• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2023

As an industry that serves as a greater catalyst for social and cultural exchange than any other industry, the tourism industry has a strong responsibility toward sustainable management in economic, social, and environmental respects. However, there is a low level of awareness for ESG(environmental, social, governance), and as of now, only companies whose parent company is a large corporation are interested in ESG. Moreover, tourism companies taking part in ESG only focus on the environmental field of ESG. Thus, the present study attempted to understand the current status of ESG research in the tourism field and, based on this understanding, offer a field of research urgently in need. Based on the research results, the study found that awareness studies on the type of ESG management that stakeholder groups take into consideration must take place in advance in order to understand and develop ESG for the tourism industry. Additionally, ESG evaluation variables that reflect the characteristics of the tourism industry must be developed. Lastly, strategies and techniques that objectively disclose ESG management activities are necessary based on a disclosure strategy presented by GRI(Global Reporting Initiative).

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2009

While American acoustics had been lagged behind European one in the nineteenth century, Alfred Mayer greatly contributed to enhance American experimental acoustics. He inherited experimental skills in collaboration with Koenig in Paris, and got chances to obtain research ability from leading researchers such as Rayleigh during his visit to England. His accomplishments, which brought him fame in Europe, included the creation of the acoustic pyrometer which measured the high temperature by means of the thermal change of the sound velocity, the discovery of mosquito's hearing by selective resonance, the formalization of the duration of the residual sensation of sound, the invention of the topophone which searched for the direction of the sound source, the construction of the apparatus for visualizing the frequency of sound and so on. He not only added new research results to Europe's acoustics but applied acoustics to physical education to help produce the next generation of American acousticians.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2023

Pilomatricoma is characterized by a semi-transparent epidermis, especially pigmented pilomatricoma, containing melanocytes in basaloid cells, which are dark and purple, resembling vessel-derived skin masses. If the vascularity at doppler ultrasound is high before surgery, it may be misdiagnosed. A 10-year-old female patient visited our clinic because of a mass in the right ear triangular fossa. Ultrasonography was performed, and a vascular-origin tumor was suspected because of the high vascularity. The excised mass was diagnosed as pigmented pilomatricoma by a pathologist. Pilomatricoma is mistaken for other masses owing to its various phenotypes. A misdiagnosis can lead to misdirected strategies which can cause delayed treatment and can result in an increase in the size of the pilomatricoma, making the sequalae of surgery more complicated. For proper treatment, careful examination and evaluation are required before surgery.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.69-96
• /
• 1991

Economic circumstances of enterprise began to change after a series of democratization measures in 1987. Accompanied with it, competitive advantage of enterprise began to change as well. By that time Korean enterprises had a competitive advantage based on low wages of labor. Abrupt and steady upsurge in wage, however, weakened competitive advantage based on low wages, upward revaluation of won currency caused by surplus in BOP strengthened upward trend in price increase of export products. An urgent problem in Korea economy is, therefore, to find 'new' competitive advantage. For the time being preserving competitiveness based on cost advantage must inevitably remain our basic strategy in industrial policy. While cost advantage in the past referred to low wage level, this cost advantage must have foundation on the improvment in producing technology, which will increase labor productivity and decrease unit cost of products. Besides, other measure to improve competitiveness can be considered such as increasing the extent of production automation, self-development of new products, and spread and strengthening subcontracting system among various enterprises. In this paper we tried to perceive how subcontracting system as a form of intercompany division of labor operates and to which direction this system proceeds responding to the recent changes in economic circumstances. Speaking more concretly, we tried to perceive how large the gap of bargaining power between mother-company and subcontracting company is and how effectively subcontracting company's technical power contributes to mother-company. Facing up to weakeening of competitiveness, how stably is the partnership between mother-company and subcontracting company established and what measures are being prepared to retore the weakened competitiveness. In conclusion the result of investigation through the questionaire on subcontracting system is positive, from which we can infer the optimistic view of restoring Korean economy's competitiveness.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.144-153
• /
• 2006

