• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.411-430
• /
• 2016

One of central issues in the Literature and Science discourses during the Victorian era is the relation of physiology to psychology. Many thinkers tackle the question of whether or not psychic phenomena can be reducible to their physiological bases. For instance, Victorian physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter claims that there should be a boundary between physiological and psychological qualities. Yet, his contemporary writer Grant Allen contends for the reduction of psychology into physiology. In the essay, I discuss Grant Allen's work Physiological Aesthetics (1877) so as to eventually problematize his physiological reductionism. I especially highlight the paradox of his physiological aesthetics. In order to clarify my argument, I introduce two concepts: evolutionary aesthetics and physiological reductionism. On the one hand, Allen argues for the development of aesthetic appreciation. The gradual evolution from gaudy to serene colors, for instance, reflects the fine differentiation of sensory organs. He believes that the existence of varied aesthetic pleasures corresponds to the evolution of sensory nerve structures. Nonetheless, Allen ironically gives more weight to the commonality of aesthetic experiences than to this teleological ordering of aesthetic experiences. He argues that there is no fundamental difference among humans in terms of their aesthetic assessments. Furthermore, there is even no essential distinction among plants, animals, and humans in light of their aesthetic appraisals, he states firmly. Although he asserts the gradual advance of aesthetic feelings caused by the intricacy of nervous systems, he simultaneously trivializes the evolution of aesthetic appraisal. In the essay, I highlight this paradox in Allen's physiological aesthetics. It should be underscored, lamentably enough, that Allen seeks biological purity by erasing fine lines among physiology, psychology, and sociality. He estranges aesthetic experiences from subjective variations and their socio-cultural contexts. He makes great efforts to eliminate individual differences and socio-cultural specificities in order to extremely biologize aesthetic experiences. Hence, Allen's physiological aesthetics is marked as the politics of physiological purification.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of resilience in the relationship between parent support and career decision level of specialization technical high school students and to find out ways to improve the level of desirable career guidance and counseling. The research questions are as follows: First, what is the level of parent support, career decision level, and resilience of special technical high school students? Second, what is the relationship between parent support, career decision level and resilience of high school students? Third, the resilience of resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between parent support and career decision level of special technical high school students. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the theoretical background related to parent support, career decision level, and resilience of special technical high school students was investigated and the test tool was produced. The results of the study are as follows. Parental support, career decision level, and resilience were highly correlated. There was a significant correlation between parent support and career decision level, resilience and career decision level, and emotional support and verbal encouragement were more than 50% of the career decision level. In terms of mediating effect, the effect of parent support on career decision level was found to be partially mediated by overall resilience and sub - factors such as control, positive, and sociality. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of career guidance counseling, a program linked to the school and the home should be conducted considering both domestic factors and internal factors.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.186-203
• /
• 2015

