• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.37-48
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• 2016

This study aims to figure out the behavior of runoff and drainage of pervious sidewalk block in actual construction environment by experiments. The specimens with surface layer and bedding layer are subjected to the drainage test by considering unsaturated condition and unique rainfall condition in urban areas. The repeated drainage test and clogging test were conducted with time intervals, and 3D X-ray CT image analysis and evaporation test were carried out for a quantitative analysis of drainage test. The results present that the spatial distribution of pores by evaporation for time intervals induces runoff. Especially, the bedding layer under the block is significantly critical in overall hydraulic behavior such as drainage and evaporation compared to the surface layer. Moreover, the sediments in pores promote the change in pores by evaporation and this induces deteriorated drainage capacity which is hard to recover. In addition, it is revealed that the maximum runoff height grows as the drainage capacity declines depending on the pre-wetting condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.181-185
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• 2005

The treated ballast water from previous treatment contains microorganisms and pathogenic organisms in an filtration treatment system. The advantage of this process can be filtrated to minimize the demage to screen clogging of drum filter with sweeping the solids off rotating the surface of the filter. Another advantage is to drop off the solids with controlling revolution of drum screen in pretreatment filtration process. Also the fact that it is easy to attach and detach a several type of screen for getting the expected water quality is another advantage, too. Filter rotation speed at 20rpmis 40.5cmHg and 40rpm is 36.6cmHg. Filter out impurities from ballast water over 60rpm is 35cmHg. Filtration system removal aquatic organism over $80{\mu}m$ in ballast water. This study shows that the filtration treatment system has a potential for the removal of ballast water.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2020

In this study, effect of inorganic particles on organic fouling was investigated by a laboratory-scaled pressurized membrane filtration. In order to cause organic fouling, sodium alginate (SA) was used as a feed solution. Regardless of the presence of inorganic SiO₂ particles, the complete pore blocking played an important role in determining the fouling rate during the initial period of membrane filtration. However, the formation of cake layer resulted in the membrane fouling more dominantly as filtration time progressed. In the presence of inorganic particles, both specific cake resistance and compressibility associated with the membrane fouling formed were relatively lower than that without SiO₂ particles. Membrane fouling was more severe at constant flux mode of filtration than that observed at constant pressure mode probably due to the concomitant increase of compressibility of fouling layer with transmembrane pressure (TMP). It was found that the presence of SA and SiO₂ particles in feed solution provided the synergistic effect on the hydraulic backwashing to reduce membrane fouling as compared to the SA solution alone without the inorganic particles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on improving the flux and cleaning efficiency in membrane process which is widely applied for the treatment of landfill leachate. The experiments on improvement of membrane flux according to the types of membranes(hallowfiber microfiltration, MF and tubular ultrafiltration, UF) were performed with changing frequency($40{\sim}120$ kHz), intensity ($200{\sim}500$ W) and irradiation time of ultrasound as well us operation pressure($0.1{\sim}2.3kg/cm^2$). Membrane was fouled for the first 50 min with primary treated leachate and then the change in flux according to ultrasonic irradiation period was observed for 70 min. Parameters influenced to the recovery ratio corresponding the net flux on pure water and to the enhancement ratio applied after ultrasonic irradiation on the flux were analyzed. In same condition, the flux was improved in proportion to ultrasonic intensity while the improvement of flux was inversely proportional to ultrasonic frequency. The cleaning effect of membrane was delayed and reduced when operation pressure of membrane was high. The recovery ratio and enhancement ratio for $0.1{\mu}m$ MF membrane were 10% and 500%, respectively while those were maximized at $75{\sim}98%\;and\;40{\sim}50%$ for UF membrane for 10,000 and 100,000 MWCO, respectively. In conclusion, it was confirmed that ultrasonic cleaning using mechanical vibration is alternative to water or chemical cleaning for improving membrane flux.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2009

The 180 minutes fire test based on the standard curve of ISO-834 were conducted on three RC column specimens with different constant axial loading ratios to evaluate the fire performance of fiber cocktail (polypropylene+steel fiber) reinforced high strength concrete column. The columns were tested under three loading levels as 40%, 50%, and 61% of the design load. No explosive spalling has been observed and the original color of specimen surface has been changed to light pinkish grey. The maximum axial displacements of three specimens were 1.5~2.2 mm. There was no reduction in load bearing capacity of each specimen exposed to fire and no effect were observed on the fire performance within 61% of the design load. The tendencies of the results with loading, such as the temperature distribution of in concrete and the changes in temperature rise due to the water vaporization in concrete, are very similar to those without loading. The final temperatures of steel rebar after 180 minutes of fire test resulted in 491.4${^{\circ}C}$ for corner rebar, 329.0${^{\circ}C}$ for center rebar, and 409.8${^{\circ}C}$ for total mean of steel rebar. The difference of mean temperature between corner and center rebar was 153.7${^{\circ}C}$ㅍ. The tendency of temperature rise in concrete and steel rebar changed after 30~50 minutes from the starting time of the fire test because the heat energy influx into corner rebar is larger than that into center rebar. The cause of decrease in temperature rise was due to the water vaporization in concrete, the lower temperature gradient of the concrete with steel and polypropylene fiber cocktails, the moisture movement toward steel rebars and the moisture clogging.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2011

