• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2010

Two cell lines derived from spontaneous canine mammary gland tumors were established and characterized. Mammary gland tumors from 9 years old pug and 9 years old toy-poodle dogs were collected by aseptic surgical resection and primary culture was performed. The histopathologic examination of tumors revealed adenocarcinoma and complex carcinoma and two dogs died from metastasis of the tumors. The tumor cells were subcultured over 60 times for more than 1 year and morphological consistency maintained. Light microscopic examination, growth curve, doubling time calculation, xenotransplantation to female nude mice, immunohistochemistry for wide spectrum keratin, vimentin, $\alpha$-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 8 was performed for characterization. The cell lines exhibited polygonal, elongated cell shape and cytoplasmic bridge and doubling time of 47.1 hrs and 18.6 hrs, respectively. Subcutaneous xenotransplantation to nude mice of the cells produced localized palpable mass within 4 weeks in 4 of 5 and 5 of 5 nude mice, respectively. In immunohistochemical examination one cell line showed strong positive against wide spectrum keratin and cytokeratin 8 and the other cell line showed strong positive against smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 8. Additional characterization would be possible by investigator's needs and the cell lines may be useful for in vivo and in vitro studies of canine mammary tumor and adjuvant therapies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.284-288
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• 2010

The aim of this report is to compare quantitatively computed radiography (CR) and screen-film radiography (SFR) in the detection of peritoneal effusion in dogs. Normal four beagle dogs and one Maltese dog were used. Each five CR and SFR abdominal images of right lateral and ventro-dorsal position were obtained after lodge of 6 ml, 8 ml, 12 ml, 15 ml, and 18 ml of normal saline by intraperitoneal injection within the abdomen. The reviewers were asked to evaluate each SFR and CR images for the presence of peritoneal effusion using the score by the presence of a peritoneal effusion on a five-point ordinal scale. A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis compared the two imaging modalities. The present study showed that there was no statistical difference between SFR and CR in the detecting peritoneal effusion, but CR was relatively more sensitive based on the increased area under its ROC analysis. Moreover, Readers were more likely to detect peritoneal effusion on CR images than SFR.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2000

Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster virus and Human herpes virus-6 caused central nervous system infections and latent infections but there is no data of the 3 viruses being tested from the same cerebrospinal fluid samples with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis in adults patients. These viruses produced similar neurologic symptoms but difficulties existed in differentiating of etiologic agents and therefore the viruses needed to be detected in the early state. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) in adults, if not treated promptly was fatal. If treated with antiviral drugs in the early phase of encephalitis, neurologic sequales decreased by 65%. Recently, a PCR method for detection of HSVE with CSF was developed. VZV primary and secondary infections caused neurologic symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis. The second frequency of adult encephalitis that caused VZV were reported. HHV-6 caused CNS latent infection that was studied with normal adults brains. But there is no data of HSV, VZV and HHV-6 for aseptic meningitis and encephalitis of Korean adults through etiologic study. We cultured CSFs on HEp-2 cells and simultaneously tested for HSV PCR, VZV nested PCR and HHV-6 PCR with 8 specific primers. The PCR results of CSF from meningitis Korean adults were 13/19 (68.4%) for HSV, 10/19 (52.6%) for VZV and 12/19 (63.2%) for HHV-67/19 (36.8%) cases were triple infected HSV PCR, VZV PCR and HHV-6 PCR positive; 3/19 (15.8%) cases were dual infected HSV PCR and HHV-6 PCR positive; 1119 (0.5%) cases was VZV PCR positive. Strong viral DNA amplification of CSF means a causative virus may be present in aseptic meningitis or encephalitis patients and may cause clinical neurologic symptoms. HSV and HHV-6 viruses detection rate were higher than VZV by PCR with CSFs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1988

The role of passive cell-mediated transfer of immunity against primary amoebic meningoen- cephalitis(PAME) in mice was studied. Waegleria fowleri, ITMAP 359, were cultured in CGVS medium. The ICR mice used were six week-old males of average weight of 15 g. Immunization was done by three intraperitoneal injections of $1{\times}10^6$ N. fowleri trophozoites at the interval of one week. Splenocytes were obtained from normal and immune mice spleens, and Ix107 cells were administered intraperitoneally into mice 3 days before challenge infection. Mice were infected intranasally with $7{\times}10^4$ N. fowleri trophozoites in a $3{\;}{\mu}l$ suspension under secobarbiturate anesthesia. Transplants of normal or immune splenocytes seem to alter the pattern of the PAME level- opment. The splenocytcs transferred from immune mice reduced the mortality rate in the JV. fowleri infected mice, as compared with the mice transferred with the same number of normal splenocytes or without splenocyte, The blastogenic response of the splenocytes to both lipopoly- saccharide and concanavalin A was elevated on duty 7 after infection the mice transinoculated with immune splenocytes. The serum antibody titers in the mice transferred with immune spleno- cytes were increased gradually from day 7 up to day 20 after infections by mean of ELISA. It is suggested that the transfer of splenocytes from immuniged mice conferred immunity against N. fowleri infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 1993

