• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.322-332
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a maternal role adjustment program on first-time mothers. Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were first-time mothers admitted to two postpartum clinics at women's hospitals. The experimental group had 38 mothers and the control group had 35 mothers. A maternal role adjustment program was applied individually to the experimental group between the 1st and 2nd weeks after childbirth. Assessing Adaptation to Motherhood, Semantic Differential Scale-Myself as Mother, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to measure effects of the program. A pre-test was conducted in the 1st week after childbirth while post-tests were conducted in the 4th and 6th weeks. Data were analyzed with $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 24.0. Results: Maternal role adjustment (F=6.17, p=.015) and maternal identity (F=6.63, p=.012) were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. However, the difference in postpartum depression (F=1.11, p=.335) was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions: The maternal role adjustment program can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention program to enhance maternal role adjustment and maternal identity for first-time mothers.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.54-68
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• 1991

This study was conducted to provide the basic information for nursing intervention in infant teach. ing and feeding situation. The subjects were 30 pairs of mother and her infant(9 month) who were normally delivered at 3 university hospital in Seoul area. The data collection was conducted by observation using videotaperecord from September 27, 1989 to Feburary 26, 1990 in their home. The measulsement tools used by this researcher were Nursing child Assessment Teaching scale (NCATS) and Nursing child Assessment Feeding Scale(NCAFS) which was developed by Barnard. The higher sum of "yes" score means the higher mother-infant interaction level. Mother-Infant interaction behaviors in both sitution were based on 6 subcategories; sensitivity to cue, response to distress, social-emotional growth fostering, cognitive growth 'fostering, clarity of + cues, and responsiveness to parent. The data collected through above method were analyzed by mean and t-test and the results were as follows. 1. The sum of maternal behavior score was 40.2 out of 50.0 in teaching situation and 37.9 out of 50.0 in feeding situation. Out of the 4 subcategories on maternal behavior in both situation, the highest subcategory was shown by response to infant's distress and the lowest subcategory by cegnitive growth fostering. 2. The sum of infant behavior score was 14.7 out of 23 in teaching situation and 17.9 out of 26 in feeding situation. Out of the 2 categories on infant behavior in both situation, the highest sub categroy was shown by the clarity of infant's cue in both situation. 3. There was a statistical significance between father's educational level and mother-infant interaction in teaching situation; college group was higher than high school group, particulary in category of sensitivity to infant's cue and congnitive growth fostering. 4. There was a statistical significance in teaching situation between mother's educational level and mother-infant interaction;college group was higher than high school group, particulary sensitivity to infant cue, social-emotional growth fostering and cognitive fostering. 5. There was no statistical difference in between parent educational level and mother.infant interaction in feeding situation.situation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.323-330
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the maternal functioning and related factors among early postpartum women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 243 women recruited from three women's hospitals. Participants completed a structured questionnaire in on-line or off-line between 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS for Windows ver. 25.0. Results: The mean score for the maternal functioning was 73.28±16.78 out of 120 points. Maternal functioning was associated with postpartum depression (r=-.57 p<.001), and spousal and family support (r=.54, p<.001). According to the stepwise multiple regression, postpartum depression (β=-0.43, p<.001), spouse and family support (β=0.39, p<.001), employment (β=0.12, p=.012) and delivery method (β=-0.10 p=.026) had a significant relationship with the maternal functioning among postpartum women. These variables had an explanatory power of 49.0% for maternal functioning. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and implement a maternal intervention program focused on alleviating postpartum depression and improving spouse and family support. This study will be the starting point for various studies by identifying the maternal functioning of postpartum women for the first time in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 1996

This paper presents animation techniques and issues involved in virtual environments where the participants interact with each other through a network. The state of the participant should be collected at each local site, and broadcasted to the other sites. Because information exchange is minimal, animation techniques are applied to convert the incoming low DOF parameters into high DOF joint angles that completely determine the configuration of the agents at each frame. As a case study, a software system VRLOCO is introduced, which has been developed by the author over the last five years.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.16-24
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• 1985

