• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.243-253
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• 2016

In this study, crutch and crutch gait for the handicapped in the lower extremity were discussed, and the study was conducted as a part of long-term research that suggests a practical solution for a crutch design. Three axillary crutches were evaluated in the study by a set of design guidelines for crutches delivered from the advanced research. In this comparative study with axillary crutch design variations, 31 healthy subjects were participated and three crutches were evaluated by ten guidelines. The result showed that Mobilegs-ultra and In-motion Pro were significantly greater than KM Crutch. However, no statistically significant difference was found between Mobilegs-ultra and In-motion Pro. While analyzing with guidelines, Mobilegs-ultra and In-motion Pro were significantly greater than KM Crutch for 6-guideline, but no significant difference was found among three crutches for the guidelines related with Lightweight and Economical feasibility and marketability. The result of the study is expected to be used for a solid foundation to evaluate for the reasonableness of the guidelines with comprehensive analysis for crutch gait evaluation in the further study.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.55-70
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• 2018

This study was conducted as a part of long-term project on the development of a set of design guidelines for a crutch as mobility aids for the handicapped in the lower extremity and the suggestion a practical solution for a crutch design. The purpose of this study is to develop a design of a crutch and a set of prototypes that reflects the characteristics of crutch-gait and has a realistic possibility for mass production-based industry. TOGO, a axillary crutch as the result of this study, shows a number of characteristics distinguished from ordinary crutches. These are (1)Minimize the shock associated with planting of the crutch tips by improving the form and structure of crutch tip and axillary pad, (2)Ergonomically designed crutch in accordance with users' body movement while walking on crutches, (3)Easy length control to maximize mobility and maneuverability by changing the cross section of the crutch revolutionary, (4)Minimize possibilities of safety hazards, and (5)Attractive shape of the crutch to keep user self-esteem. The revolutionary crutch derived from this study results has been patented, and the company is seeking to mass-produce and find ways to commercialize it after reviewing the potential problems that may arise in the mass production environment.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.2047-2048
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• 2011

장애인 보조기구 중 목발은 수요가 높을 뿐 아니라 사용빈도가 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 많은 사람이 필요로 하고, 사용하고 있는 목발에 대한 지속적인 관리의 필요성은 충분히 인식되고 있으나 품질관리는 잘 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 목발 사용의 대표적 문제점인 바닥접촉 고무부분의 마모가 빠르고 미끄럼 사고가 많이 발생한다는 점에 착안하여 시중에 유통 중인 목발을 수거하여 고무 경도 시험과 미끄럼저항 시험을 진행하였다. 시험 결과를 바탕으로 안전한 목발 사용을 위한 목발 고무받침의 기준을 제시하고자 한다.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.157-169
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• 2015

In this study, three axillary crutches(Mobilegs, KM crutch, Pro In-motion) were tested with 12 healthy male subjects by measuring the EMG activity of the latissimus dorsi and gastrocnemius and the user-perceived levels focusing on the comfort and ease of use. The result showed that the EMG activity of the gastrocnemius was significantly reduced during ambulation using Mobilegs and Pro In-motion compared with the ambulation using KM crutch, a conventional crutch. However, no statistically significant difference was found for EMG activity of the latissimus dorsi. Subjects perceived the Mobilegs to be more comfortable and easy to use than the other crutches. Theses result may delivered mostly from the characteristics of spring-loaded axillary pad and ergonomic crutch handle. The results indicate that ambulation using the spring-loaded crutch is much easy with asking less exertion at gastrocnemius. In addition, the characteristics of crutch design, such as embedded spring, makes muscles to consume less energy. When the reasonable structure and form of the axillary pad and crutch handle are applied herein, the ambulation using the crutches are perceived to comfort.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4001-4007
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• 2011

In this study, we selected ten normal women in their 20's and 4 weeks measured Exercise Intensity, Voluntary Ventilation, Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Oxygen and Calorie Consumption and Ventilation Equivalent of them during Normal Gait, Splint-equipped Gait and Crutch Gait With Splint in order to find out whether the movement limitation and the weight of orthosis could have an effect on energy consumption. Each gait was conducted at a comfortable speed, 2.74 km/h for 30 minutes equipped with splint whose average weight is 1.2 kg. In the result of the study, The Crutch Gait With Splint showed high Exercise Intensity compaired to Normal Gait and Splint-equipped Gait. In addtion, in The Voluntary Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption, The Crutch Gait showed higher figures than two the others and the difference was significant as well(p<0.05). As for The Calorie Consumption, it also showed higher figures than two the others but the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, in The Respiratory Exchange Ratio and The Ventilation Equivalent, there was no significant difference among three conditional variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 1984