Individual Vacuum Pressure Method (IVPM) is a soft ground improvement technique, in which a vacuum pressure can be directly applied to the vertical drain board to promote consolidation and to strengthen the soft ground. This method does not require surcharge loads, different to embankment or pre-loading method. In this study, the ground improvement efficiency of Individual Vacuum Pressure Method was estimated when suction pressure increases step by step(-20, -40, -60, -80kPa) with different periods. During Individual Vacuum Pressure Method process, surface settlement and pore pressure were monitored, and cone resistance as well as water content were also measured after the completion of Individual Vacuum Pressure Method treatment. From the results, optimum duration of each step of vacuum pressure was determined, and the settlement was calculated using FEM numerical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.901-908
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• 2009

We examine the processing method of the food wastewater to direct spray at living waste incinerator. The demoscale stoker system is used as a incineration facility. The results show that it brings effect on the reduction of nitrogen oxide ($NO_x$) concentration as well as the ammonia ($NH_3$) amount in SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) by the incineration of food wastewater which is containing a plentiful ammoniac nitrogen ($NH_3$-N). Furthermore, the stability of incineration facility and the extension of operation period is actualized as a improvement of clogging phenomenon on outer wall of water pipe as the 870~$950^{\circ}C$ maintain of exit temperature in a second combustor by spray of the food wastewater. The 26 items of air pollution matter of nitrogen oxide ($NO_x$), sulfur oxide ($SO_x$) and dioxin etc. are measured. The results show that it is under the value of allowable exhaust standard.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.286-286
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• 2011

강원도 평창군 대관령면 횡계리에 위치한 고랭지 밭 2개소를 2009년 3월부 2009년 12월까지 유출이 발생한 강우사상에 대하여 모니터링하고, 유출량을 비교하였다. 모니터링 지점 A에는 콘크리트 배수로가 설치되어있어 밭에서 발생한 강우유출수가 유입되면 빠르게 하천으로 배수되기 때문에 17.2 mm ~ 36.2 mm의 강우에도 유출이 발생하였다. 모니터링 지점 B는 콘크리트 배수로로 유입되기 전 자연(흙) 배수로가 존재하기 때문에 밭에서 발생한 강우유출수가 자연(흙)배수로로 침투되어 적은 강우에서는 유출이 발생하지 않고, 60 mm 이상의 강우에서만 유출이 발생하였다. 특히 7월 9일 발생한 강우에 의하여 모니터링 지점 B의 자연(흙) 배수로가 토사로 메워졌으며, 메워진 토사에 의해 자연(흙)배수로의 기능을 상실한 후부터 지속적으로 유출되었다. 이는 자연(흙) 배수로의 관리가 매우 중요하다는 점을 더욱 강조시키는 결과이며, 강우 발생 후 토사의 제거 등의 관리가 이루어졌다면 강우유출수와 비점오염물질의 유출이 더욱 감소하였을 것으로 판단된다. 자연(흙) 배수로는 식생에 의해 강우타격력과 유속이 작아지기 때문에 자연(흙)배수로의 공극이 막히는 현상이 줄어든다. 공극 막힘 현상이 줄어들면 토양 침투력이 보호되어 강우유출수가 저감된다. 강우유출수의 감소는 비점오염물질의 유출도 저감시킬 수 있는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 고랭지 밭 지역의 최적관리방안으로 무분별한 콘크리트 배수로의 설치보다는 자연(흙) 배수로의 유지와 관리에 초점이 맞추어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2011

나노 채널 구조는 반응 물질의 빠른 확산 경로를 제공하고, 넓은 반응 활성화 면적을 가지므로, 센서, 촉매, 전지 등의 다양한 기능성 전기 화학 소자용 고효율 전극 구조로서 관심을 받고 있다. 최근 양극 산화법을 이용하여, 자가 배열된 나노 채널 구조의 주석 산화물을 형성시키는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나, 기재위에 도금된 주석 박막이 양극 산화에 의해 산화물로 변화하는 과정에서 내부 균열 및 표면 기공의 막힘 현상이 관찰되고, 기재 위 주석의 산화가 완료되는 시점에서는 기재의 산화 및 산소 발생에 의한 기계적 충격 등으로 인해 산화물이 기재로부터 탈리되는 문제가 발생하여, 그 응용 연구가 크게 제한되어 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 주석 산화물 합성 시의 구조적 결함이 나타나는 이유에 대해 체계적으로 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 결함이 없는 나노 채널 주석 산화물을 제조하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 주석 산화물 박막을 기능성 전기화학 소자용 전극 활물질, 특히 리튬 전지용 음극재료로 사용하기 위한 효과적인 전극 제조 방법에 대해 논의하고, 그에 따라 제조된 전극의 충방전 용량, 사이클링 안정성 등을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.531-532
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• 2003

공작기계 가동시 윤활과 냉각 등의 목적으로 다양한 종류의 금속가공유 (MWFs : 절삭유, 윤활유, 방청유 둥)를 사용하고 있다. MWFs에는 포름알데히드, 니트로스아민, 염화파라핀 등의 발암물질이 포함되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 작업자 건강보호를 위해 효율적인 환기가 요구되고 있다. 현장에서 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 포켓 필터형 오일미스트 콜렉터는 제진 장치가 없기 때문에 필터 표면에 한번 부착된 오일 미스트와 먼지가 떨어지지 않기 때문에 일정시간 후 필터 표면에 막힘 현상이 발생한다. 필터 표면이 막히면 차압 증가와 함께 송풍량이 감소하기 때문에 미스트 제거 효율이 크게 저하되고, 결과적으로 오일미스트의 환기 효율이 크게 감소된다.(중략)