This study considered the problem of whether the method of Lamaze education changes maternal attitudes toward childrearing, material-infant interaction and is feasible for Korean culture in nineteen mother. infant dyads. Among those mothers, nine were assigned experimental group who received Lamaze education at the period of 7th and 8th month of gestation, and ten were assigned control group who received obstetric routine care. Maternal attitudes were assessed with selected items from Cohler's Maternal Atttiude Scale. Maternal Play Interaction Scale was used during play session to evaluate maternal sensitivity, infant response and mother-infant dyadic synchrony. There were no significant differences not only between the two groups, but also between the period of pre-lamaze education and post-delivery on the Cohler's maternal attitude scale. Experimental mothers and babies scored significantly higher on maternal sensitivity and infant response. But no differences in mother-infant, dyadic synchrony were found. This findings mean that the effect of the lamaza education on the maternal attitudinal change related to be needed the change of cognitive structure is delayed while the effect of that on the maternal infant behavioral response showed immediatly. Modification of Lamaze method is necessary for practical use in our sociocultural system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.688-690
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• 2005

본 논문은 웹에 산재되어 있는 OWL/RDF(S) 도메인 온톨로지에 대한 검색 시스템을 설계하여, 온톨로지의 재사용성을 극대화 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 컴퓨터와 인간이 정보를 공유하고, 의미적인 상호작용을 위한 시맨틱 웹에 대한 연구가 활발이 진행되고 있다. 시맨틱 웹을 실현하기 위해 개념들의 정의와 개념들간의 관계를 형성하는 온톨로지의 구축이 필수요소가 됨에 따라 온톨로지를 구축하기 위해 OWL, RDF(S) 그리고 DAML+OIL 등의 많은 온롤로지 언어가 개발되었고, 이들 언어를 기반으로 하는 Protege, OILEd와 KAON 등의 사용자들에게 온톨로지 구축의 편리성을 제공하는 온톨로지 구축 도구들도 50여가지 이상 개발되었다. 이러한 이유로 많은 온톨로지들이 개발되고 있다. 그렇지만 온톨로지의 가장 큰 특징은 동일 도메인의 온톨로지의 재사용인데, 산재되어 있는 온톨로지들을 검색하기 어렵고, 이들을 한데 모아놓은 저장소 또한 갖추어지지 않아 동일한 도메인 온톨로지가 존재할지라도 새롭게 온톨로지를 구축해야한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 웹상에 존재하는 온톨로지들의 검색을 용이하게 하여 지식 정보의 재사용을 최대화하기 위하여 본 연구를 진행하고 시스템을 설계하였다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.630-642
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the interaction between mothers and preschool-age children and construct a structural equation model based on the factors identified. Methods: The data were collected from the mothers of children aged three to six years enrolled in kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk. A total of 328 questionnaires were used for the analysis. Analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 programs. Results: The child's self-regulation (β = .42, p < .001) had the most significant influence on the interaction between mothers and preschool children, followed by the mother's parenting stress (β = - .23, p = .008), social support (β = .17, p < .001), and the child's active temperament (β = .15, p < .001). The child's gender, emotional temperament, social temperament, and mother's education level had indirect influences. Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions considering the child's temperament, mother's parenting stress, and social support are required to promote the interaction between preschool-age children and mothers.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4 s.105
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• pp.391-402
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• 2003

Last 20 years have witnessed many studies dealing with effects of elevated $CO_2$ on terrestrial ecosystems. However, fewer efforts have been made to elucidate effects on wetland ecosystems, although they play a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. This review synthesizes published data to reveal effects of elevated $CO_2$ on wetland plants. In particular, we focused on the changes in primary production, community structures, evapotranspiration, and nutrients in plants. Many studies have reported increases in primary production in individual plants, but we could not conclude that this will lead to increases in carbon sequestration in wetland ecosystems. The reasons include transport of photosynthates into belowground parts, speciesspecific responses, interaction among different species, and limitation of other nutrients. However, elevated $CO_2$ increased transpiration rates in many wetland plants, suggesting substantial influences on water budgets of wetlands. In addition, similar to terrestrial ecosystems, elevated $CO_2$ increased C/N ratio of many plants, which may impede organic matter decomposition in the long term. However, further information on dynamics of belowground carbon supplied from wetland plants is warranted to assess effects of elevated $CO_2$ on wetland carbon cycle accurately.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2013

