• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 1994

Three viral strains, causing CPE in porcine alveolar macrophage cell, were isolated from aborted fetus, serum from young pig showing blue-ear sign and lung of suspected pig, respectively. The differential diagnostic results showed no characteristics of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV), hog cholera virus (HCV), Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), porcine parvovirus(PPV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). However, positive reactions were demonstrated by IFA using monospecific porcine antibodies against Lelystad virus. When the paired sera of experimentally inoculated swine with one of isolate, KPRRSV-l were tested by IPMA, the result indicated that the isolate was related to United States isolate than European LV.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The morphological features of neuronal dendritic spines are changed their shapes, sizes and density in response to physiological or pathological conditions . Therefore, exact analysis of spines warrants understanding of neuronal function. The size of the spine is at the borderline of resolution with light microscopy. High voltage electron microscopy Provide excellent resolution of the spines with proper stain techniques thanks to its higher resolution and penetration power. We evaluated more effective staining method for observing dendritic spines after labeling Purkinje cells with anti-calbindin 28 kD immunohistochemistry or Golgi staining methods. 4 fm thickness sections were observed with high voltage electron microscopy and some morphometric analyses were performed. Both Golgi staining and immunohistochemistry revealed the detail structures of the Purkinje cell such as soma, dendrites, and dendritic spines. High voltage electron micrographs with Golgi staining provide more precise morphology and are easy to measure. Average density of spine is $24.5{\pm}3.6/10{\mu}m$ and its length is $1.12{\pm}0.22{\mu}m$. For quantitative analysis of the spines, high voltage electron, micrographs with Golgi staining are more effective. This preliminary result is expected to be useful for further study of spine plasticity in various conditions.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the effect of bioprocessed polysaccharides (BPPs) from liquid culture of Lentinus edodes fungal mycelia containing rice bran (BPP-RB) on a chicken-derived macrophage cell line, HD-11, when infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, an etiological agent of fowl typhoid. Experimental results demonstrated water extract of BPP-RB did not show growth inhibitory effects on S. Gallinarum 277. Protein expression profiles were also not altered by its treatment. Nonetheless, it could (i) enhance phagocytic activity of HD-11 cells, (ii) activate transcriptional expression of Th1-type cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS, as well as an immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, and (iii) negatively regulate Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-6. Together results suggest that BPP-RB may be applicable for preventing fowl typhoid or other Salmonella infections in poultry farms as a potential feed additive.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the microbiological contamination on toothbrushes, toothbrush caps, and tooth cleaning cups in the child care centers and to evaluate the toxin genes, toxin production ability and antibiotic resistance of food-borne pathogens. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and fungi were 5.3 log CFU and 3.2 log CFU. Coliform bacteria were detected in 41 (54.7%) of 75 toothbrushes, 13 (44.8%) of 29 toothbrush caps, and 29 (44.6%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. Salmonella spp. was not detected in all of samples but Bacillus cereus was isolated from 1 (1.3%) of 75 toothbrushes and 2 (3.1%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 1 (1.5%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. The nheA, nheB, nheC, hblC, hblD, hblA and entFM toxin genes were possessed in B. cereus isolated from toothbrush which also produce NHE and HBL enterotoxins. S. aureus was resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, while B. cereus was resistant to ${\beta}-lactam$ antibiotics. These results indicated that the sanitary conditions of toothbrushes and tooth cleaning cups in the child care centers should be improved promptly. The UV sterilization after drying and then storage in dried condition is required to improve the sanitary condition of toothbrushes and tooth cleaning cups in the child care center.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1386-1395
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• 2018

