• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.761-776
• /
• 2012

This paper proposes the revised Roman character code system using Unicode 3.0. The background of the paper is whether the Latin character code system th using in the world in Unicode V.3 is proper or not in the side of the transmission efficiency in data communications. In data communications, when the consecutive 4 bits or 8 bits of "0" bit from the information devices input into the line coder, its consecutive "0" bits are scrambled to the predetermined bit patterns to avoid the syncronization loss. The paper was based on the statistical data for the using frequency of the alphabet letter and the proposed rule for characters coding in [1]. The paper was focused to improve of Unicode itself and UTF-8 code system. As a result of the paper, when the proposed coding systems for Latin character in Unicode 3.0 itself and UTF-8 code system, the scrambler efficiency using HDB-3 in the line coder of the data transmission system could be improved about 3645 ~ 31400% and 480 ~ 1700% respectively.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.375-394
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the transition of mathematical representation in Joseon mathematics, which is focused on numbers and operations, letters and expressions. In Joseon mathematics, there had been two numeral systems, one by chinese character and the other by counting rods. These systems were changed into the decimal notation which used Indian-Arabic numerals in the late 19th century passing the stage of positional notation by Chinese character. The transition of the representation of operation and expressions was analogous to that of representation of numbers. In particular, Joseon mathematics represented the polynomials and equations by denoting the coefficients with counting rods. But the representation of European algebra was introduced in late Joseon Dynasty passing the transitional representation which used Chinese character. In conclusion, Joseon mathematics had the indigenous representation of numbers and mathematical symbols on our own. The transitional representation was found before the acceptance of European mathematical representations.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.63-82
• /
• 2016

Mathematical notation is the main means to realize the power of mathematics. Under this perspective, this study analyzed the difficulties of learning an irrational number concept in terms of notation. I tried to find ways to overcome the difficulties arising from the notation. There are two primary ideas in the notation of irrational number using root. The first is that an irrational number should be represented by letter because it can not be expressed by decimal or fraction. The second is that $\sqrt{2}$ is a notation added the number in order to highlight the features that it can be 2 when it is squared. However it is difficult for learner to notice the reasons for using the root because the textbook does not provide the opportunity to discover. Furthermore, the reduction of the transparency for the letter in the development of history is more difficult to access from the conceptual aspects. Thus 'epistemological obstacles resulting from the double context' and 'epistemological obstacles originated by strengthening the transparency of the number' is expected. To overcome such epistemological obstacles, it is necessary to premise 'providing opportunities for development of notation' and 'an experience using the notation enhanced the transparency of the letter that the existing'. Based on these principles, this study proposed a plan consisting of six steps.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2002.10e
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 아라비안 숫자를 포함한 텍스트를 음성으로 합성하기 위하여, 숫자 형태와 분류사 그리고 숫자가 나오는 문맥에 따라 숫자를 자동으로 문자화할 수 있는 전처리 규칙을 설정하는데 목적을 둔다. 먼저 선행연구를 통해 숫자를 포함한 수사 및 수사표현의 읽기 규칙의 적용 범위 및 한계점을 살펴보고, 음성 합성을 위한 아라비안 숫자의 문자화 규칙을 설정하고자 한다. 현대 한국어에서 아라비안 숫자를 읽는 방식은 크게 고유어 방식과 한자어 방식이 있으며 단(單)단위에서는 영어가 사용되기도 한다. 또한 한자어 방식에서도 단위를 붙여 읽는 경우와 모든 수를 단 단위로 읽는 경우가 있으므로, 아라비안 숫자의 문자화를 단순한 규칙을 설정하여 자동화하기에는 중의성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 (1) 숫자 전 전치어(pre-numeral), (2) 기호를 포함한 숫자열의 표현 형식과 크기, (3) 단위 표현, (4) 숫자 후치어(post-numeral), (5) 분류사(classifier) (6) 분류사 후치어(post-classifier), (7) 수사표현 앞뒤 문맥에 따라, 아라비안 숫자표현이 문자화되는 방식을 살펴보았다. 분석 대상 말뭉치는 C 신문의 2000년 1월부터 2000년 4월까지 전체 기사 1,400건에서 숫자가 포함된 숫자표현 약 63,000개론 구성하였다. 패턴화된 구조 및 중의성이 없는 구조를 12가지로 밝히고 중의성이 있는 구조의 유형을 밝혔으며 분류사 후치어와의 결합 관계, 좌우 문맥정보를 통해 중의성 해결의 단서를 제시하고자 하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.12B no.4 s.100
• /
• pp.369-378
• /
• 2005

