• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1512-1523
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Saengmaeg-san intake on blood lipids and arteriosclerosis index in male tennis players. Seventeen male tennis players enrolled in university were assigned to a Saengmaeg-san intake group (n=9) and a placebo control group (n=8) according to whether they took Saengmaeg-san during 4-week high-intensity tennis training. Tennis training was conducted 5 times a week for 4 weeks, and the exercise intensity was performed at 70-90% of the spare heart rate. The intake of Saengmaeg-san was 110ml at a time before breakfast, before, during, during, and after exercise, and after dinner, a total of 7 times, 770ml per day. For all data, mean and standard deviation were used. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of time and treatment, and Pearson's Correlation was used to examine the relevance of differences in blood lipid responses after treatment. As a result of this study, the Saengmaeg-san intake group significantly improved blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and arteriosclerosis index, and there was a significant correlation appeared between ∆TG, ∆LDL-C, and ∆TC. As a result, the intake of Saengmaeg-san during high-intensity training of male college student tennis players can have a positive effect on blood lipids and arteriosclerosis index, suggesting that it can be an effective sports drink as an exercise supplement.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.319-345
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of researchers and information professionals on scholarly journals and events hosted by the four primary associations for library and information science in Korea and to suggest improvements. The four associations include the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, the Korean Library and Information Science Society, the Korean Society for Information Management, and the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, and they co-funded this study. A total of six focus group interviews were conducted with 21 university professors, researchers, librarians, practitioners, and executive directors of associations who are actively engaged in research and academic activities. Findings presented, first, that the overall process of the journal article review and publishing needs to be improved to enhance the quality of the journals. Second, efforts should be made to increase the visibility of practice by increasing opportunities for information professionals to submit and publish manuscripts with findings from the field. Third, each journal can be specialized by differentiating the scope of journals, providing articles with findings in practice, and facilitating collaborations with scholars abroad or in other fields. To improve scholarly events, first, a large-scale academic conference can be held regularly, co-hosted by the four associations, promoting academic needs and social networking. Third, each association can specialize in academic events in collaboration with professional institutions and agencies. Fourth, the opportunities to participate in academic events should be increased for early-career researchers, practitioners, and graduate and undergraduate students.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2023

Following ISO 20471, in this study, first, two sets of safety clothes and safety vests were made by designing and attaching animal and bird patterns preferred by children to retroreflective films and black fabrics on those fluorescent fabrics and retroreflective materials prescribed by international standards. Second, by mounting a smart photonic device on the safety clothing so that the body can be recognized from a distance even without an ambient light source at night, children can emit three types of light depending on the situation with just one-touch of the button. From a result of comparison with visibility a day and night by dressing a mannequin in the made smart safety clothing, the difference in visibility was evident at night, it was confirmed that we can see the figure of a person even at a distance of approximately 70 m. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the prevention of traffic and other accidents on the road, as the drivers driving at night or in bad weather can recognize a person from a distance. Third, in case of the energy is exhausted and cannot maintain the stability of the light-emitting function of the optical faber, we can use energy harvesting device, and the light-emitting time will be extended. As a result it comes up to emit light stably for a long time. And this prove that smart photonic safety clothing can also be used for night workers. Therefore, optical fiber safety clothing is expected to be highly wearable not only in real life but also in dark industrial sites due to stable charging by applying the energy harvesting provided by solar cells.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.125-144
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• 2023

Recently, the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has been increasing in various fields such as interactive commerce and mobile financial services. However, LMMs, which are mainly created by learning existing documents, can also learn various human biases inherent in documents. Nevertheless, there have been few comparative studies on the aspects of bias and discrimination in LLMs. The purpose of this study is to examine the existence and extent of nine types of discrimination (Age, Disability status, Gender identity, Nationality, Physical appearance, Race ethnicity, Religion, Socio-economic status, Sexual orientation) in LLMs and suggest ways to improve them. For this purpose, we utilized BBQ (Bias Benchmark for QA), a tool for identifying discrimination, to compare three large-scale language models including ChatGPT, GPT-3, and Bing Chat. As a result of the evaluation, a large number of discriminatory responses were observed in the mega-language models, and the patterns differed depending on the mega-language model. In particular, problems were exposed in elder discrimination and disability discrimination, which are not traditional AI ethics issues such as sexism, racism, and economic inequality, and a new perspective on AI ethics was found. Based on the results of the comparison, this paper describes how to improve and develop large-scale language models in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.214-229
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• 2023

This study was aimed to derive the following regional characteristics and implications by reviewing the effects of local communities and overseas cases through agricultural heritage and related systems to prepare rural regeneration measures using agricultural and rural heritage. First, The study was examined to improve the awareness to improve awareness of the value and preservation of heritage through the designation of agricultural heritage. However, it was found that it was necessary to prepare for social problems such as the aging population in the future. Second, most of the residents' perceptions showed a positive perception of the designation of agricultural heritage, but they were somewhat less recognized in terms of economics, so it was found that regeneration measures were needed to compensate for this. Third, as a result of applying the effect measurement model, the preservation and management effect that meets the purpose of the system is high, and the effect varies depending on projects such as local governments and residents' councils. Fourth, as a result of examining rural regeneration measures through overseas cases, it was found that rather than large-scale development, various cultural and natural resources and activation measures were prepared by expanding the scope to surrounding areas. This study was conducted only on agricultural heritage areas, but it is meaningful that agricultural and rural heritage should be reviewed from various perspectives suitable for the current trend, and it is meaningful in that it considers not only local residents' perception but also regional effects and revitalization measures.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.42
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• pp.1-44
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• 2022

