Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2019.25.5.572

Current Status of Ship Emissions and Reduction of Emissions According to RSZ in the Busan North Port  

Lee, Bo-Kyeong (Department of Ship Operation, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
Lee, Sang-Min (Division of Marine Industry Transportation Science and Technology, Kunsan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety / v.25, no.5, 2019 , pp. 572-580 More about this Journal
Abstract
In view of the numerous discussions on global environmental issues, policies have been implemented to limit emissions in the field of marine transport, which accounts for a major part of international trade. In this study, a ship's emissions were calculated by applying the engine load factor to determine the total quantity of emissions based on the ship's speed reduction. For ships entering and leaving the Busan North Port from 1 January to 31 December 2017, emissions were calculated and analyzed based on the ship's type and its speed in the reduced speed zone (RSZ), which was set to 20 nautical miles. The comparison of the total amount of emissions under all situations, such as cruising, maneuvering, and hotelling modes revealed that the vessels that generated the most emissions were container ships at 76.1 %, general cargo ships at 7.2 %, and passenger ships at 6.8 %. In the cruising and maneuvering modes, general cargo ships discharged a lesser amount of emission in comparison with passenger ships; however, in the hotelling mode, the general cargo ships discharged a larger amount of emission than passenger ships. The total emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), were 49.4 %, 45 %, 4 %, and 1.6 %, respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of emission were compared when ships navigated at their average service speed, 12, 10, and 8 knots in the RSZ, respectively. At 12 knots, the reduction in emissions was more than that of the ships navigating at their average service speed by 39 % in NOx, 40 % in VOC, 42 % in PM, and 38 % in Sox. At 10 knots, the emission reductions were 52 %, 54 %, 56 %, and 50 % in NOx, VOC, PM, and Sox, respectively. At 8 knots, the emission reductions were 62 %, 64 %, 67 %, and 59 % in NOx, VOC, PM, and Sox, respectively. As a result, the emissions were ef ectively reduced when there was a reduction in the ship's speed. Therefore, it is necessary to consider limiting the speed of ships entering and leaving the port to decrease the total quantity of emissions.
Keywords
Ship's emission; NOx; SOx; Particulate Matters; Volatile Organic Compounds; Reduced Speed Zone;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Tzannatos, E.(2010), Ship emissions and their externalities for Greece, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 44, pp. 2194-2202.   DOI
2 Ahn, Y. S. and K. Y. Lee(2019), The urgency of readjusting the port air pollution control system for the implementation of the special act, Korea Maritime Institute Weekly Report Vol. 111, p. 3.
3 Berechman, J. and P. H. Tseng(2012), Estimating the environmental costs of port related emissions: The case of Kaohsiung, Transportation Research Part D, Vol. 17, pp. 35-38.   DOI
4 Busan Port Authority(2013), BPA-NET, http://www.bpa-net.com/resources/bpa/swf/FlexMain.jsp?type=mnetstats (2019.04.26.).
5 Chang, C. C. and C. W. Jhang(2016), Reducing speed and fuel transfer of the green flag incentive program in kaohsiung port taiwan, Transportation Research Part D, Vol. 46, pp. 1-10.   DOI
6 Chang, Y. T., Y. H. Roh and H. S. Park(2014), Assessing noxious gases of vessel operations in a potential emission control area, Transportation Research Part D, Vol. 28, pp. 91-97.   DOI
7 Chen, D., Y. Zhao, P. Nelson, Y. Li, X. Wang, Y. Zhou, J. Lang and X. Guo(2016), Estimating ship emissions based on AIS data for port of Tianjin, China, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 145, pp. 10-18.   DOI
8 EEA(2016), EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2016, European Environment Agency.
9 Entec UK Limited(2002), European Commission, Quantification of emissions from ships associated with ship movements between ports in the European Community.
10 IMO(2018), MEPC.1/Circ.778/Rev.3, List of special areas, Emission Control Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Area, p. 1.
11 Kim, J. J. and K. W. Shin(2014), Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Marine Vessels in the Port of Busan using PORT-MIS and Vessel Specification Databases, Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, p. 1254.
12 Lee, H. C., J. H. Hwang, H. S. Park and H. Y. Ryu(2016), A study on the systematic management of Air pollutants from ships in Korea, Korea Maritime Institute, pp. 17-54.
13 Lee, M. W. and H. S. Lee(2016), Estimation of ship emission and environmental costs : focusing on port busan, Journal of Korea Port Economic Association, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 15-28.
14 McArthur, D. P. and L. Osland(2013), Ships in a city harbour: An economic valuation of atmospheric emissions, Transportation Research Part D, Vol. 36, pp. 10-17.   DOI
15 Park, D. Y., C. W. Hwang, C. H. Jeong and Z. H. Shon(2011), Estimate of ships emission in busan port during 2009 based on activity, Journal of the Environmental Science, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 599-610.   DOI
16 Statistics Korea(1996), KOSIS, http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1B040A3&checkFlag=N (2019.05.08.).