Document image is segmented and classified into text, picture, or table by a document layout analysis, and the words in table regions are significant for keyword spotting because they are more meaningful than the words in other regions. This paper proposes a method to extract words from table regions in document images. As word extraction from table regions is practically regarded extracting words from cell regions composing the table, it is necessary to extract the cell correctly. In the cell extraction module, table frame is extracted first by analyzing connected components, and then the intersection points are extracted from the table frame. We modify the false intersections using the correlation between the neighboring intersections, and extract the cells using the information of intersections. Text regions in the individual cells are located by using the connected components information that was obtained during the cell extraction module, and they are segmented into text lines by using projection profiles. Finally we divide the segmented lines into words using gap clustering and special symbol detection. The experiment performed on In table images that are extracted from Korean documents, and shows $99.16\%$ accuracy of word extraction.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.277-288
• /
• 2007

This study analyzed the visual images covering 'weather' and 'weather forecast' in elementary science textbooks from the Syllabus Period to the 7th national curriculum from the socio-semiotic perspective. The results showed that most of the visual images were 'realistic' which were descriptive of real world phenomena. This means that most of the visual images in elementary science text were familiar to students in every curriculum period. The power relationship in communication between images and students was very complex. The visual images in elementary science textbooks include few geometrical and alphanumeric code in every curriculum period. This study provides a new framework to interpret amount of information, functions of information, structures, and social meanings of visual images. It could be also a beginning stage to introduce the socio-semiotic perspective into choosing visual images for next science textbooks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 2012

This study is performed to light up the semiotic system of streetscape in the harbor on the basic concept of all cultural phenomena that could be described as a Semiotic System. The semiotic approach to landscape analysis was used for understanding landscape characteristics owing to implication of psychological process. Streets of the study were located at Ganguri and Opori on Gang-Gu Harbor and the signboard semiotics of streets were divided into 17 meanings according to the business category. The analysis of this category was applicable on semiotic meaning. The research results are as follows: First, the main part of the business category was food. 56.3% of Ganguri and 61.8% of Opori had the name of food businesses. Second, the semiotic characteristics of Gang-Gu harbor streets mainly mean place name or friendly name. The food business could be related to the principal products of this district which are called Young-Duk Great Crab. Also, the place name could be from symbolic meaning of the crab and the friendly name could be connected with increasing the sales. Finally, the semiotic approach to landscape does not fully cover the streetscape but could be useful for understanding a skeleton of harbor streetscape.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.61-78
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we discuss about De Morgan's view on the development of algebra according to following distinctions: arithmetic, universal arithmetic, symbolic algebra, significant algebra. De Morgan thought that the differences between arithmetic and universal arithmetic lie in the usage of letters and the immediate performance of computation. In his viewpoint, universal arithmetic is a transitional phase, in which absurd phenomena occur, from arithmetic to algebra and these absurd phenomena call for algebra. The feature of De Morgan's view on the development of algebra is that symbolic calculus which consist of symbol system without symbol's meaning is acquired, then as extended meanings are furnished to symbols, symbolic calculus become logical so significant calculus is developed. For example, Single algebra is developed, as an extended meaning is furnished to a symbol -1, and double algebra is developed, as an extended meaning is furnished to a symbol $\sqrt{-1}$. According to De Morgan, a symbol system is derived from the incompleteness of a prior symbol system.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2001

Human beings have been leading their life and desirable social life through communication. Human communication has been changed and expanded through language, letters, printing media, broadcasting media, and more recently network communication media. Since the invention of characters, books have been the human beings' communication medium that have the longest history, and they have preserved and succeeded human spiritual world. Children's picture books are also a communication medium composed of the transmitter of the information, message, medium, and the receiver, and makes the process of communication. The sender: writer, illustrator, and editor, analyzes children, special receiver, symbolizes messages, make up contents and make communication come true by selecting media and effectively delivering them to children. Considering the developmental characteristics of the receiver, children and their desires, visual media such as the writings and illustrations. The writings and illustrations are the most appropriate for communication with children. The first, picture books are for the communication between grown-ups and children, and also that with society for helping children find their identity and perform their roles. The second, through the message of writings and illustrations young children acquire human communication ability of this age. That is, they experience and learn visual communication and letter communication

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2015

In an "NTFS Index Record Data Hiding" method messages are hidden by using file names. Windows NTFS file naming convention has some forbidden ASCII characters for a file name. When inputting Hangul with the Roman alphabet, if the forbidden characters for the file name and binary data are used, the codes are convert to a designated unicode point to avoid a file creation error due to unsuitable characters. In this paper, the problem of a file creation error due to non-admittable characters for the file name is fixed, which is used in the index record data hiding method. Using Hangul with Roman alphabet the characters cause a file creation error are converted to an arbitrary unicode point except Hangul and Roman alphabet area. When it comes to binary data, all 256 codes are converted to designated unicode area except an extended unicode(surrogate pairs) and ASCII code area. The results of the two cases, i.e. the Hangul with Roman alphabet case and the binary case, show the applicability of the proposed method.