Over recent years, it has become evident that the central nervous system bidirectionally interacts with the gastrointestinal tract along the gut-brain axis. A series of preclinical studies indicate that the gut microbiota can modulate central nervous system function through a multitude of physiological functions. Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant chemicals included in foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee and wine, and their consumption is directly responsible for beneficial health effects due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, vasodilating, and prebiotic-like effects. There is increasing evidence that dietary polyphenol can contribute to beneficial effects in neuronal protection acting against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury as well as in cognitive functions. In this paper, we overview the neuroprotective role of dietary polyphenols especially focusing on the neuroinflammation and neurovascular function by interaction with the gut microbiome. Polyphenol metabolites could directly act as neurotransmitters crossing the blood-brain barrier and modulating the cerebrovascular system or indirectly modulating gut microbiota. In addition, evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols are effective in preventing and managing neurological disorders, such as age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, through a multitude of physiological functions. Dietary polyphenols are increasingly envisaged as a potential nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders, because they possess the ability to reduce neuroinflammation, to improve memory and cognitive function and to modulate the gut microbiota.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a major signaling molecule in a number of pathophysiological processes - vasodilation, immune response, platelet aggregation, wound repair, and cancer biology - has led to the development of various exogeneous NO delivery systems. However, the development of ideal delivery system for human body application is still left as a challenge due to its high reactivity and short half-life in physiological condition. In this article, an overview of several nano-structures as potential NO delivery system will be presented, along with their recent research results and biomedical applications. Nano-size delivery system has immense advantages compared to others due to its high surface-to-volume ratio and capability for surface modification; thus, it has been proven to be effective in delivering nitric oxide with enhanced performance. Through this novel nano-structure delivery system, we are expecting to achieve sustained release of nitric oxide within adequate range of concentration, which ensures desired drug effects at the target site. Among different nano-structures, in particular, nanoparticle, microemulsion and nanofilm will be reviewed and compared to each other in respect of nitric oxide release profile. The proposed nano-structures for exogeneous NO delivery have a biological significance in that it can be further utilized in diverse biomedical fields as a highly promising therapeutic method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.548-557
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• 2024

Curcumin, the primary active compound in Curcumae Radix of the ginger family, exhibits a range of therapeutic effects, including blood sugar regulation, immunoregulation, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, its poor water solubility and chemical instability result in suboptimal pharmacokinetics with low oral absorption (0.18%) and bioavailability, thus limiting its efficacy. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to enhance the oral absorption and bioavailability of curcumin by incorporating lysine and β-cyclodextrin. Following oral administration of solubilized cur- cumin, blood samples were collected to assess the oral absorption rate. Solubilized curcumin showed an approximately 1.55-fold increase in absorption at 120 min compared to its non-solubilized form. Furthermore, intravenous administration followed by blood analysis showed a 25-fold increase in bio- availability at 61 min for the solubilized curcumin compared to the non-solubilized variant. In conclusion, employing lysine for dispersion and stabilization, combined with β-cyclodextrin to enhance solubility, significantly improves curcumin's oral absorption and bioavailability. The results of this experiment are expected to lead to the development of herbal medicines and pharmaceuticals that amplify curcumin's anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and blood-sugar-regulation effects.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Weissella koreensis (Wk), a prominent kimchi lactic acid bacteria supplementation on growth performance, nutrients utilization, gut microbiota and meat characteristics in broiler chicken. Both live and killed Wk was compared to know which could be more efficacious as a feed probiotics. Three Wk supplemented groups and no Wk supplemented group were designated according to supplementation levels and cell status. Those were; Control (no Wk), 0.1 % live Wk (LWk 0.1), 0.5% live Wk (LWk 0.5) and 0.5% killed Wk (KWk 0.5). Body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were improved (P<0.05) by dietary LWk supplementation. KWk did not exert any benefit on growth performance. Crude protein utilizability of KWk supplemented diet was lower (P<0.05) than that of other diets. However, there were no differences among treatments in other nutrients utilization. Serum IgG concentration and relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was highest (P<0.05) in broiler chicken fed KWk 0.5 diet. Cecal anaerobic lactic acid bacteria count of LWk groups were higher (P<0.05) than those of control and KWk 0.5 groups. Dietary Wk supplementation failed to lower the count of cecal and fecal E. coli. There was no effect of dietary Wk on TBARS values and fatty acids profile of broiler leg meat. However, the dietary supplementation of Wk exerted characteristic difference on electronic nose flavor of broiler meat. This study showed that dietary supplementation of LWk was able to improve body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and cecal lactic acid bacterial count in broiler chicken. Further, the result of this study implemented that a live kimchi lactic acid bacteria, LWk, but not killed Wk, could be used as a probiotic feed supplement for broiler.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2008