This article attempts to examine both the outcome and future task of the art history research on Central Eurasia, better known under the name of "Silk Road". The term Central Eurasia encompasses Xinjiang Uygur, Tibet, Mongolia, former Soviet Republics, the northwest region of India, Iran and Turkey. The article analyzes the 30-year history of the region's art history research and further presents a desirable direction that the study should move towards. Though short in its research period, the ROK's art history study on Central Eurasia has shown eye-catching achievement in several areas such as the northwest region of India and the Xinjiang Uygur, Dunhwang of China. Two factors allowed for this accomplishment. First was the actual improvement of the work environment, where the scholars were finally able to travel to Central Eurasia and explore the historic sites for themselves since 1990. More important was the 'arena of study' for the next-generation scholars made possible by institutions like The Korean Association for Central Asian Studies and the Center for Central Eurasian Studies. Slowly but consistently, the two academic societies induced scholars' attention towards the field and fostered new experts. Circumstances changed, marking 2012 as the starting point. International academic forums held by the government branches surged in number. The intention behind it was to link the ROK with the Silk Road and ultimately to obtain the "Eurasia initiative". As of now, the public has shown heightened interest in the issue. The academia is subsequently riding on this second "wave of interest" following the first wave in the 1980s. However, increased popularity comes with some negative consequences, and this art history research on Central Eurasia is no exception. There are criticisms regarding the objectivity of recent academic forums. Some argue that the aim of the forums are sternly set most of the times, prohibiting the presenters to voice their own perspectives. Still, this heated attention will definitely play its role as a stepping stone for further development. The academia should commit to fostering rising researchers who will systemically and professionally study the field. This is imperative in order for the Korean culture to successfully communicate with the world and take itself to a new level. Without completing this task, the ROK's art history research on Central Eurasia is likely to remain idle.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.72-93
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data needed to establish a system of career education which can offer necessary information for middle school students to select vocational high schools suiting to their talent and aptitude. For this, the study formulated research questions: how middle school students in Gyeonggi-do could acquire information related with entering high school; their level of understanding about general high school and vocational high school and their level of information requirement; real state and effect (level of helping them choose future school) of assistance activity for career education as provided by vocational high schools. For the analysis, the study developed a questionnaire and conducted survey for 4,459 3rd graders from 627 middle schools at Gyeonggi-do. Findings were as follows. First, methods of middle school students getting information related with entering high school turned out in the order of internet search (42.0%), consultation with family and friends (25.5%), consultation with teachers (24.0%). While, their methods of getting information related with entering vocational high school turned out in the order of briefing session by vocational high schools (39.4%), field trip to vocational high schools (24.9%), consultation with teachers from vocational high schools (15.7%). Second, the level of understanding (five points full marks) of Gyeonggi-do middle school students about high school by the type they wished to enter, and the level of information requirement (five points full marks) turned out 3.65 and 3.67 respectively for students who wished to enter general high schools, with the difference being 0.02. On the other hand, the level of understanding and that of information requirement turned out 2.92 and 3.25 respectively with the difference being 0.33, for students who wished to enter vocational high schools. Third, looking at the real state of participation of Gyeonggi-do middle school students in assistance activities for career education provided by vocational high schools, 79.4% of all students were participating. Activity with high participation ratio out of these turned out to be in the order of PR and guide book (booklet, brochure, etc.) for vocational high schools at 90.3%, briefing session prepared by vocational high schools on visit at 87.8% and video of vocational high school PR and introduction at 85.9%. The level of how these activities helped middle school students choose their high school was 3.45, showing more effect by 0.13 on students wishing to enter vocational high schools compared to those wishing to enter general high schools.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2014

It is increasingly supported by scientific evidence that greenhouse gas caused by human activities is changing the global climate. In particular, the changing climate has affected human health, directly or indirectly, and its adverse impacts are estimated to increase in the future. In response, many countries have established and implemented a variety of mitigation and adaptation measures. However, it is significant to note that climate change will continue over the next few centuries and its impacts on human health should be tackled urgently. The purpose of this paper is to examine domestic policies and research in health sector in adaptation to climate change. It further aims to recommend future research directions for enhanced response to climate change in public health sector, by reviewing a series of adaptation policies in the selected countries and taking into account the general features of health adaptation policies. In this regard, this study first evaluates the current adaptation policies in public health sector by examining the National Climate Change Adaptation Master Plan(2011~2015) and Comprehensive Plan for Environment and Health(2011~2020) and reviewing research to date of the government and relevant institutions. For the literature review, two information service systems are used: namely, the National Science and Technology Information Service(NTIS) and the Policy Research Information Service & Management(PRISM). Secondly, a series of foreign adaptation policies are selected based on the global research priorities set by WHO (2009) and reviewed in order to draw implications for domestic research. Finally, the barriers or constraints in establishing and implementing health adaptation policies are analyzed qualitatively, considering the general characteristics of adaptation in the health sector to climate change, which include uncertainty, finance, technology, institutions, and public awareness. This study provides four major recommendations: to mainstream health sector in the field of adaptation policy and research; to integrate cross-sectoral adaptation measures with an aim to the improvement of health and well-being of the society; to enhance the adaptation measures based on evidence and cost-effectiveness analysis; and to facilitate systemization in health adaptation through setting the key players and the agenda.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.572-580
• /
• 2019