This study aims to determine the significance of the devotional offerings held in Daesoon Jinrihoe Temple Complexes (道場 dojang) and to interpret their identity. Firstly, the existing research insists that the significance of these rituals implies that offerings held by Daesoon Jinrihoe embody the order's religious purpose. However, this paper argues that the purpose of devotional offerings is not limited thereto. The reason is that the primary sources of Daesoon Jinrihoe defines the devotional offerings as practiced for purposes of worship, celebration, commemoration, the expression of gratitude, the dissemination of information, and to humbly beg pardon from divine beings. Additionally, the offerings are meant to express the solid faith of devotees. Considering the various purposes of practicing devotional offerings, rather than mostly being about prayer to divine beings, the meaning of the offerings could be better understood as forms of communication and exchange of unique ideas and intentions. Secondly, in the light of Korea's history of rituals, the devotional offerings of Daesoon Jinrihoe obviously differ from the rituals of Confucianism or the ritual for Heaven and Earth (圜丘祭 hwanguje). Indeed, the rituals of Daesoon Jinrihoe are rather alien to both of the aforementioned rituals. Accordingly, the identity of the devotional offerings in Daesoon Jinrihoe do neither succeed to the religious and cultural tradition of Korea nor transform it. It is rather the case that Daesoon Jinrihoe's devotional offerings should be identified as having been newly invented. In this regard, the devotional offerings of Daesoon Jinrihoe should be understood as an invented tradition that began in modern times. In other words, they are 'invented rituals to Heaven.'

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

This paper is focusing on the optimal size of internal space in which various functions are expressed by means of analogizing appropriate size of passage fitted to characters and reverse-calculating it in comparison with preexisting games, and thus increase the objectivity of data. To this end, the work of making the data objective was conducted in advance, and the experiment proceeded in the way that specially-designed Dungeon can make its way through the passage and in the situation where small-scale combats take place. In addition, the efforts were made to standardize the outcome of experiments by restricting the types of game graphics to MMO RPG. Further, the enhance the objectivity of size of the characters, the game types were limited to RPG games, and it is also adjusted to the character's face size based on the graphic designer's preference. The size of shoulders and arms of characters, inter alia, was selected as distinguishing points to be adjusted to the passage. By analyzing these data, the size of passage was re-organized according to the main characters in the MMO RPG games. Four experimental data was utilized by the 200 game experts in order to select the optimal size of passage in the game. As a consequence, the proportional correlation between character and passage movement was evaluated as successful in terms of emotional recognition.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.213-220
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of using new words, ability to use new words, and peer popularity among students with mild intellectual disabilities and general students of the age-matched group. A total of 8 students, 4 students with mild intellectual disabilities aged 14 to 16 years of age and 4 normal students in the age-matched group, were compared between groups using a nonparametric test. In the case of new words, 60 new words were selected through expert content validity among 301 new words, and then recognition and background information on the 60 new words were collected. As a result of the study, first, there was a significant difference in understanding of new words between the student group with mild intellectual disability and the general student group of the same age. Second, the correlation between the use of new words and the popularity of peers was compared for each group of students with mild intellectual disabilities and a group of general students of the same age as possible. Therefore, when providing vocabulary instruction for students with mild intellectual disabilities, it suggests that it is necessary to teach new vocabulary in order to increase their relationship with their peers and their popularity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze domestic research trends related to the Baekdudaegan Mountains in the last two decades. In total, 551 academic papers and keyword data related to the Baekdudaegan Mountains were collected using the "Research and Information Service Section" and analyzed using "big data" analysis programs, such as Textom and UCINET. Papers related to the Baekdudaegan Mountains were published in 177 academic journals, and 229 papers (41.6% of all published papers) were published between 2011 and 2015. According to word frequency data (N-gram analyses), the major research topic over the past 20 years was "species diversity." According to CONCOR analysis results, the main research could be divided into 15 areas, the most important of which was "species diversity," followed by "vegetation restoration and management," and "culture." Ecological research comprised 12 groups with a frequency of 78.8%; humanities and social research comprised 2 groups with a frequency of 15.6%. Overall, our study of research areas and quantitative data analyses provides valuable information that could help establish policy formulation.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-71
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• 2023

Based on the challenges encountered in the urban regeneration projects (general neighborhood-type) of Anjung District and Sinjang District in Pyeongtaek City, this study aims to explore the key factors of improvement measures for urban regeneration projects. Using the first survey conducted among shopping mall owners, employees, and residents, this study finds a significant level of awareness and very strong needs for urban regeneration projects. On the other hand, the overall satisfaction levels are observed to be low across the three factors: social, economic, and cultural. The second expert survey and the subsequent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis conducted for improvement measures reveal notable discrepancies in the prioritization of factors between administrative experts and practical experts. For the importance of administrative experts, the establishment of network-type regional governance was ranked first for the importance, followed by hosting events related to the U.S. military and long-term pre-market operations, and expanding exchange and cooperation between the U.S. Forces Korea and the community. For the importance of working-level experts, hosting U.S. military-related events and long-term pre-market operations was ranked first, while supporting U.S. military-related festivals and developing local natural landscape resources was ranked second. Our findings suggest the need for proactive measures such as attracting commercial facilities to stimulate demand from both the U.S. military and local residents, thereby revitalizing general neighborhood-type urban regeneration projects, developing programs for local tourism, and operating pre-market operations in the long run. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of regional government cooperation for urban regeneration projects.