• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

Generally, the objectives of the geodetic network adjustments are for solving the configuration of geodetic net-works and the problem of observation plans. In this study, assuming that the configuration is fixed, for improving the accuracy of geodetic networks, we focus on choosing adjustment control points and adjustment methods. By choosing adjustment control points and adjustment methods, the adjustment result accuracy of national geodetic networks can be different. So, in this study, we introduce the algorithm that use free network adjustment concept to minimize the displacements of new station points but fixing existing control points. Then, us-ing adjustment results, we can check the errors of existing control points. After checking the errors of existing control point, in case of severe error points in existing control points, we change those points into unknown station points and repeat the algorithm to optimize the coordinates of new station points. As applying this algorithm to simulation network, we can check the errors of existing control points. And changing severe error points into unknown station points, we can decrease the errors of network and optimize the coordinates of new station points. From the results of simulation network adjustment, we think that, as applying this algorithms to sequential adjustment of geodetic network and public surveying that using national geodetic network, the accuracy of network adjustments can be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

The adjustment of levelling net is being done to the order of nets independently by using the least square method. For the small size net, it has difficulties in verification and statistical analysis of the net since the degree of freedom is low At the same time, it is also difficult to evaluate the error of lower order net correctly. The aim of this study is to analyse the properties of combined adjustment method compared with the independent adjustment method by using the data which have been measured during 1967-1987. Another aim is to analyse the influences of normal orthometric correction and changes of datum. Finally, Korean leveling net has been evaluated by applying real redundancy and variance component estimation.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.17 no.1 s.73
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• pp.48-53
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• 2002

동일 지역 내 위성망 및 지상망이 동일 주파수를 사용할 경우 서로 간의 간섭으로 인해 서비스에 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 간섭에 대한 영향 평가가 필요하게 되고 그에 따라 조정이 필요한 경우 조정 절차에 들어가게 된다. 본 문서의 목적은 조정 필요성의 유무를 결정하기 위한, 서비스 간의 유해 간섭이 없는 최소한의 거리를 구하는 데에 있다. 본문에서는 요구 주파수 대역에 대해 전송 손실을 비교하여 반복 계산을 통해 조정거리를 결정하는 방법에 대해 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

This paper planned for the adjustment of unified control points by compared adjusted software for integrated network and the national integrated network. There may be some errors in the survey date and interpretation of data processing due to applying different software each year. To minimize errors, we performed a precision network adjustment by consolidating control points per observation session over years. Prior to perform the integrated network adjustment with the GPS analysis program (GLOBK) for the final integrated network adjustment, the Quasi-Observation Combination Analysis(QOCA), the Global Kalman filter VLBI and the GLOBK were compared and analyzed to perform an integrated network adjustment. The integrated network adjustment result indicates that the RMSE was rather big with ±0.03m along the vertical axis, but ±0.006m along the horizontal, that is not much different from the existing result.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

There are numerous adjustment techniques that deal with the adjustment of geodetic networks but the least squares adjustment is the most common one. During the network adjustment procedure two techniques can be used, the free network adjustment technique and the constrained network adjustment technique. In order to determine the optimum technique for adjusting the geodetic networks, which used for the geodynamical purposes, data from two different geodetic networks "Sinai geodetic network, Egypt, and HGN network, South Korea" had been examined. The used networks had a different configuration and located in different areas with different seismic activity. The results show that both techniques have a high accuracy and no remarkable differences in terms of RMS. On the contrary, the resulted coordinates shows that the constrained network adjustment technique not only cause a remarkable distortion in the station final coordinates but also if the fixed points that define the datum parameters are changed different solutions for the coordinates will be determined. This distortion affect not only in the determination of point displacement but also in the estimation of the deformation parameters, which play a significant role in the geodynamical interpretation of results. Comparing the results which obtained from both techniques with the widely known geodynamical models of the area reviles that the free network adjustment technique results are clearly match with these models, while those obtained from the constrained technique didn’t match at all. By considering the results it seams to be that the free network adjustment technique is the optimum technique, which can be used for the geodetic network adjustment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2003

