\sim}\;78.2\;{\mu}M$ and compound 3 also inhibited melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells with an $IC_{50}$ value of $492.8\;{\mu}M$. These results suggest that Euryale ferox extract having a lot of various active ingredients may be useful as a natural multi-functioning agent.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2011

The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of extracts from Phellodendron amurense was examined. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 60% ethanol extracts was determined as 25% and the inhibitory activity of 60% ethanol extracts against melanin biosynthesis in melanoma cell (B16F10) was 31.2%. The purified inhibitory compounds against tyrosinase by Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography from P. amurense was confirmed as obacunone by $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and Fast atom bombardment (FAB)-Mass spectrum. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of purified obacunone was respectively as 35.1%. The safety of essence with tyrosinase inhibitory compounds from P. amurense was also assayed by various safety profiles. First, pH and viscosity change of essence for 60 days were not detected. The essence also showed the stability against temperature and light for 60 days. All these findings suggest that extracts from P. amurense has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient, which has a potent whitening effect.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.635-644
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whitening effect of combination between arbutine and oil soluble licorice extract. Inhibitory effects of arbutin and oil soluble licorice extract against tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells were assessed in vitro to determine whitening effect. MTT assay with B16 melanoma cells showed that mixture (arbutin and oil soluble) was not each concentration. Both oil soluble licorice extract and arbutin induced dose-dependent inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity. Various concentrations (oil soluble extract : arbutin = 1:1. 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5) of mixtures also significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells by 40-51%. In addition, the mixtures reduced the melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells by more than 50% at each concentration. These results suggest that mixtures of arbutin and oil soluble licorice extract are very effective whitening ingredients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2003

Biological efficacy assays, including antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and anticancer activities of Chlorella hydrolysate, were carried out. In tyrosinase inhibition assay of Chlorella hydrolysate, $IC_{50}$(inhibitory concentration) was measured as 12%. Chlorella hydrolysate showed high anti-lung cancer activity of 88.2% at a concentration of 0.15%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2018

In this study, Coffea arabica ethanol extract (CAE) was tested for possible functional cosmetic agent. Whitening effect was measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and anti-oxidant activity was checked by SOD-like activity. SOD-like activity of CAE showed $94.8{\pm}6.2%$ at $500{\mu}g/mL$. The anti-bacterial activities CAE was evaluated against three different gram-positive bacteria and six gram-negative bacteria including MRSA strains. CAE exhibited in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial activities of gram-negative bacteria without antifungal activity. CAE was strong exhibited against MRSA CCARM3561. The tyrosinase and L-DOPA inhibitory activities of the CAE lower than those positive control arbutin. CAE reduced melanin contents of B16-F10 melanoma cell in a dose dependent manner and decrease about 89.2% at a concentration $100{\mu}g/mL$. These result highlight the potential of coffee extract as a naturally active and non-toxic antibacterial suitable for cosmetic applications.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the whitening effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in addition to its antioxidative activities. The cytotoxicity of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus was 7.6% at 10.0% (v/v) concentration. Its cytotoxicity was lower than 3.2% of Lactobacillus casei when adding the same concentration. Lactobacillus rhamnosus exhibited high antioxidative activities at 14.9% of DPPH radical scavenging activity, and a lower reducing power was measured. Lactobacillus casei exhibited relatively lower antioxidative activities at 13.4%. The tyrosinase inhibition activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus was observed at 31.3% when adding 10.0% (v/v), as compared to 17.7% for Lactobacillus casei. Lactobacillus rhamnosus demonstrated strong inhibition activity for melanin synthesis at 58.6% when adding 10.0% (v/v), while Lactobacillus casei increased to 80.6%. It was also observed that the high antioxidative activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus were strongly correlated to whitening activities, due to the inhibition of both tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. These results support the expanded use of lactic acid bacteria as a functional bioresources in the cosmetics industry.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2009