Ten axonic isolates of Trichomonns uaginolis were subcutaneously injected to the BALB/c mice in order to assess their pathogenicity by means of so-called "mouse assay" method. All the isolates revealed neutral and acid proteinase activities both in their Iysates and in culture media, but the specific activities of both proteinases in the severely pathogenic group were significantly higher than the mildly pathogenic group (p < 0.05). In the SDS-PAGE system in which the electrophoretic gels contained 0.4% gelatin as the substrate, five different handing patterns of trichomonal proteinases were detected, and the patterns were closely related with the pathogenicity of the isolates of T. vosinalis. All five bands might be regarded as cysteine proteinases group in the inhibitor assays. The cytotoxicity of the Iysates of T. vaginalis to the target Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cell line was also significantly different according to the pathogenicity of the isolates, and generally lower in the Iysates treated with cysteine proteinase inhibitors than in the control Iysates. In summarizing the results, it might be considered that the proteinases of T.vaginalis showing five electrophoretic banding patterns are closely related with the pathogenicity and cytotoxicity of the isolates of T. voginolis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

Taraxacum platycarpum has been used as a medicinal plant. We investigated optimal condition for efficient plant regeneration through adventitious shoot formation on medium with various kinds of growth regulators. Adventitious shoot formation was achieved when cytokinin was used alone. Shoot formation was higher on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP compared to that with 2 mg/L kinetin and 2 mg/L 2-ip. Among root, hypocotyl and cotyledon, roots were the best explant for the adventitious shoot induction. Adventitious shoot formation from roots declined markedly by the combination of both 0.1 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L BAP, while shoot formation from cotyledons was stimulated by the same combination. Root formation from the regenerated shoots was achieved on 1/3MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA. Regenerated plantlets was acclimatized and transplanted to the soil, showing 100% survival.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection in infants younger than 3 months of age. Lumbar puncture is routinely performed to evaluate febrile young infants for sepsis. However, there is no clear consensus on the use of routine lumbar puncture to diagnose concomitant meningitis in infants with UTI. We evaluated the prevalence of coexisting bacterial meningitis and sterile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in young infants with UTI. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 85 infants with UTI, aged from 29 to 99 days, who were admitted to Daegu Catholic University Medical Center from January 2013 to May 2016. We included 80 patients who had undergone lumbar puncture. Demographic features, clinical features, and laboratory findings were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of sterile CSF pleocytosis and we compared these groups and assessed the differences between them. Results: Of the 80 UTI patients enrolled, 34 (43%) had sterile CSF pleocytosis. None had bacterial meningitis, and CSF polymerase chain reaction for enterovirus was positive in two patients without CSF pleocytosis. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to age, body temperature, peripheral white blood cell count, urinalysis, and duration of hospital stay. Conclusions: Though sterile CSF pleocytosis is common in young UTI patients, coexisting bacterial or viral meningitis is very rare. Indications for lumbar puncture in these patients depend on clinical condition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1984

The persistence of butachlor and nitrofen in different soil conditions applied organic matter, lime, and other pesticides was studied under submerged and field moisture capacity. Degradation of the herbicides in soil was significantly retarded by autoclaving the soil and half-life of nitrofen was much longer than that of butachlor under this condition. Submerging the soil enhanced degradation of the herbicides, in particular that of nitrofen. On the other hand, half-life of nitrofen under field moisture capacity was twice longer than that of butachlor. Increased amendment of rice straw to the soil shortened the half-life of nitrofen under submerged soil, however it prolonged that of butachlor when the amendment was exceeded 1000kg/10a level. Liming the soil stimulated herbicide decomposition in the soil, which appears to be pH independent. Butachlor degradation in submerged soil was slightly stimulated by simultaneous application of fungicides and insecticides, but nitrofen persistence was not influenced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.20-26
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• 2000

