• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between milk and milk product intake and bone health. The data from the 2008~2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects included 4,626 men and 6,144 women aged 19 to 64 years. Daily intake frequency of milk and milk products was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire and divided into two categories: less than one serving per day and more than one serving per day. Bone mineral density (BMD) values of total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were compared based on daily intake frequency, and relationships between milk and milk product daily intake frequency and osteoporosis risk were evaluated based on logistic regression. In men aged 30~39, BMDs of total femur and femoral neck were significantly higher in the group that consumed milk more than one serving per day (P<0.05). Intake frequency of milk and milk products was also significantly related to both BMDs of total femur and femoral neck. The odds ratio (OR) for milk intake frequency (more than one serving per day) compared to intake frequency less than one serving per day was 0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21~0.62], and the OR for milk and milk products intake frequency (more than one serving per day) was 0.49 (95% CI 0.28~0.86) in women aged 50~64. These results indicate that increased consumption of milk and its products is associated with reduced risk of bone health disease, and adequate intakes of milk and milk products might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health. Further research on the causal relationship and dose-response association between milk intake and bone heath using prospective cohort data is required prior to applying the observed results to programs that prevent bone health problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.566-574
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the viewing trends in eco-childhood education. Analyte is analyzed, such as from 10 March 2008 and 2015 annual target of 97 pieces of thesis until March trends, research content, research methods. As a result, first, the ecological childhood education subjects infant destination, Teachers, took place in indoor and outdoor environments subject, parent targeted net was a study of the most frequent targets 5 years of single age, 4 years old, 3 years old, It was a three-order. Second, the research method consisted of the most experimental studies. Third, research topics include ecology toddler exploring related variables of education, ecological infant was the most common educational programs academic and theoretical basis for the direction sought, ecological Early Childhood Curriculum understanding and national levels of the education process, linking childcare courses, ecology teacher education the program was in order. Fourth, training in experiential learning is the most common forest garden gardening had appeared, walking activities, ecology, art, spirituality, work, raise animals and plants, environmental education in order.

• 주택과사람들
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• s.11
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• pp.71-83
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• 1991

[ $\bullet$ ] 정부는 지난해에 이어 올해에도 건설부, 국세청, 지방자치단체 등 관계기관 합동으로 전국의 3,255만필지 중 2,518만필지의 개별토지가격을 조사함. 3월 11일부터 5월 10일까지 개별토지가격을 조사$\cdot$산정하고 5월 22일부터 6월 11일까지 국민의 열람에 공하여 주민의견을 수렴한 다음 6월 29일까지 시장$\cdot$군수$\cdot$구청장이 결정할 계획임. 개별토지가격은 2월 28일 공시한 30만 표준지 공시지가를 기준으로 표준지와 개별토지의 특성을 비교하여 가격차를 수치화할 수 있도록 만든 토지가격비준표를 활용하여 산정함. $\bullet$ 조사된 개별토지가격은 토지초과이득세, 양도소득세, 증여세, 상속세의 부과를 위한 기준시가, 종합토지세 부과를 위한 토지등급의 결정, 택지초과소유부담금 및 개발부담금 산정기준, 토지거래허가 또는 신고시의 가격심사기준 등으로 활용됨. $\bullet$ 정부에서 매년 전국의 개별토지가격을 조사함으로써 공평과세를 이루고 90년 도입한 토지관련제도의 실효성을 거양하여 불필요한 토지보유 억제 및 지가안정에 기여하게 될 것임.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2011

Purpose : This post-marketing surveillance study (NCT00750360) assessed the safety and reactogenicity of an inactivated, trivalent split-virion influenza vaccine licensed for use in the Korea since 2002. Methods : Eight hundred and eighty three subjects aged 6 months received a single dose of the ${\geq}$ vaccine; an additional dose was administered to those aged <9 years and unprimed with an influenza vaccine. Four hundred and eleven subjects used diary cards to record safety information; this report presents data from these subjects. Incidence of solicited local, general and unsolicited adverse events (4-days and 21-days post-vaccination follow-up periods, respectively) were recorded. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study period. Results : Injection site pain (subjects aged <6 years: 12.6% of subjects, ${\geq}$6 years: 34.7%), fever (<6 years: 1.3%) and myalgia (${\geq}$6 years: 13.9%) were the most frequently recorded solicited local and general adverse events. Grade 3 solicited adverse events were reported by ${\leq}$4.0% subjects. No vaccine-related SAEs were recorded (KFDA criteria). Conclusion : Considering the vaccine's well-established immunogenicity and its favourable safety and reactogenicity profile across all age groups and its high coverage rate in Korea, it may be recommended as a candidate to facilitate annual seasonal influenza vaccination for all ages as part of the Korean National Immunization Program.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.44-45
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• 2010

2009년 인쇄업계는 인쇄물의 수출을 제외하고 인쇄물 수입과 인쇄기자재의 수출입은 감소세로 나타났다. 인쇄물 수출입 증가율은 각각 7.7%, -4.2%인 2억 6935만2천 달러, 3억4822만6천달러로 나타났다. 인쇄기자재는 수출은 13.8% 감소한 13억3151만 달러를 기록했으며 수입은 25.9%나 감소한 12억8447만2천 달러로 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

