• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.332-335
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• 2015

Taphrina wiesneri, a pathogen of cherry witches' broom, is highly pathogenic to Prunus yedoensis Matsumura which are widely planted in parks and streets in South Korea. In order to control the disease, it is crucial to know the life cycle of the fungus. We attempted to detect the fungus tentatively overwintering in shoots and branches of cherry trees both having witches' broom and healthy before flowering and leafing in spring using PCR with species-specific primer set (TwITSF and TwITSR). Genomic DNAs were extracted from the symptomatic and the asymptomatic shoots or branches. Results indicated that T. wiesneri is present in leaf buds and inner bark not only in symptomatic branches but also in the asymptomatic branches in diseased trees. However, the fungus was not detected in flower buds of the symptomatic trees and any samples of healthy trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1985

Dimension analysis was used to estimate biomass and net primary production(NPP) in a 36-year-old Japanese red pine (Pines densiflora S. et Z.) natural forest in Kangwondo. Best estimation was made by the equation model of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ where Wt is weight in kg, D is DBH in cm, and H is total tree height in m. Total aboveground biomass was estimated at 198.82 t/ha. Organic matter was distributed in the Japanese red pine stand as follows ; bolewood 68.8%, live branches 16.5%, bolebark 5.4%, foliage 4.6%, dead branches 3.7%, and cones 0.6%. Net primary production was estimated at 15.87 t/㏊/yr and was distributed: bolewood 44.5%, live branches 30.9%, foliage 14.1%, current twig 7.1%, and bolebark 3.3%. Leaf efficiency was estimated at 1.876. The power equation for biomass and IVPP yielded similar results as the results for Pines densiflora in Japan.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.397-408
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• 2006

치주질환은 치아 지지조직의 파괴로 튿정 지어지는 감염성 질환으로서 이것은 주로 조직의 교원질 성분을 분해시키는 MMP(matrix metalloproteinase)에 의해 이루어진다. 한편, 여러 연구에서 당뇨병과 치주질환의 심도와의 관계에 대한 논의가 있어왔으며 당뇨병이 치주염을 포함한 구강 감염에 대한 감수성을 증가시키며 역으로 만성 치주염의 염증성 매개물질에 의해 인슐린 작용이 방해받을 수 있음을 보고하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 만성 치주염 환자와 제 2형 당뇨병을 동반한 만성 치주염 환자의 치은조직에서 MMP-13과 elastase의 발현 양상을 비교하여 병리 기전의 차이점을 규명하고, 두 단백질간의 상호관계를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 경북대 병원 치주과에 내원한 환자의 비당뇨 환자의 정상 치은 부위, 비당뇨 환자의 만성 치주염 부위, 제 2형 당뇨병 환자의 만성 치주염 부위에서 각각 8개의 변연 치은을 채득하여 액화 질소에 급속 동결시켰다. 모든 조직 샘플에서 동량의 단백질을 western blotting을 통해 분석하여였고, densitometer를 이용하여 정량한 후 ANOVA 분석으로 통계처리 하였다. 결과분석에서 MMP-13은 제 2형 당뇨를 가진 환자의 염증성 조직에서 가장 높게 발현되었고 전신적으로 건강한 환자의 염증성 조직과 정상 조직에서는 유사한 양상을 보였으며 그 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 또한 elastas는 그룹간에 유의한 차이 없이 유사한 양상으로 발현되었고, 염증성 조직에서도 당뇨병의 유무에 관계없이 유사하게 나타났다. 한편 조직내 MMP-13과 elastase의 발현 양상간에 유의한 상관관계는 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 MMP-13은 당뇨병을 동반한 환자의 치은 염증초직에서 유의하게 증가되어 나타났으며, 전신적으로 건강한 환자의 염증조직과 당뇨를 동반한 환자의 염증조직에서 MMP-13과 elastase의 발현양상은 큰 상관관계가 발견되지 않았다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.571-577
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• 2018