The highest cutting ratio and the best growth performance of the P. alba, P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa and P. glandulosa were at -0.05 bars of soil water potential (${\Psi}_s$). Their growth and rooting ability of cuttings were better in suitable soil moisture contents, 19.650, but were worse in low soil moisture contents, 11.41% and 16.66%, respectively. Specially, P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa appeared hybrid vigor in high soil water potential (${\Psi}_s$= -0.05 bars) but not appeared it below ${\Psi}_s$ = -0.5 bars. It is believed that P. glandulosa is a natural hybrid between P. davidiana and P. alba in view of morphological characteristics. Aspen, normally, does not have the rooting ability of cuttings, however, P. glandulosa showed the rooting ability, though the ratio was low, 23%. It is estimated that this rooting ability was originated from P. alba. In addition, its growth rate was between P. alba and P. davidiana, and the sensitivity of water requirement for the growth was also really equal to P. alba. This facts prove P. glandulosa to be natural hybrid between P. alba and P. davidiana.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1978

In order to investigate the difference of rootability between 15 clones of Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa selected based on the growth performance, rooting of cutting experiments with these 15 clones were conducted at the nursery for six years from 1970 to 1975. Cutting experiments in a temperature controlled incubator in which the temperature of the cutting bed were set to $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ were also performed. Along with these experiments air layering experiments were performed to compare with the rootabilities obtained from nursery trial. The results obtained so far could be summarized as follows. 1. The best rooting clones were 65-22-4 and 65-22-11, and the average rooting percentages of these two clones for six years were 76.7%, and 72.9% respectively. The poorest rooting clone was 66-6-8 showing average rooting percentage of 45.8%. 2. The middle class of rooting percentage was ocuppied by the clones; 66-14-29, 66-14-93, 66-25-5 and 67-6-3, and the range of their rooting percentage was 60~69% on average. 3. The rooting performances observed through the nursery, the incubator and the air layering experiments were almost the same with exception of few clones. 4. P. alba${\times}$glandulosa showed the best rooting percentage at the cutting bed of $20^{\circ}C$ 5. The most roots, i.e. 78.5% of root per cutting were developed from the bottom part of the cutting shoot. 6. Adventitious and call use roots could observe in the cuttings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.61-63
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• 2004

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of feedback methods and ambulatory assistive aids on accuracy of partial weight bearing in healthy adults. Twenty subjects were recruited and trained to 30% weight bearing of body weight (BW) using 3-point gait crutches and wheeled walker pattern. Dynamic feedback group (n=11) was received dynamic postresponse feedback and static group (n=9) received static feedback. Force plate was used to measure %BW and GAITRite used to measure gait parameters in immediately and after 3 days of training. Immediately after training, there was not significantly at 30%BW target load in dynamic group with crutch gait (p>.05). There were significantly differences in %BW according to feedback methods and ambulatory aids (p<.05). There was not significant difference between immediately and after 3 days of training (p>0.05). There were significantly differences in gait velocity and stance ratio between crutches and wheeled walker gait (p<.05). Thus, it was suggested that if possible, use crutches, training for partial weight bearing via dynamic feedback is necessary.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.830-841
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• 2001

The purpose of my study is to provide some information on clothing for the handicapped with special needs. So I have designed clothes for the handicapped to provide some solutions for their clothing problems. These clothing designs for crutch and wheelchair users were based on solutions proposed by many researchers. The number of handicapped has been increasing gradually for years, especially the physically handicapped. Although they make use of many instruments for ease of movements and other physical conditions, most of the handicapped generally use crutches and wheelchairs. So I designed clothing for the crutch and wheelchair users. In order to ease problems in dressing and undressing, when using the crutch and wheelchair, various physical attributes of clothing should be considered: (1) Selection of fabric, (2) construction and location of the opening, (3) type and location of fastenings, and (4) design of garments for comfort and ease of movement. Clothing should also be able to satisfy psychological needs related to attractive appearance. My designs have proposed seven items of clothing. These include a cape-coat, over-blouse, one-piece dress and an pants for the crutch users. Also, a shirts, pants, and wheelchair wrap for wheelchair users will be displayed.