• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.248-251
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on Micrococcus roseus, an irradiation-resistant bacterium isolated from laver, and the commercial feasibility of this sterilization method on dried laver. The inactivation of M. roseus in cultivated plates increased with increasing light intensity and treatment time. Approximately 6.6 log CFU/mL reduction of the cell viability was achieved with IPL treatment for 3 min at 1,000 V of light intensity, tailing was not shown. In addition, the inactivation rate of M. roseus increased with increasing pulse number at same light intensity and treatment time. The killing efficiency for M. roseus increased with by decreasing the distance between the light source and the sample surface.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with fermented soybean meal by Bacillus subtilis (BFSBM) on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, water quality, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. A basal fish meal-based diet was regarded as a control and two other diets were prepared by replacing 30% fish meal with either soybean meal (SBM) or BFSBM. Triplicate groups of shrimp ($0.80{\pm}0.010g$) were fed one of the experimental diets for 6 weeks. No differences were found in final body weight, feed conversion ratio, or survival among all dietary treatments after the feeding trial. Shrimp fed the BFSBM diet had significantly higher phagocytic and phenoloxidase activities than those of shrimp fed the SBM diet. Total ammonia concentrations in culture water during a zero water exchange test tended to decrease in tanks where BFSBM diet was provided. Disease resistance of shrimp to Vibrio harveyi tended to increase in the BFSBM group during 14 days of challenge compared to that in the control (CON) and SBM groups. These results show that dietary supplementation with BFSBM can enhance the innate immunity of Pacific white shrimp and replace at least 30% of dietary fish meal.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted with objectives of comparatively investigating effects of original Kyungokgo and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa which is gamibang of Kyungokgo on antioxidant improvement, immunity improvement, and sensory evaluation.Methods : Total phenol and DPPH scavenging activity were measured to determine antioxidant improvement of original Kyungokgo and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa. While, blood and serum study were conducted and effect on the cytokines were observed from the immunosuppressed rat induced by methotrexate (MTX). Control group was administered with a drinking water, Kyungokgo group was administered with a original Kyungokgo 200 mg/kg, and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa group was administered with a Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa 200 mg/kg for 20 days. Further, intensity and preference evaluation were performed as sensory evaluation.Results : It was observed that Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly increased total phenol and DPPH scavenging activity, proving that these can improve antioxidant activities. In the immunosuppressed rat, Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly decreased IL-2 level, significantly increased Il-10 level, and significantly increased neutrophils, RBC, HGB, and HCT levels, indicating that it is effective in increasing immunity. Further, Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly improved intensity and preference in the sensory evaluation.Conclusions : From the above results, it is concluded that Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa which is gamibang of Kyungokgo can act effectively on improving antioxidant activity and immunity, and can attribute convenient intake by improving diet preference.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.648-653
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• 2012

The present study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with nucleotide (inosine monophosphate product, IMP) on the growth performance, feed utilization, and non-specific immune responses of juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Triplicate groups of tilapia (initial body weight, $7.4{\pm}0.04$ g) were fed experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% IMP. Fish were fed six times a day until apparent satiation for 13 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, final body weight and food utilization of fish fed 0.1% IMP were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet. Results of hematological parameters were not affected by dietary IMP. However, blood protein level was significantly higher in the 0.05% treatment, as compared to that of the control and 0.2% IMP diets. Myeloperoxidase activity was higher in fish fed 0.1% IMP than in fish fed the control and 0.2% IMP diets. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with IMP can enhance the growth performance, feed utilization, and innate immune response of juvenile tilapia. The optimal IMP supplementation level appears to be 0.1% in practical feed formulations for tilapia.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

Lactadherin is a glycoprotein of human milk fat globule membrane that binds to mucin and butyrophilin forming the protein complex. Especially, mucin and lactadherin in human milk efficiently protect infants with poor immune functions right after birth from infections by microorganisms and play important roles for their early survival, growth and development. Lactadherin inhibits the propagation and growth of rotavirus that is a global pathogen causing infants' diarrhea. Recently this protein was known to promote neovascularization and its deficiency related to develop Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the basic biochemical and physiological aspects of lactadherin were investigated. Messenger RNAs were isolated from mammary tissues from Korean women patients to clone a 1.2 kb cDNA and sequenced its DNA to determine its amino acid sequences. The cDNA was cloned to express its 43 kD protein in E. coli, which was confirmed by Western blot. The recombinant protein was purified and injected to 2 rabbits to raise antibodies against it. The semi-purified milk fat globule membrane proteins from Korean women was analyzed by Western blot using the rabbit antibody to give 70, 55, 46, 30 kD bands. Also several polymorphism and SNPs of lactadherin gene from Korean women were observed compared with those of Caucasian women.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