The effects on deacidification of citrus fruits produced at early harvesting season for juice products were examined by heating treatment of raw fruits and electrodialysis of juice. Weight and total acidities were decreased by heating treatment for 40 hr at $25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, but $^{\circ}Brix$ and pH increased Sugar to acid ratio also increased. Total acidities were decreased from 1.25 (Oct30, 2004), 1.24 (Nov.5, 2004), 0.99 (Nov.13, 2004) and 0.98% (Nov.19, 2004) to 0.48 (Oct30, 2004), 0.51 (Nov.05, 2004), 0.37 (Nov.13, 2004) and 0.42% (Nov.19, 2004) by electrodialysis for 100 min respectively, and $^{\circ}Brix$ also slightly decreased, but solid to acid ratio was increased as a result. However pH and color remained almost unchanged by electodialysis. Also, free sugar contents of citrus juice little were changed, but organic acid content were decreased fairly. Narirutin and hesperidin content among flavonoids were slightly decreased by electrodialysis, but they were not significantly different. $K^+,\;PO_4^{2-},\;SO_4^{2-}\;and\;Cl^-$ content were decreased by electrodialysis, and $K^+$ contents decreased by more than 80% However, $Na^+$ consent was increased by about 2 times. Total polyphenol contents and electron donating abilities were decreased a little by electrodialysis but nitrite scavenging abilities were little changed. By acceptability test citrus juice prepared by electrodialysis for 100 min was superior to original citrus juice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.203-213
• /
• 1985

The in situ posture of anterior body of Metagonimus yokogawai was observed in experimental metagonimiasis of dog. The metacercariae were collected from naturally infected sweetfish by peptic digestion; a total of 8 dogs was orally infected with 10,000 metacercariae respectively. Two dogs were killed on 3 days, 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks after the infection. The postures of worms in histological section of small intestine and of whole worms collected from the fixed intestinal mucosa were examined by light and scanning electron microscope. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The recovery rates of worms were 42.6% on 3 days, 55.0% on 9 days, 33.2% on 4 weeks and 9. 8% on 10 weeks after the infection respectively. 2. In histological sections of small intestine, most of worms were found at intervillous spaces as ovoid sections of posterior body. However, many worms, especially in 3 day-old worms, revealed protruded anterior body in glandular lumens of crypt. Some sections of anterior body were bifurcated or sacculated. 3. The worms collected from fixed intestinal mucosa under dissecting microscope exhibited a variety of postures. Many worms showed flat shapes with a concavity or curvatures. However, in many worms, the anterior body made a single or multiple protrusions. 4. By SEM observation of protruded anterior body, a longitudinal groove was found. 5. The frequency of worms with protruded anterior body decreased in 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks than in 3 day-old worms. The above findings indicated that the anterior body of juvenile and adult M. yokogawai protruded to lumens of glandular crypt by folding their lateral portions to make a reversible tubelike structure. Frequent multiple protrusions were considered to be made to adapt the microniche of glandular crypts of dog intestine.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.99-120
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to clarify the industrialization process, and locational factors and linkages of manufacturing in Jangyu-Myun, a suburb of Metropolitan Pusan, toward which heavy decentralization of manufacturing from Pusan has been done. Hard data and soft data were used as the basic data. Hard data used for this study were both the statistical data which consists of the number of establishments and employee classified by product type, firm size, organizational type and unit area(dong) which were listed in statistics yearbooks, and the list of the owner's names, addresses, employee number, products and headquarters of firms which were listed in firm directories. Soft data were the results of the interviews with the 53 owners of firms surveyed among the firms selected by Proportional Stratified Sampling Method. The major findings were as follows: (1) Manufacturing location in Jangyu-Myun was regularized in 1980's in which decentralization of manufacturing was activiated. Though the industrialization of study area resulted from the birth, relocation and establishment of branches of the firms originated from the other regions, the relocation of small outer-oriented firms from the central city was the most important factor among them. (2) The main locational factors which induced the decentralizing manufacturing from the central city into Jangyu-Myun are closely related to land, transportation, personal factor, raw material suppliers and market. (3) The differences of important locational factors by the size and organizational type of firms are relevant to the characteristics of manufacturing location. (4) The changes of linkages attendant upon locational changes of firms were not so great and were localized in labor supply and marketing. (5) The strength of linkages is strong in the procurement of materials, in the subcontraction and in the marketing, but not in the ordering. (6) The main factors influencing on the formation of linkages are different by the types of linkages: monopolistic and oligopolistic supply are important in procurement linkages; characteristics of products and production capacity in the subcontraction and ordering; characteristics of products and the subsequent difficulties, in the marketing. (7) With the exception of procurement linkages, the strength of linkages with the outside of the study area are stronger than the linkages with the inside. The strength of linkages with the outside has distance-decay-function and strong linkages with the central city. (8) These spatial characteristics of linkages are different by products type, firm size and organizational type of firms: the spatial ranges of linkages are wider in the multi-location firms than in the single-location firms; the larger the firm size, the wider the spatial range of linkages: there is no consistent trend by products type. In conclusion, some facts described above were proved to be consistent with the results of proceeding studies in the other areas: influence of central city manufacturing relocation on industrialization in the suburb: different decentralization by products type, firm size and organizational types of firms: different locational factors by products type, firm size and organizational types of firms; linkage changes attendant upon locational changes of firms; spatial differences of linkages by products type, firm size and organizational type of firms. Some other factors were proved to be partly consistent: locational factors and spatial characteristics of linkages. Accordingly I think that the results of previous studies on the other areas can be applicable to the explanation of the location and linkage of manufacturing in Jangyu-Myun. For the better explanation on the characteristics of manufacturing decentralization from the central city, more empirical case studies on the location and linkage of manufacturing in the suburb areas are necessary.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.224-264
• /
• 2010

