• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 2004

Biological activities and application of Sanguisorbae officinalis L. were investigated. In the enzymological physiological activities, the electron donating ability (EDA) was 54.9% in 10 ppm and it was over 90% over 50 ppm and SOD-like activity was high as 65.4% in 1000 ppm, it was gradual increased. As inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase, it was 17.9% in 200 ppm and little low as 36.9% in 500 ppm and inhibitory effect of tyrosinase. As the result of measuring the lipid oxidation, all the concentrations of medical ion treatments had the ability to keep it from acidification and metal ion blocking effects about the lipid oxidation promoting factors ($Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$), $Fe^{2+}$ was better than $Cu^{2+}$ and all concentrations of medical ion treatments was 40% in 50 ppm. When it was applied into normal skin-softener it showed safe effect so that we can expect that as the natural material of cosmetics.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.10-14
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• 1987

우리나라는 이제 그동안의 꾸준한 노력의 결과로 자동차 수출국으로 발돋움하고 있으며 이 분야 에서으 선진국과의 경쟁이 점점 치열해질 전망이다. 이러한 세계 시장에서의 경쟁 대열에서 탈 락되지 않기 위해서는 무엇보다도 제품 품질의 향상, 원가의 절감 등이 이루어져야 할 것이며 이 에 대한 노력을 게을리 해서는 안될 것이다. 한편 이와는 별도로 좀더 다른 각도에서 자동차 공업의 방향을 고찰할 필요가 있다. 즉 미래에도 계속해서 현재의 왕복동 내연기관이 자동차 구동용으로 사용될 것인가 하는 점이다. 엔진의 성능 향상, 연비의 감소, 엄격한 배기가스 규 제에의 대처 등에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있지만 기술개발에는 한계가 있으며 제품은 점점 복잡하게 되어 결국은 제품가격 및 A/S 비용이 상승되는 역효과를 나타낼 가능성이 높다. 이에 세계적인 자동차 제조회사에서는 오래전부터 새로운 방식의 미래형 자동차 engine 개발에 착수 하였으며 계속적인 연구를 진행하고 있다. 이러한 미래형 자동차 engine의 대표적인 것으로 gas turbine engine이 있다. 가스터어빈이라 하면 우선 항공기용의 jet engine을 생각하게 된다. 그 외에 발전용으로 가스터어빈은 이용되고 있으며 근래 다시 등장한 자동차용의turbocharger 역시 가스터어빈의 한 응용분야라고 할 수 있다. turbocharger의 경우는 내연기관의 출력향상을 주 목적으로 내연기관에 부착되어 이용되고 있는 반면에 gas turbine engine은 기존의 내연기관을 대체하여 자동차 구동용으로 이용되는 점에 그 차이가 있다. 아직은 실용화되징 않았지만 미래형 자동차 기관으로서의 이용가능성이 높은 gas turbine engine을 다음에 간략히 소개하고자 한다. 생산량과 하천수에 의한 생산량과의 비는 풍건물의 경우 0.6, 매물의 경우 0.5였으며 감자의 경우는 0.2이하였다. 4. 염분용수 관개구와 하천수 관개구의 모든작물에서 풍건물 생산량과 축배량 사이에는 강한 직선적인 관계를 보였다. 보리, 감자의 작물 생산량과 축배량사이에도 선형의 관계가 성립되었으나, 밀과 옥수수의 매물 생산량과 축배량사이에는 곡선적인 관계를 나타내었다..18cm)에 필적되는 연평균 4.16cm로 나타났다. 5. 전체 시험구로부터으 연평균 토양유실량은 Sharpsburg 점질양토에 대한 S.C.S 한계허용치 10ton/ha/year 이내로 나타났다. 비처리구에서의 토양유실량은 평균 2.56ton/ha/year로 높게 나타난 반면 3개의 서로 다른 추리구인 비수구, 초생수로구 및 Bromegrass구에서는 각각 0.152, 0.192 및 0.290ton/ha/year로 낮은 결과를 가져왔다. 6. 평균 침전량에 대한 L.S.D. 검정 걸과 전시험구중 비처리구가 고도의 유의차를 나타낸 반면 비수구, 초생수로구 및 Bromegrass 목초구 간에는 아무런 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 7. 농지보전 처리구인 배수구와 초생수로구는 비처리구에 비해 낮은 침두 유출량과 낮은 토양유실량을 나타내었다.구보다 14% 절감되는 것으로 나타났다.작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도성 물질로 증착시키지 않고, Silver Paint 에 시편을 접착하는 방법으로도 만족한 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.째, 회복기 중에 일어나는 입자들의 유입은 자기폭풍의 지속시간을 연장시키는 경향을 보이며 큰

