• Title/Summary/Keyword: 막모듈

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FMEDA Analysis for the Protection Controller F-LIC of ITER AC/DC Converters (ITER AD/DC Converter의 보호제어기 F-LIC에 대한 FMEDA 분석)

  • Shin, Hyun Kook;Oh, Jong-Seok;Suh, Jae Hak;Chung, In Seung;Lee, Lack Sang
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2017.11a
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    • pp.121-122
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    • 2017
  • ITER AC/DC 컨버터(Converter)는 핵융합 발생을 위해 토카막의 초전도코일에 제어된 전류를 공급하여 플라즈마 발생, 형상 유지, 소멸하는 기능을 한다. 만일 컨버터 또는 초전도코일에 이상이 발생하면 즉시 보호동작이 실행되어야 한다. 이를 위해 설계된 F-LIC(Fast Local Interlock Controller)은 즉시 작동하여 Bypass 및 Make Switch 트리거, 차단기 작동 등을 순차적으로 수행한다. ITER Interlock System의 기기는 중요성이 고려되어 높은 신뢰도가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 F-LIC 회로분석과 Telcordia SR-332 Standard에 의한 부품고장률 산출방법을 사용하여 FMEDA를 분석하고, 이를 통하여 회로구성 부품의 고장이 미치는 영향과 F-LIC 제어모듈의 SIL-2 등급의 적합성을 분석하였다.

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Filtration Characteristics according to Hollow Fiber Dispersion in Submerged Membrane Module (침지형 막모듈에서 중공사 분산에 따른 여과특성)

  • 이재인;신춘환
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.173-176
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to investigate the filtration characteristics of membrane modules according to hollow fiber dispersion for direct solid-liquid separation of activated sludge. 2 bundle, 4 bundle, and 10 bundle, and 10 bundle module used in this experiment according to hollow fiber dispersion was manufactured at laboratory and permeate flux and transmembrane pressure(TMP) of each module were observed under a suction pressure of 0.5kgf/c$m^2$. As the hollow fibers were dispersed, permeate flux was increased and TMP was decreased. Permeate flux and TMP of each module was 15.0 $\ell$/$m^2$.h and 31.8 cmHg for 2 bundle, 16.0 $\ell$/$m^2$ .h and 17.4 cmHg for 4 bundle, and 20.4 $\ell$/m2 .h and 31.8 cmHg for 10 bundle. In conclusion, the membrane fouling is expected to be decrease by maintaining lower TMP with hollow fiber dispersion.

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Characteristics of Protein Chromatography by Affinity Membrane Mudule (친화성 막모듈에 의한 단백질 크로마토그래픽 특성)

  • 이광진;염경호
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 1998
  • Protein affinity membrane was prepared via the coating of chitosan gel on the porous flat polysulfone membrane surface, followed by the immobilization f the reactive dye (Cibacron Blue 3GA) to the chitonsan gel. The maximum protein binding capacity of affinity membrane was about 70${\mu}g/cm^2$ determined by the batch adsorption experiments of human serum albumin (HSA). Using module of this membrane, the characteristics of protein chromatography were investigated through the experiments of elution and frontal chromatography of HSA. This membrane module promises as a chromatography column, since it represented a lower pressure drop and a greater reproducibility. The protein separation ratio was significantly influenced by the flow rate of mobile phase and the injection quantity of HSA. The dynamic protein binding capacity of module decreased from the equilibrium binding capacity with increasing flow rate and approached the value of 15 - 20 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ for flow rates above 6 mL/min.

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Packet Filtering Architecture Using Statistical Marking against DDoS Attack (DDoS 공격 방지를 위한 통계적 마킹 방법을 이용한 패킷 필터링 구조)

  • Koo, Hee Jeong;Hong, Choong Seon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.1287-1290
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    • 2004
  • 인터넷의 급속한 발전은 지난 수년간 데이터 전송 속도의 고속화, 대용량의 데이터 전송 등을 가져오는 긍정적인 효과를 거두었지만 컴퓨터 시스템의 보안 침해 사고와 같은 역기능 또한 날로 증대되어 그 피해 규모가 점점 심각해지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IDS의 제어 아래 통계적인 탐지 알고리즘을 이용하여 분산 서비스 거부(DDoS) 공격에 대응할 수 있는 패킷 필터링 구조를 제안한다. 이 구조는 탐지 알고리즘에 의해 DDoS 공격으로 인식된 패킷을 IDS가 탐지하여 필터링 모듈에서 효과적으로 공격을 막을 수 있다.