For the clinical application, it is needed to keep characteristics of stem cells after storage for a long time. In the present study, we examined stem cell properties of human cord-derived stem cells (HUC) after cryopreservation. Cells were isolated from human umbilical cord and cultured in vitro. At passage 2 or 3, HUC were suspended at a concentration of $1.0{\times}10^6/m{\ell}$ in cryomedium consisting of DMSO and FBS. After freezing at $-80^{\circ}C$ overnight, HUC were cryopreserved at $-196^{\circ}C$ nitrogen gas. After 6 months, HUC were thawed and cultured in vitro. Assessment for the stem cell properties was made upon the morphology, population doubling time, and expression profiles of genes and various proteins. Cryopreserved HUC showed more than 70% viability and maintained fibroblast-like morphology similar to HUC before cryopreservation. Throughout the culture, they underwent average 42.8 doublings and produced $6.75{\times}{10^{18}}$ cells. RT-PCR analyses showed that cryopreserved HUC expressed Oct-4, nanog, SCF, NCAM, nestin, GATA-4, BMP4, and HLA-1 genes. They did not express Brachyury and HLA-DR genes. Immunocytochemical studies showed that cryopreserved HUC reacted with antibodies against SSEA-3, -4, Thy-1, vimentin, fibronectin, HCAM, ICAM, HLA-1 proteins. They did not react with antibody against HLA-DR protein. Theses genes and proteins expression patterns of cryopresserved HUC were similar to those of HUC before cryopreservation. These results suggest that cryopreserved HUC could retain proliferative potential and they expressed various genes and proteins similar to HUC before cryopreservation. Thus, cryopreservation might be useful for HUC for future research and clinical application.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 1993

Naegleria fowleri is the cause of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in man, IL-2 levels after stimulation of T lymphocytes by PHA or N.fowleri lysates. the amounts of T lymphocyte subsets and the blastogenic responses of T lymphocytes in mice after Infected with pathogenic N. fowleri were studied comparing between two study groups, one $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$ trophozoites inoculated mice and the other $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$ trophozoites inoculated mice. All experimental samples were obtained on the day 7, 14 and 24 after inoculation. The mice inoculated with $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$ trophozoites showed a 14.3% mortality rate, and 72.2% in the mice inoculated with $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$ trophozoites. The IL-2 levels on day 14 of two experimental groups were significantly decreased as compared with the control group. Thy 1.2+T cells in the total spleen Iymphocytes of $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$ trophozoites inoculated group on day 7 were significantly increased compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$ trophozoites inoculated group and the control group. $L3T4^{+}{\;}T$ cells and $Ly2^{+}$ T cells in the total spleen Iymphocytes of $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$ trophozoites inoculated group on day 7 were sigrlificantly increased compared with the control group. The DNA S fraction of T cells in the spleen of $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$ trophozoites inoculated group was significantly increased on day 7. The amount of S fractions of DNA were sequentially decreased on day 14 and 24 but they were also signiacantly increased compared with the control group. The results obtained in the experiments indicats that cell mediated immunity after N.fowleri infection acts on very important host's protection immunity around the 7th day after infection. IL-2 level was much suppressed on day 14 which resulted from the exhaustion of host immune response. It was observed that the level of IL-2 production ability and the amounts of T lymphocytes subsets and the blastogenic responses of T lymphocytes were not well correlated during the observation period.