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.507-514
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of resident companies in port hinterland logistics that are currently operating. The subjects of the efficiency analysis include 13 logistics hinterland resident companies in Incheon Port and Busan Port. Investment amounts, area, and number of employees were selected as input variables, and volume and sales amounts were selected as output variables. As for the efficiency analysis methods, traditional CCR and BCC models were applied. To overcome the limits of these models, a super-efficiency model and a Super-SBM model were also applied. According to the super-efficiency model analysis, the mean was 0.777 and the standard deviation was 0.54, indicating an approximate 33% difference of efficiency among the companies. According to the Super-SBM model analysis, the mean was 0.649 and the standard deviation was 0.489. When considering residuals in the super-efficiency model, the average efficiency score among the companies decreased by approximately 13%. This means that the efficiency score decrease of DMU, where non-radial residuals exist at about 18% on average. Examining the inefficiency of the inputs, the inefficiency of the number of employees turned out to be largest at -45%, compared to 'area' at -33% and 'investment amount' at -33%.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

YoungDo bridge is the first suspension bridge in Busan which experienced several times repair and reinforcement after completion in 1934. The bridge is under demolition for extension and restoration work since 2011. The purpose of this research is to establish data base about modern concrete. The mix design of the concrete is like that cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate = 1 : 2 : 4 or 1 : 3 : 6 by the parts. The compressive strength is in the ranges from 50 to 55 MPa and the elastic modulus is in the ranges from 25 to 35 GPa. From the fact that the deviation is less than 10 %, considerably high quality control was conducted in those days. The carbonation depth is 5.92 cm at the bridge post and 14.3 cm at the machine room. That is why ocean environment keeps the high humidity. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ion through the pores in concrete is 1.052e-12 $m^2/s$ from the regression analysis using the experiment data. The water cement ration is estimated at approximately 35 % in case if the concrete using ordinary Portland cement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3138-3148
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• 2011

This present study is designed to analyze the mortality and potential years of life lost (PYLL) by malignant neoplasm of lung between OECD countries and Korea before and after the year 2000. We used the methods of Wilcoxon Singed Ranks Test between korean and other 30 OECD countries between 1993-1999 and 2000-2006 year using 2009 OECD Health data(2010) of 30 contries. At the results, the mortality of lung cancer in male korean was significantly increased after 2000 year whereas those in other 23 countries decreased. The mortalities in female were increased in 20 countries including Korea. PYLL in male and female korean were significantly decreased and male PYLL in other 26 countries was decreased, but female PYLL in other countries showed various patterns; increase in 12 countries and decrease in 3 countries. Therefore, the present study elucidated that the lung cancer-induced PYLL in the comparison between korean and OECD countries can be more important parameter.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine that thick dentin bonding agent application or low modulus composite restoration could reduce stresses on dentin bonding agent layer. A mandibular first premolar with abfraction lesion was modeled by finite element method. The lesion was restored by different composite resins with variable dentin bonding agent thickness ($50{\mu}m$, $100{\mu}m$, $150{\mu}m$). 170N of occlusal loading was applied buccally or lingually. Von Mises stress on dentin bonding agent layer were measured. When thickness of dentin bonding agent was increased von Mises stresses at dentin bonding agent were decreased in both composites. Lower elastic modulus composite restoration showed decreased von Mises stresses. On root dentin margin more stresses were generated than enamel margin. For occlusal stress relief at dentin boning agent layer to applicate thick dentin bonding agent or to choose low elastic modulus composite is recommended.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of different self-adhesive resin cements and their shear bond strength on dentin and lithium disilicate ceramic and compare these result with that of conventional resin cement. For this study, four self-adhesive resin cements (Rely-X Unicem, Embrace Wetbond, Mexcem, BisCem), one conventional resin cement (Rely-X ARC) and one restorative resin composite (Z-350) were used. In order to evaluate the physical properties, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and flexural strength were measured. To evaluate the shear bond strength on dentin, each cement was adhered to buccal dentinal surface of extracted human lower molars. Dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching for groups of Rely-X ARC and Z-350. In order to evaluate the shear bond strength on ceramic, lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS Empress 2) disks were prepared. Only Rely-X ARC and Z-350 groups were pretreated with hydrofluoric acid and silane. And then each resin cement was adhered to ceramic surface in 2 mm diameter. Physical properties and shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine. Results were as follows 1. BisCem showed the lowest compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and flexural strength. (P<0.05) 2. Self-adhesive resin cements showed significantly lower shear bond strength on the dentin and lithium disilicate ceramic than Rely-X ARC and Z-350 (P<0.05) In conclusion, self-adhesive resin cements represent the lower physical properties and shear bond strength than a conventional resin cement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