In view of the numerous discussions on global environmental issues, policies have been implemented to limit emissions in the field of marine transport, which accounts for a major part of international trade. In this study, a ship's emissions were calculated by applying the engine load factor to determine the total quantity of emissions based on the ship's speed reduction. For ships entering and leaving the Busan North Port from 1 January to 31 December 2017, emissions were calculated and analyzed based on the ship's type and its speed in the reduced speed zone (RSZ), which was set to 20 nautical miles. The comparison of the total amount of emissions under all situations, such as cruising, maneuvering, and hotelling modes revealed that the vessels that generated the most emissions were container ships at 76.1 %, general cargo ships at 7.2 %, and passenger ships at 6.8 %. In the cruising and maneuvering modes, general cargo ships discharged a lesser amount of emission in comparison with passenger ships; however, in the hotelling mode, the general cargo ships discharged a larger amount of emission than passenger ships. The total emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), were 49.4 %, 45 %, 4 %, and 1.6 %, respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of emission were compared when ships navigated at their average service speed, 12, 10, and 8 knots in the RSZ, respectively. At 12 knots, the reduction in emissions was more than that of the ships navigating at their average service speed by 39 % in NOx, 40 % in VOC, 42 % in PM, and 38 % in Sox. At 10 knots, the emission reductions were 52 %, 54 %, 56 %, and 50 % in NOx, VOC, PM, and Sox, respectively. At 8 knots, the emission reductions were 62 %, 64 %, 67 %, and 59 % in NOx, VOC, PM, and Sox, respectively. As a result, the emissions were ef ectively reduced when there was a reduction in the ship's speed. Therefore, it is necessary to consider limiting the speed of ships entering and leaving the port to decrease the total quantity of emissions.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.51
• /
• pp.133-173
• /
• 2017

The records and archives center provide a variety of archival information services in an effort to get closer to the public. However, there are still some problems with regard to the lack of awareness of records and archives. In order to activate the use of archives, it is necessary to understand the users of archives. Given the problems, this study aims to investigate the awareness of records and archives in university students who are potential users of archives as well as to suggest methods to activate the use of records and archives reflecting the characteristics of university students' awareness. As such, this study surveyed 182 university students at J university. The questionnaire items referred to Market & Opinion Research International (MORI) (2003) as a part of the projects conducted by the Museums Libraries Archives Council (MLA) and Cho's study (2008). The questionnaire items consisted of four major areas: awareness of records and archives, experience with records and archives or reasons of not using them, requirements for the use of archives by potential users, and efficient method of promoting archives. As a result of the survey, most of the university students are indifferent to records. However, they recognized that it is highly important to manage records that are related to historical values and archives that are relevant to information values. In addition, they showed a positive intention to use the archives in the future; thus, it is highly likely for them to be converted into active users through appropriate services. Based on the results, this study proposed important considerations for activating the use of the archives to university students, and suggested methods to activate the archives in terms of user education, program development, and user segmentation.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2018.11a
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2018