A brief story of the tale follows : Mokdoryung was a son of an arbor tree and a fairly. When the boy was 7-8 years old, mother-fairy returned to the sky. By using father-tree, Mokdoryung survived from the flood where he saved ants, mosquitos, and a boy with the same age. They arrived on top of the highest mountain, met an old woman with two daughters, worked as servants. With help of insects, Mokdoryung passed the trials, married to a wise daughter and 2 couples became the ancestor of the mankind. Interpretation of the tale starts with amplification of tree which symbolizes Self and Libido. As the son of the tree-spirit and a fairly from the sky, Mokdoryung is a kind of 'divine child' which represents a psychic possibility to understand archetypal nature of unconscious. Adversities of early childhood due to mother's absence regarded as necessary condition for 'divine child' to attain highest good. Flood can be compensation of absence of feminine as well as to bring a new life. The notion of father·tree becomes a kind of life-boat has to do with union of opposite(vertical phallic tree and horizontal feminine boat). Ants and mosquitoes represent upper and lower level of unconsciousness, they mediate divine power. Therefore respecting insects means respecting unconscious, and reward of insects means salvation come from unconscious. The boy saved from the flood presents emergence of psychic energy in its latent unconscious condition to create mental dynamism. The old woman is Great Mother or anima, the controller or guider of unconscious. Working as servants can be an active service for the divine marriage. Trials of separating millet from sand, and finding right direction relate to separatio, means one needs to be separated from unconscious before conunctio, union of opposite. Two sets of couple becoming ancestor of man-kind has to do with number 4 (quaternity) as well as regeneration. Although the tale includes both positive couple (Mokdoryung, wise daugther in east room). and negative couple(shadow side of Mokdoryung, step daughter in west room)as ancestors of mankind, "Good" seems to be more valued than "evil".

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 1986

The species composition, population density, and seasonal prevalence of vector mosquitoes in an inland area of Kyungoook Province were studied, based on light trap and human bait trap collections, and the recent patterns of infestation for infective larvae of Brugia malayi in these vector hosts were investigated from May to November in 1985. Nine species in four genera of mosquitoes were collected by light trap, human bait trap, and/or by nets. Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann was the most abundant species collected by light traps during this year. Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles was the second abundant species, and Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) ranked third in total abundance. The earlist time when A. sinensis were found was the middle of May. At that time the temperature ranged from $14.3^{circ}{\;}to{\;}22.8^{\circ}C$ and the humidity 53~90 per cent. The month of highest average nightly catch was July, when the temperature was between $21.5^{circ}{\;}and{\;}30.6^{\circ}C$ and the humidity 72~91 per cent. The peak time of biting activity of mosquitoes was different in each month, i.e. between 22:00~23:00 in July, and 20:00"-'21:00 hours in September, when the temperature was between $24.3^{circ}{\;}and{\;}26.5^{\circ}C$ and the humidity 73~88 per cent in the field. While infective larvae of B. malayi were reported to have been found in one species of mosquito in 1975, no larvae were found in any species collected in this survey.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.330-342
• /
• 2012

Most of professional baseball teams are not good for business condition because of operation costs in spite of support of mother company. This study measured the relative efficiency and productivity change of the Korean professional baseball teams using DEA model and Malmquist Index for 2006-2008. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in case of efficiency of CCR for 2006-2008, the number of efficient professional baseball teams(CCR value is one) are two(Doosan Bears, Samsung Lions), two(Doosan Bears, SK Wyberns), two(Lotte Giants, LG Twins) respectively. Second, in case of efficiency of BCC for 2006-2008, the number of efficient professional baseball teams(BCC value is one) are three(Doosan Bears, Samsung Lions, LG Twins ), four(Doosan Bears, SK Wyberns, Samsung Lions, Kia Tigers), four(Lotte Giants, LG Twins, SK Wyberns, Samsung Lions) respectively. Third, average of Malmquist Index representing productivity change for 2006-2008 are 1.0615, 1.0293 respectively. These values mean increase of productivity. Results of this study can be used by inefficient professional baseball teams to improve inefficiency.