We investigated the silicide reaction stability between 10 nm-Col-xNix alloy films and silicon substrates with the existence of 4 nm-thick natural oxide layers. We thermally evaporated 10 nm-Col-xNix alloy films by varying $x=0.1{\sim}0.9$ on naturally oxidized single crystal and 70 nm-thick polycrystalline silicon substrates. The films structures were annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) from $600^{\circ}C$ to $1100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds with the purpose of silicidation. After the removal of residual metallic residue with sulfuric acid, the sheet resistance, microstructure, composition, and surface roughness were investigated using a four-point probe, a field emission scanning electron microscope, a field ion bean4 an X-ray diffractometer, and an Auger electron depth profiling spectroscope, respectively, to confirm the silicide reaction. The residual stress of silicon substrate was also analyzed using a micro-Raman spectrometer We report that the silicide reaction does not occur if natural oxides are present. Metallic oxide residues may be present on a polysilicon substrate at high silicidation temperatures. Huge residual stress is possible on a single crystal silicon substrate at high temperature, and these may result in micro-pinholes. Our results imply that the natural oxide layer removal process is of importance to ensure the successful completion of the silicide process with CoNi alloy films.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.379-384
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• 2017

In real software business environment, there are required to validate software quality in diverse usage range of software for many small & medium companies. Software quality means both qualities of production and process. In our situation, we focus on better process quality of a test organization than a whole organization. But even the original test maturity model (TMM) does not enough to apply with our domestic venture/small & medium companies. To solve this problem, we suggest the simplified test maturity model for our companies. We redefine this simplified model with the original TMM and a test process improvement next (TPI next) model. The previous models just have provided each definition of maturity level, goal and activity per each level, which not exists an assessment guideline and a formal assessing procedure. Due to this reasons, an assessor is difficult to assess the test organization without them. this paper suggest an assessment guideline of the simplified TMM and also define the procedure which is included with activities and byproducts. With these assessment guideline, an assessor can work possible to formally assess test organizations of small & medium companies, and with self assessment guideline they can be correctly provision before assessment of their organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2015

Carbon dioxide was designated as one of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Among various ways to solve the $CO_2$ emission issue, the 3rd-generation biomass (algae) production is considered as a viable method to reduce $CO_2$ in the atmosphere. In this research, we propose a design of an innovative sustainable production system by utilizing the 3rd generation biomass in the environment of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Existing biomass production systems depend on the solar energy and they cannot continue producing biomass at night. Electricity produced from offshore wind farms also need an efficient way to store the energy through energy storage system (ESS) or deliver it real-time through power grid, both requiring heavy investment of capital. Thus, we design an offshore grid structure harnessing LED lights to supply the necessary light energy, by using the electricity produced from the wind farm, resulting in the maximized production of biomass and efficient use of wind farm energy. The final design integrates the biomass production system enhanced by LED lights with a wind power generation. The suggested NLP model for the optimal design, implemented in GAMS, would be useful for designing improved offshore biomass production systems combined with the wind farm.