Since the 1997 financial crisis, large scale unemployment and poverty have become serious, and public and social job creation projects have been carried out. However, with the limitations of low-wage and short-term jobs, the need for long-term and high quality jobs gradually began to attract attention. In recent years, social enterprises have grown both quantitatively and qualitatively and interest in social enterprises has increased. And also it is interested in the determinants of success and failure of social enterprises in the academic field. In this study, we examined the effects of social enterprise characteristics on financial and social performance, and we analyzed empirically by using social enterprises registered in the Korea Social Enterprise Agency. The financial performance of the social enterprise is measured by the net income ratio, operating income ratio, and the return on asset. The social performance of the social enterprise is measured by total number of workers and the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups. The characteristics of the social enterprise include the CEO characteristics (gender, age, experience in operating the social enterprise), the firm size, and the elapsed time of the authentication. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of analysis for the effect on financial performance, we found that the financial performance have a statistically significant positive relationship with firm size, organizational form, government subsidies and capital adequacy ratio. And it is found that the social performance have a statistically significant negative relationship with CEO age, credit debt dependence. Second, as a result of analysis for the effect on social performance, we foumd that total number of workers have a significant positive relationships with CEO gender, CEO age, and firm size, government subsidies, while total number of workers have a significant negative relationship with certification type and industry dummy. On the other hand, the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups have a siginificant positive relationship with CEO gender and certification type and It have not statistically significant relationship with the government subsidies and the firm size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2019

Chest digital tomosynthesis has become a practical imaging modality because it can solve the problem of anatomy overlapping in conventional chest radiography. However, because of both limited scan angle and finite-size detector, a portion of chest cannot be represented in some or all of the projection. These bring a discontinuity in intensity across the field of view boundaries in the reconstructed slices, which we refer to as the truncation artifacts. The purpose of this study was to reduce truncation artifacts using a weighted normalization approach and to investigate the performance of this approach for our prototype chest digital tomosynthesis system. The system source-to-image distance was 1100 mm, and the center of rotation of X-ray source was located on 100 mm above the detector surface. After obtaining 41 projection views with ${\pm}20^{\circ}$ degrees, tomosynthesis slices were reconstructed with the filtered back projection algorithm. For quantitative evaluation, peak signal to noise ratio and structure similarity index values were evaluated after reconstructing reference image using simulation, and mean value of specific direction values was evaluated using real data. Simulation results showed that the peak signal to noise ratio and structure similarity index was improved respectively. In the case of the experimental results showed that the effect of artifact in the mean value of specific direction of the reconstructed image was reduced. In conclusion, the weighted normalization method improves the quality of image by reducing truncation artifacts. These results suggested that weighted normalization method could improve the image quality of chest digital tomosynthesis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.97-100
• /
• 2018

Purpose The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) test is an important indicator of glomerular filtration and has been used to test renal function and the extent of its function. The GFR test is performed by intravenous injection of radioactive medicines made of $^{51}Cr$-EDTA, and blood concentration is measured by taking blood according to the elapsed time. also, PET-CT, bone scan, transfusion and so on will affect the outcome. Therefore, we will improve the quality of the test by providing guidelines for the GFR test for more accurate testing. Materials and Methods 5 mL of physiological saline solution and 2 mL of $^{51}Cr$-EDTA solution are used to make 5 mL of the radiopharmaceutical solution to be injected into the patient. First, the syringe weight is measured before the injection, and then the radioactive medicine is injected into the patient's vein and the syringe weight is measured after the injection. Blood sampling is performed twice in total. In adults, blood is collected 3 hours / 5 hours after injection and in children 2 hours / 5 hours after injection. The blood sample is centrifuged at 3300 rpm for 5 minutes. Standard solution is prepared by filling diluent water up to the scale indicated in the 200-mL volumetric flask, discarding $500{\mu}L$, injecting $500{\mu}L$ of GFR reagent and mixing well. $500{\mu}L$ each of the standard solution is dispensed into two test tubes, and $500{\mu}L$ of each of the plasma samples collected in time is dispensed into two test tubes and measured with a Cobra Counter. Results At present, the reference range applied in this study is $119.5{\pm}30.3ml/min/1.73m2$ for males and $125.2{\pm}28.2ml/min/1.73m^2$ for females. Conclusion The GFR test is conducted using radioactive medical products. GFR testing is performed as a scheduled test, but PET-CT, dialysis and transfusion, which may affect GFR testing, may be scheduled during GFR testing. Therefore, we could get accurate GFR test results by notifying the ward and department beforehand when booking.