Children develop their language skill rapidly between age 3 and 5. To meet the child's language development through a variety of experiences, it is necessary to develop age-appropriate contents. So it needs to develop various contents using speech interface for children, but there is no speech database of korean children. In this paper, we develop speech database of 3 to 5 years old children in korean. For collecting accurate children's speech, child education experts examine in the speech database development process. The words for database are selected from MCDI-K in two stage and children speak a word three times. Such collected speech are tokenized by child and word and stored in database. This speech database will be transferred through web and, hopefully, be the foundation of development of children-oriented contents.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.183-197
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a group program using theraplay on 2-year-olds' prosocial behavior. The changes of prosocial behavior in the process of program were also examined. Methods: Subjects were 12 infants who attended a child care center in W city. Subjects were attached to the experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in 11 group theraplay sessions twice a week. The adaptive social behavior inventory (Hogan et al., 1992) was used for pre and post tests. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to verify the effectiveness of a group theraplay program. Every sessions was video-taped and recorded verbatim. The verbatim were analyzed using the Padgett (2001)'s qualitative data analysis method. Results: Infants who assigned to the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement in prosocial behavior. Their expressive behavior and compliant behavior gradually increased over the sessions. Conclusion/Implications: The present study showed that the use of group program utilizing theraplay was an effective strategy for improving prosocial behavior of 2-year-old infants.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 1996

In testing visual acuity of kindergarten's children, single Landolt's ring in chart projector was used under proper intensity of illumination. According to the result of 218 eyes' test, 0.6 V.A. forms 8.5 % at the age of 3, 0.7 V.A. forms 84.7 % at the age of 4, and 1.0 V.A. forms 6.8 % at the age of 5. However, children's visual acuity has been gradually developed with their growth. None of emmetropia can be found through the test. All of the children have ametropic eyes.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

2011년부터 2015년까지 최근 5년간 상반기 인쇄물 수출액은 2011년 1억4012만 달라, 2014년 1억2432만 달러, 2013년 1억1987만 달러, 2014년 1억1227만 달러, 2014년 9767만 달러로 집계됐다. 2011년 상반기 1억4천만 달러를 넘어섰던 인쇄물 수출은 2012년 -11.2%, 2013년 -3.5%, 2014년 -6.3%, 2014년 -13.0%를 기록, 5년 연속 마이너스 성장했다. 계속된 상반기 수출 감소로 5년 만에 1만 달러가 붕괴됐다. 2011년에는 동일본 대지진에 따른 대체수요를 일본 수출이 큰 폭으로 증가했지만 2012년부터는 예년 수준으로 돌아섰고, 2014년부터 계속된 엔화 하락은 2015년 절정에 달해 2대 인쇄물 수출국인 일본의 인쇄수출액 감소가 특히 두드러졌다. 다만 엔화 하락은 일본 인쇄기 수입 단가의 하락요인이 됐으며, 2014년 주춤했던 독일 인쇄기 수입도 올해 회복세로 돌아섰다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.194-205
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary behaviors of preschoolers in Daejeon using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P). Methods: The study subjects were recruited from child-care centers and kindergartens located in Daedeok-gu, Daejeon between August and September 2018. A total of 411 preschoolers aged 3 ~ 6 years were included in the data analyses. A questionnaire of NQ-P, which consisted of 14 checklist items on dietary behaviors, was completed by the parents or guardians of the study subjects. The NQ-P scores and its three factors, including "balance", "moderation", and "environment" factors, were calculated according to sex, age, and weight status. Differences in the NQ-P scores and their factors according to sex, age, and weight status were tested using a student's t-test. Results: The mean NQ-P score of the total subjects was $58.5{\pm}9.2$, which was within the medium-low grade. The NQ-P score was $58.5{\pm}9.4$ in boys and $58.6{\pm}9.0$ in girls (p = 0.955). The NQ-P score was similar regardless of the age groups ($57.8{\pm}9.4$ in 3 ~ 4 years vs. $59.2{\pm}9.0$ in 5 ~ 6 years, p = 0.124), whereas subjects aged 5 ~ 6 years showed a significantly higher scores of environment factors than those aged 3 ~ 4 years ($67.9{\pm}16.8$ vs. $61.7{\pm}17.3$). The mean score of the moderation factor was lower in the overweight/obese children compared to the non-overweight/obese children ($46.6{\pm}13.3$ vs. $51.0{\pm}16.2$, p = 0.012). Compared to children aged 3 ~ 4 years, children aged 5 ~ 6 years had higher intakes of vegetable dishes and processed meat. The overweight/obese group showed a higher consumption of processed beverages than the non-overweight/obese group. Conclusion: The current study indicates that the dietary behaviors of preschoolers residing in Daejeon need to be improved. These findings suggest that nutrition education or health interventions targeting young children is necessary for improving their nutritional health status.