Bicycle riders complain of many inconveniences when wearing glasses, sunglasses and masks. The disposable fine dust mask has been developed to resolve such inconveniences of bicycle riders. The scope of research is limited to the fiber which generates one-time static electricity and the shape of the mask due to the characteristic of fine dust mask. The purpose is to design and make the fine dust mask with a simple production process. The new disposable fine dust mask has secured enough space of the mask in front of the mouth by longitudinal folding and minimized stuffiness by maintaining the shape of the folded part to prevent touching the mouth even by heavy breathing. The streamlined sponge is attached at the part of nose support and the area of the cheek has been expanded to be about 2.5cm wider than ordinary masks to improve tight seal at the side. In addition, a new disposable fine dust scarf mask has been developed to block ultraviolet rays for the face and neck while filtering fine dust with the tight fine dust mask.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 1980

The effect of particle size of silicate fertilizer, crushed slag from the steel industry, on the behavior of silicate in soil was investigated through laboratory experiments. The silicate fertilizer was sieved to obtain three fractions of particles, coarser than 10 mesh 20-35 mesh, and finer than 100 mesh. Silicate concentration of the extract obtained by shaking 20 mg of particles, coarser than 10 mesh, 20-35 mesh, and finer than 100 mesh, in 50 ml of distilled water for 4 hours was 0.3, 1.0, and 3.2 ppm respectively. As shaking the mixture of the silicate fertilizer and soil proceeded, silicate concentration of the extract increased, and this increase after 4 hour shaking was attributed mainly to dissolution of soil silicate. When the mixture of soil and the silicate fertilizer was incubated under submerged condition, silicate concentration of the solution decreased for the first 2-4 weeks, thereafter increased with incubation time. During this incubation period, silicate concentration of the solution changed inversely with pH of the solution. After 6-10 weeks, however, both silicate concentration and pH of the solution increased with incubation time. Silicate concentration of the effluent from the 14.5 cm soil column of which top 4.5 cm was packed with the mixture of 30 g of soil and 30 mg of the silicate fertilizer reached maximum at 0.94 pore volumes for the particles of 20-35 mesh and 1.03 pore volumes for the particles finer than 100 mesh, whereas the effluent concentration reached maximum at 0.88 pore volumes for the soil column without the silicate fertilizer treatment. Soil analysis made after water percolation revealed that 1.5 pore volumes of water could leach down large amount of the water soluble silicate but not the sodium acetate extractable silicate, from top 3-6 cm soil layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that might distinguish those who have a high level of Intention to purchase each of domestic, foreign designer and national brand jeans from those who have a low intention in terms of evaluative criteria belief, ideal jeans image and clothing altitude. The sample consisted of 198 male and 197 female students from five universities in Seoul. The questionnnaire consisted of 50 seven-point semantic differential scales dealing with evaluative criteria and ideal jeans image, beliefs about and intention to purchase domestic, foreign designer and foreign national brand jeans and 25 Likert type clothing attitude scales. Based on a series of t-tests the results showed that color and design were the most influencing factor among the evaluative criteria belief, regardless of brand type, while durability, accessory, sewing were the least. Sexy image, brand consciousnees and fashion interest were the important factor that distinguish high intention to purchase group fro)m low intention to purchase group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1296-1300
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• 2006