호흡기계 및 소화기계에 감염된 전염성 바이러스에 대한 역학적 기초자료로 이용하고자 1999년 1월부터 12월까지 부산지역에서 분리된 전염성 바이러스의 특징과 계절적 발생추이, 환자의 성별, 연령별 발생에 대해 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 1999년도 바이러스 가검물 2261건에서 분리한 호흡기계감염 바이러스 279건과 소화기계 감염 바이러스 83주를 분리하였으며, 이중 인플루엔자 바이러스 A형이 96주(29.6%), B형이 107주(33.0%)로 대부분을 차지하였다. 2. 1999년의 바이러스 분리의 성별 분포는 총 360명의 환자 중 179명(49.7%)의 남성 및 181명(50.3%)의 여성으로 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. 이중 호흡기계의 경우 279명의 감염환자 중 남성이 130명(46.6%), 여성이 149명(53.4%)으로 여성의 감염율이 비교적 높았으나, 소화기계의 경우 83명의 감염환자 중 남성이 51명(61.4%), 여성이 32명(38.5%)으로 남성의 감염율이 거의 2배정도 높게 나타났다. 3. 1999년의 연령별 분포는 10세 이하의 어린이가 194명(59.9%)으로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 이중 인플루엔자 바이러스가 99명(30.6%)으로 가장 높은 감염을을 나타내었다 유행성이하선염 바이러스의 감염어린이 중에 $l1{\sim}15$세의 연령층이 15명으로(53.3%)로 가장 높게 나타났다. 4. 1999년 월별 감염율은 호흡기계 감염증 바이러스의 경우 1월부터 4월까지, 그리고 12월에 증가 추세를 보이면서 4월에 가장 높은 감염율을 나타내었다 소화기계 감염증 바이러스의 경우 9, 10, 11월을 제외한 모든 월별에 관찰되었으며, echo와 coxsackie 바이러스는 무균성 수막염 환자에서 하절기에 집중적으로 발생하였다. 동절기에 유행하는 설사 바이러스는 12월에 비교적 높은 양상을 나타내었다. 5. 인플루엔자 바이러스는 MDCK 세포에서, 아데노 바이러스와 유행성 이하선염 바이러스는 HEp-2 세포에서, 파라인플루엔자 바이러스는 Vero 세포에서, 그리고 echo, coxsackie B 바이러스와 장내 바이러스는 HEp-2, Vero, BGM 세포에서 뚜렷한 세포병변 효과를 나타내었다. 6. 분리한 바이러스는 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 인플루엔자 바이러스 A 형(HINI, H3N2)은 95nm, B 형은 70nm크기의 구형을 나타내었으며, 바이러스표면의 지질 이중층이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 아데노 바이러스는 외피가 관찰되지 않았으며, nucleocapsid는 symmetry이고 크기는 71nm로서 바이러스 입자 표면에 icosaheral capsomer의 배열이 명확하게 관찰되었고, 파라인플루엔자 바이러스와 유행성 이하선염 바이러스는 외피가 있는 구형의 큰 viron으로180, 170nm 크기이었다. 7. Echo와 coxsackie B group 바이러스는 모두 외피가 없는 isometric 형으로 크기는 $30{\sim}45nm$ 이었고, enteric adeno 바이러스는 84nm 크기로서 외피가 없고, 입자 표면에 capsomer의 배열이 명확하게 관찰되었고, rotavirus는 크기가 70nm이며 외층 capsid 단백질과 내층 capsid 단백질이 두층으로 되어 있는 전형적인 수레바퀴 모양을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 호흡기계 및 소화기계에 감염되는 전염성 바이러스는 연중 지속적으로 분리되고 있으며 전염성이 강하여 집단 발생은 일으키는 경우도 많고 최근 들어 유행성 이하선염과 흥역 바이러스의 발생률이 높은 추이를 나타내고 있지만 아직은 특이한 바이러스 치료제가 개발되어 있지 않았으므로 지속적인 대책과 아울러 장기적인 발생 가능에 대한 예방책을 흥보하여야 할 것으로 보이며 계속적인 바이러스성 전염병 유행예측조사 및 역학조사가 적극적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 1996

Purpose : Aseptic meningitis is relatively frequent in children and caused mostly by enterovirus. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of early diagnosis (spinal tapping) on symptom duration of childhood aseptic meningitis. Methods : One hundred fifty-three children who were hospitalized due to aseptic menigitis in the Department of Pediatrics St. Benedict Hospital from July 1996 through October 1996 were included in this study. Patients were divided to two groups according to the duration from first symptom onset to diagnosis. Early diagnosis group is diagnosed within 3 days from first symptom onset. Later diagnosis group is diagnosed after 4 days from first symptom onset. Results : 1) The average age of these patients was 4.3 years old in early diagnosis group and 4.1 years old in later diagnosis group. The sex ratio(male: female) was 2.04:1 in early diagnosis group and 2.5:1 in later diagnosis group. 2) The mean duration of diagnosis of this study was 2.04 day in early diagnosis group and 5.12 day in later diagnosis group. 3) The percentage of symptom and sign of the early diagnosis group were fever(100%), headache(88.4%), vomiting(86.9%), abdominal pain(39%), neck stiffness(36.2%), skin rash(18.8%), diarrhea(16.9%) and that of later diagosis group were fever(100%), headache(83.3), vomiting(80.9%), abdominal pain(47.6%), neck stiffness(41.6%), skin rash(29.7%), diarrhea(16.6%). 4) Initial CSF findings revealed leukocyte $146.8{\pm}386.3/mm^3$ with PMNL 38%, protein 32.47mg/dl, sugar 66.23mg/dl in early diagnosis group and leukocyte $458.1{\pm}663.2/mm^3$, protein 31.22mg/dl, sugar 64.21 mg/dl in later diagnosis group. 5) There was no statistically significant differance in the peripheral blood findings between early diagnosis group and later diagnosis group. 6) The duration of disappearance of symptom after spinal tap were 2.3 days in early diagnosis group and 2.24 days in later diagnosis group. Total symptom duration was 4.34 days in early diagnosis group and 7.36 days in later diagnosis group. Conclusions : Our results demonstrate that early diagnosis(early spinal tap) shortened duration of clinical symptoms.