대기압 저온 플라즈마는 간단한 구조 및 제작, 쉬운 조작성, 낮은 온도 특성, 높은 화학적 반응성과 같은 많은 장점에도 불구하고, 플라즈마의 에너지가 낮아 다양한 산업적 응용에 제약을 받아왔다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해서 대기압에서 저온 플라즈마의 에너지를 높이는 여러 시도가 있었으며, 그 중 가까이 인접해 있는 둘 이상의 플라즈마 젯들의 결합 현상(plasma jet-to-jet coupling)을 이용하여 플라즈마 강도를 높이려는 시도가 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마를 발생시키는 유리관을 서로 모아 벌집모양의 배열을 갖는 플라즈마 젯 어레이 장치를 만들어 플라즈마 젯 사이에 상호결합을 유도하여 강한 플라즈마 발광을 발생시켰다. 플라즈마 젯 어레이 장치 중 가운데 위치한 플라즈마 젯은 대기압 플라즈마 젯의 형태를 구현하는 역할을 하고, 가운데를 둘러싼 주변의 여러 플라즈마 젯들은 중앙의 플라즈마 젯에 많은 하전입자를 제공하여 플라즈마 젯의 발광강도를 높이는 역할을 하는 것을 확인했다. 헬륨기체를 사용한 이 플라즈마 젯은 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도임에도 불구하고 ITO 유리의 유리면을 식각할 만큼 높은 에너지를 가졌다. 이러한 대기압 저온플라즈마 장치에서 플라즈마의 강도를 더 높이기 위해서는 플라즈마 젯 간 결합이 더 많이 일어나는 것이 중요하므로, 이를 위해 주변의 플라즈마 젯의 개수를 높이는 시도를 하였다. 플라즈마 젯 어레이 소자의 중심에 위치한 유리관의 크기를 크게 하고, 주변부의 유리관의 크기를 상대적으로 작게 하여 벌집형태의 배열보다 더 많은 유리관을 주변부에 위치시킨 후 플라즈마를 발생시키고 전기 광학적 특성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 실험조건에 따라 가운데 플라즈마 젯에서 3배에서 5배 이상 높은 플라즈마의 발광강도를 얻었으며, 플라즈마 젯도 더 안정적으로 발생하였다. 주변부의 유리관의 개수가 증가하면 더 많은 양의 하전 입자들이 플라즈마 결합 과정에 참여하게 되고 결과적으로 더 큰 플라즈마의 발광강도를 나타내는 것이다. 본 실험은 하전입자의 상호작용에 의해 발생하는 서로 인접한 플라즈마 젯 간의 결합이 대기압 저온 플라즈마 젯의 플라즈마 발광강도를 높이는 좋은 방법임을 보였다. 이러한 플라즈마 젯 간의 결합은 대기압 저온 플라즈마의 에너지를 높일 수 있는 쉽고 간단한 방법이며, 이 방법을 이용하여 대기압 저온 플라즈마를 표면처리, 표면개질은 물론, 식각 및 증착, 나아가서는 의료/바이오 분석 기술 등 다양한 학문적, 산업적 응용에도 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether hearing a recording of mother's voice affected physiological reactions, behavioral state related to sleep and weight of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: This was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test quasiexperimental design. The participants were 11 VLBW infants in the experimental group and 11 in the control group. In the experimental group, a recording of mother's voice was played to her infant by voice recorder four times each day for five minutes over 10 consecutive days in the incubator. Results: For physiological response (heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation), there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Behavioral state during sleep was more very quiet and quiet in the experimental group. In the daily weight change, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest that, for VLBW infants, the intervention of hearing a recording of mother's voice had some significance as a nursing intervention having a positive impact. Such interventions can help pediatric nurses to stabilize the physiological response and maintenance more very quiet sleep state and improve VLBW infants' growth.