신경망의 퍼셉트론 학습법에는 이진 또는 연속 활성화 함수가 사용된다. 초기 연결강도는 임의의 값으로 설정하며, 목표치와 실제 출력과의 차이를 이용하는 것이 주된 특징이다. 즉 구해진 오차는 학습률에 따라서 다음 단계의 연결강도에 영향을 주게 된다. 이런 경우 학습률이 너무 크면 수렴성을 보장할 수 없으며, 반대로 너무 작게 선정하면 학습이 매우 느리게 진행되는 단점이 발생한다. 이런 이유로 능동적인 학습률의 변화는 신경망의 퍼셉트론 학습법에 중요한 관건이 리며, 주어진 문제를 최적으로 학습을 위해서는 결국 상황에 따른 적절한 학습률 조정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 학습률 조정에 퍼지 모델을 적용하는 신경망 학습 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안한 방법에 의한 학습은 오차의 변화에 따라 학습률을 조정하는 방식을 사용하였고, 그 결과 연결강도를 능동적으로 변화시켜 효과적인 학습 결과를 얻었다. 학습률 변화는 'Sugeno 퍼지 모델'을 이용하여 구현하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.48-62
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• 1985

A method for the free network adjustment is proposed, based on the application of generalized inverse matrix (g-inverse). If the network adjustment is executed according to the solution with parameters, especially when all coordinates are considered as parameters to keep unity strength, the matrix of normal equation will be singular. This paper discusses the problem of singular matrix and the analysis of accuracy between conventional method and the free network adjustment of trilateration. In case of the adjustment, the RMS errors of adjusted X, Y coordinates are increased to 35.6% in a polygon, central-point figure, and 50.5% in a quadrilateral. In the elements of error ellipse, the RMS errors are decreased by $\pm$24.5% (a) and $\pm$5.0 % (b) in the polygon, $\pm$42.6% (a) and $\pm$49.2% (b) in the quadrilateral. Introduction of free network adjustment, therefore, could be applied to improvement of relative accuracy in the horizontal positioning.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

This study attempts to measure effectively three dimensional deformation in road slopes using digital close-range photographs. After the still video images were acquired respectively on the same multi-station geometric configuration in two epoches, photo-triangulation was rallied out respectively by conventional standard bundle adjustment and free-net bundle adjustment and the computed results were compared with those of geodetic method by total station. Three dimensional coordinates and deformation amounts were able to be derived with the RMSE of sub-millimeter and the relative accuracy of $1/30,000{\sim}1/35,000$. It was shown that free-net bundle adjustment is about 13% higher than standard bundle adjustment in the accuracy of photo-triangulation. It was ascertained that the free-net technique is able to promote fast and accurate deformation surveying without the necessity of geodetic control survey in complicated industrial sites.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.493-496
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 신경망 학습의 중요한 평가 척도로써 고려될 수 있는 일반화 성능과 학습속도를 개선시키기 위한 방안으로써 초기 가중값과 학습률과 같은 주요 인자들을 이용한 신경망 학습 영향을 살펴본다. 특히 초기 가중값과 학습률을 고정시킨 후 새롭게 조정된 계수들을 점차적으로 변화시키는 새로운 인자 결합방법을 이용하여 신경망 학습량과 학습속도를 비교해 보고 계수조정을 통한 개선된 학습 영향을 살펴본다. 그리고 단순한 예제를 이용한 실증분석을 통하여 신경망 모형의 일반화 성능과 학습 속도 개선을 위한 각 인자들의 개별 효과와 결합 효과를 살펴보고 그 개선 방안을 제시한다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.3 s.99
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• pp.343-348
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• 2005

The goal of this paper is to study the joint effect of factors of neural network teaming procedure. There are many factors, which may affect the generalization ability and teaming speed of neural networks, such as the initial values of weights, the learning rates, and the regularization coefficients. We will apply a constructive training algerian for neural network, then patterns are trained incrementally by considering them one by one. First, we will investigate the effect of these factors on generalization performance and learning speed. Based on these factors' effect, we will propose a joint method that simultaneously considers these three factors, and dynamically hue the learning rate and regularization coefficient. Then we will present the results of some experimental comparison among these kinds of methods in several simulated nonlinear data. Finally, we will draw conclusions and make plan for future work.