We found that silymarin exhibited the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in a spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. Silymarin is a standardized extract obtained from the dried seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.). Silymarin significantly prevented melanin production in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of 28.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ without effects on cell viability. Also, silymarin inhibited tyrosinase activity in melanocyte, while it did not affect the catalytic activity of cell-free tyrosinase. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that silymarin decreased the expression of tyrosinase protein. Silybin A/B and isosilybin A/B were also able to inhibit melanin production and tyrosinase expression in protein level. Double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 2 % silymarin showed that silymarin have a significant skin whitening effect. Therefore, this study suggests that silymarin may be useful as a natural skin whitening agent.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-301
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• 2008

In order to develop a new depigmenting agent, extracts were obtained from 60 native plants and their antimelanogenic activities were screened by evaluating the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase which is a major enzyme responsibles for the melanin synthesis. The extracts of Trichosanthes kirilowii fruits, Phyllostachys bambusoides inner films (BIF), Clerodendrum trichotomum leaves, and Acer okamotoanum leaves showed relatively high inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and their $IC_{50}$ values were $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$. The extract of BIF inhibited melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells by 52%, which was the highest among those of various extracts. Furthermore, the effect of BIF extract is 10% higher than that of arbutin (42%), a popular depigmenting agent in Korea. Ten compounds having antimelanogenic activity were isolated from the BIF extract by solvent extraction and chromatography. These compounds were identified as phenolic derivatives: SM701, SM702, SM703, and BPR211 were hydroquinone derivatives; SM707 a gallic acid derivative; SM704, SM705, SM706, SM708 and SM709 ferulic acid derivatives. The free radical scavenging activities of these compounds were measured and compared to those of hydroquinone and vitamin C. The $SC_{50}$ values scavenging 50% DPPH of SM702 and SM709 were $60{\sim}70{\mu}M$ similar to that of hydroquinone and those of SM701 and SM708 were $30{\sim}40{\mu}M$ slightly lower than that of vitamin C. These results suggest the presence of components having high antioxidant activity in the BIF extract. The SM709, identified as 1,2-O-diferulylglycerol, inhibited the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase by 18 and 60%, respectively. The SM709 also inhibited the melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells by 62% and this was the highest antimelanogenic activity among those obtained from the various purified compounds. Therefore, antimelanogenic activity of the BIF extract was concluded to be due to both inhibition of DOPA oxidase and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

목적 : 상지, 상백피, 상엽은 모두 뽕나무에서 유래한 것으로 한의학에서 수천 년 동안 사용되어왔다. 최근 이들의 미백효능이 발견되면서 더욱 주목을 받고 있다. 피부의 멜라닌 색소 침착은 자선에 대한 정상적인 방어기전이다. 그러나 비정상적인 색소침착은 심각한 미용적 문제를 가져온다. 최근 약침이 피부 미백에 이용되고 있다. 또한 발효와 열처리는 미백화장료 가공의 최신 경향이다. 이 연구에서는 상지, 상백피, 상엽 약침액이 발효와 열처리 후에 피부 미백에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : 상지, 상백피, 상엽을 각각 4개의 그룹으로 나누었다. (1) 비발효, 비열처리, (2) 비발효, 열처리, (3) 발효, 비열처리, (4) 발효, 열처리한 그룹들에 타이로시나제 활성 및 도파 산화 활성, 그리고 멜라닌 함량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과 : 타이로시나제 활성 및 도파 산화 활성, 그리고 멜라닌 함량에 있어서, 발효, 열처리가 대체로 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 멜라닌 함량에 있어서 발효, 열처리한 군이 대조군에 비해 유의성 있는 감소를 보였다. 결론 : 주근깨, 흑색종, 간반(肝斑) 등 비정상적인 색소 침착 질환을 치료하기 위한 상지, 상백피, 상엽 약침액 제조에 있어, 발효 및 열처리 방식을 적용하면 보다 나은 미백효능을 발휘할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.