Purpose : We studied the usefulness of transcutaneous bilirubinometers in follow-up of bilirubin levels during phototherapy in neonatal jaundice patients. Methods : Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured twice per day on 90 neonatal jaundice patients without risk factors of jaundice by transcutaneous bilirubinometer JM-103(Minolta/Hill-Rom Air-shields, Japan). TcB was measured simultaneously on the patched-forehead (TcB-PF), patchedchest(TcB-PC), unpatched-forehead (TcB-UF) and unpatched-chest (TcB-UC) of infants with neonatal jaundice. Plasma bilirubin (PB) was measured by American Optical bilirubinometer (American Optical Co, Buffalo, USA) within 30 minutes after transcutaneous bilirubinometer measurement. Each TcB was compared with PB. Results : In the study group, the mean gestational age was $38.6{\pm}1.3wk$, the mean birthweight was $3,207.0{\pm}472.1g$, the mean age at start of phototherapy was $4.9{\pm}0.9days$ and the mean duration of phototherapy was $1.3{\pm}0.6days$. The correlation between TcB and PB level was observed. The correlation between TcB of the patched part (TcB-PF, TcB-PC) and PB was more significant than that of the unpatched part (TcB-UF, TcB-UC) and PB. The most significant correlation was between PB and TcB-PC. Conclusion : TcB was useful in the follow-up of jaundice during phototherapy as well the screening of jaundice in neonatal jaundice patients. TcB of patched-chest area was the most reliable site in transcutaneous bilirubinometer examination in neonatal jaundice patients.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2007

Purpose: Try to compare dose distribution and lung dose of radiation treatment plan of the breast cancer that used Irregular Surface Compensator (ISC) and treatment plan that used a wedge filter. Materials and Methods: Established a treatment plan to be distributed over 95% of prescription dose (5,040 cGy) of the two tangent-half fields that used a wedge filter and ISC at a breast organization as made to breast cancer patient having an irregular surfaces after surgery. Compared high dose area and DVH, and verified a treatment plan as used film with rectangular phantom. Results: Maximum dose point in breast tissue appeared to 107.5% in case of tangent-half fields Tx plan that used a wedge filter, and lung volumes exposed above 20 Gy by 7.63%. In case of ISC, maximum dose point in breast tissue appeared to 106.4%, and lung volumes exposed above 20 Gy by 6.5%. The film measurement results that used phantom, 105$\sim$110% high dose region was distributed to the upper part and both edges of phantom. However in case of ISC, appeared by 100$\sim$105% dose conformity distribution. Conclusion: In general, the Irregular Surface Compensator (ISC) can improve the dose conformity of breast tissues, as well as reduced hot spots in the lung and in the breast. Such an advantage by using ISC technique is more beneficial for patients who have more irregular surfaces after surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2007

Transgastric endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully accomplished in a 1-year-old, 15 kg, female, mongrel dog. Single-working channel flexible gastric endoscope was used with the aid of one abdominal laparoscopic port. Gastrotomy was performed using endoscopic needle knife at the ventral antral region. Through the gastric incision endoscope was advanced and retroflexed for the visualization of gallbladder. For the better exposure of surgical field, gentle traction was applied at the fundus of the gallbladder using laparoscopic grasping forceps. Cystic duct and artery was ligated using endoclips. After transecting the duct and artery, gallbladder was dissected using endoscopic coagulating grasping forceps and needle knife. Resected gallbladder was retrieved through the mouth and gastric incision site was sutured using endoclips. There was no evidence of bile leakage or stomach leakage on postoperative day (POD) 3. On POD 16, gastric endoscopy and laparoscopy was performed. Gastric endoscopy revealed complete adhesion of incision site. The content of the peritoneum appeared healthy, with no sign of infection, bile staining, or organ injury. The omentum was adhered over resected gallbladder fossa and the serosal surface of gastrotomy site. This is the first report of NOTES cholecystectomy in the dog and provides new concept of cholecystectomy of the dog.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2000

Objective :The transoral approach allows direct view of the ventral craniovertebral junction and provides useful management of the various lesions of this area. We present a step by step guide to the performance of the transoral excision of the odontoid process in the cadaveric model. Methods : Ten cadaver heads were used in fixed or unfixed state. We describe the relevant surgical anatomy in the cadaveric dissection and surgical technique of transoral transpharyngeal odontoidectomy. Results : The surgical procedure of transoral odontoidectomy was categorized by six steps；soft palate, posterior pharyngeal wall, muscular structures, osseous structures, odontoid process and ligaments, cruciate ligament and dura. Conclusion : With anatomical knowledge of these regions neurosurgeons can deal with wide variety of lesions in the ventral craniovertebral junction.