Vibrio harveyi was a significant pathogenic agent and cause a high mortality of cultured fish and shrimp in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we have investigated biochemical, physiological, serological and immunological characteristics of V. harveyi isolated from marine cultured fish. The phenotypes of V. harveyi were differentiated with their own biochemical characteristics and colors of colony on the TCBS agar. V. harveyi were classified into more than four serogroups by agglutination test. Most isolates were classified into a group A which is categorized with the same band pattern generated by western blotting. Group A was characterized by a major protein, which is ranged from 26 and 34 kDa in size, and has a virulence to oliver flounder more than reference strain KCCM40866. Oliver flounders vaccined with FKC of V. harveyi C05011 were highly resistant to infection by other strains of group A.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-257
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• 2018

It is noted that Dioscorea quinqueloba is a medicinal herb that is widely used to treat cardiovascular disease and is assessed as useful to treat other various medical conditions. The immunopotentiating effects of the protein extract (DQP-1) from Dioscorea quinqueloba were thus formally investigated in vivo under incident of cold stress. In this case study, the spleen and thymus weight in mice was shown to have decreased after a measured exposure to cold stress, while the adrenal gland weight in the mice was shown to have increased. The systematic oral administration of DQP-1 significantly recovered the weight loss of the spleen and suppressed the adrenal gland hypertrophy during the association with cold stress. Additionally, the DQP-1 also restored the ascorbic acid level in the adrenal gland reduced after cold stress. The cold stress exposure lowered the percentage of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells in the mouse thymus as determined by the flow cytometric analysis, as well as the levels of some serum immunological cytokines(interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-${\gamma}$) in the studied mice. The resulting identified weakened immunity caused by cold stress was also recovered by a treatment with DQP-1. The DQP-1 significantly suppressed the formation of serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, which were systematically elevated during the cold stress episode. These results indicate that DQP-1 can improve immunity in mice that are characteristically weakened under stress.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1992

Monoclonal antibodies against structural proteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) were derived by classical hybridoma techniques. These antibodies were characterized by serum neutralization, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The neutralizing monoclonal antibody reacted with the 56kd to 54kd(M.W.) viral protein in western blotting and immunoprecipitation analysis. Although there was no neutralizing activity, another monoclanal antibody reacted with the 45kd protein by immunoprecipitation and with both the 45kd and 36kd proteins in immunoblotting analysis. respectively. Densitometer scanning of purified BVDV and the immunopreipitation of whole virus particles with neutralizing monoclonal antibody revealed the presence of more than twelve viral polypeptides. Although no possible precursor form of protein was identified with the neutralizing monoclonal antibody. the presence of intact virion was detected in the infected cell supernatant immediatelty after pulse labeling, indicating rapid translational processing as well as packaging of the virus. The partial peptide mapping of 45kd and 36kd proteins with Staphylococcus aureus V 8 protease showed that these two proteins are related.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.361-364
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• 2016

We developed a spectrophotometric assay method for polyethoxylated ascorbic acidusing 3-ethyl ascorbic acid as standard material. The analytical method was validated by linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The coefficient of variation of the precision of the assay was less than 3.4 %. The linearity of the calibration curves in the desired concentration range is good ($r^2$>0.998). 3-Ethyl ascorbic acid and polyethoxylated ascorbic acid were stable in stock solution at room temperature for up to at least 6 h. The developed assay could be used for the content analysis of polyethoxylated ascorbic acid in samples.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.189-199
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• 2011

Recently seaweed polysaccharides have been extensively studied due to their various biological functions including antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although seaweed polysaccharides are known to possess numerous beneficial properties, their industrial applications have been limited due to the low inclusion efficiency and high cost of manufacturing involved in chemical hydrolysis. In addition, the smell of seaweed has been a limiting factor in its application in the food and cosmetic industries. Therefore, novel hydrolysis methods and the deodorization of seaweed are required if the extensive application of seaweed polysaccharides is to be seen. A number of studies have examined various seaweed polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, which have been isolated from marine microorganisms, and enzymatic hydrolysis processes have been investigated for the improvement of production yields and the bioefficacy of seaweed polysaccharides. This review is a synopsis on the properties of seaweed polysaccharides-degrading enzymes from marine microorganisms and their industrial applications. The review reveals the pressing need for more concentrated research on the development of new biological materials from seaweed.