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Advanced Water Treatment of High Turbidity Source by Hybrid Process of Multi-channels Ceramic Microfiltration and Activated Carbon Adsorption (다채널 세라믹 정밀여과 및 활성탄 흡착 혼성공정에 의한 고탁도 원수의 고도정수처리)

  • Park, Jin-Yong;Lee, Hyuk-Chan
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.325-335
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    • 2008
  • In this study, we used multi-channels ceramic membrane having larger permeate volume per unit time rather than tubular membrane. The hybrid process for advanced drinking water treatment was composed of granular activated carbons (GAC) packing between module inside and outside of multi-channels microfiltration membrane. Instead of natural organic matters (NOM) and fine inorganic particles in natural water source, modified solution was prepared with humic acid and kaolin. Kaolin concentration was fixed at 30mg/L and humic acid was changed as $2{\sim}10\;mg/L$ to inspect effect of organic matters. As a result, both resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$) and permeate flux (J) were highly influenced by concentration of humic acid. Also, in result of water-back-flushing period (FT) effect, the shorter FT was the more effective to reduce membrane fouling and to enhance permeate flux because of frequent water-back-flushing. However, the optimal FT condition was 8 min when operating costs were considered. Then, the hybrid process using multi-channels ceramic membrane and GAC was applied to lake water treatment. As a result, average treatment efficiencies in our experiment using the hybrid process were 98.02% for turbidity, 75.64% for $UV_{254}$ absorbance, 7.18% for TDS and 84.73% for $COD_{Mn}$.

The Effect of Turbulence Promoters on the Mass Transfer in Ultrafiltration (한외여과에서의 물질전달에 대한 난류촉진물체의 영향)

  • Oh, Won-Suhk;Park, Ham-Yong;Lim, Gio-Bin;Kim, Woo-Sik
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.221-231
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    • 1994
  • The GR51PP(MWCO 50,000) and GR40PP(MWCO 100,000) membranes manufactured by DDS were used in ultrafiltration of dextran(Mw. : 500,000) solution in flat plate ultrafiltration cell filled with various types of turbulence promoters. The flux improvement by using turbulence promoter was higher in laminar flow region than in turbulent flow region. The maximum improvements of permeate flux were foud as 112% and 50% I laminar flow region and turbulent flow region, respectively. Also, the solute rejection of the ultrafiltration membrane was improved by turbulence promoters and its effect was significant in the high transmembrane pressure and laminar flow region. The smaller the spacer mesh size was used, the higher the flux improved, but the pressure drop in ultrafiltration cell also increased. In laminar flow region, pressure drop by the spacer was negligible, but in turbulent flow region it changed significantly depending upon the mesh size of the spacer and therefore, its mesh size must be baken into account in the design of the process. The predicted results of the modified mass transfer correlation had better agreement with experimental results than those of unmodified one, The modified mass transfer correlations for laminar and turbulent flow region are shown as follow. $N_{sh}=0.151(N_{Re})^{0.199}(N_{Sc})^{0.22}(N_{Scm})^{0.197}\;(625 $N_{sh}=0.0165(N_{Re})^{0.428}(N_{Sc})^{0.33}(N_{Scm})^{0.223}\;(5015

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Transmembrane Pressures with Respect to Backwashing and Sinusoidal Flux Continuous Operation Modes for the Submerged Hollow Fiber Membrane in the Activated Sludge Solution (활성슬러지 수용액 내 침지식 중공사막의 역세척 및 사인파형 연속투과 운전방식에 따른 막간차압)

  • Jeong, Doin;Jung, Seung Hee;Lee, Sohl;Chung, Kun Yong
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.524-529
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    • 2015
  • In this study transmembrane pressure (TMP) was measured with respect to operational time by applying the sinusoidal flux continuous operation (SFCO) for the hollow fiber membrane. The hollow fiber module which has $100cm^2$ of effective area and $0.45{\mu}m$ nominal pore size was submerged in the activated sludge solution of MLSS 5,000 mg/L. The critical permeate flux was measured as $26.6L/m^2{\cdot}hr$ by the method of continuous flux step change. TMPs of the filtration/relaxation (FR), FR with backwashing (FR/BW) and SFCO modes were measured. The SFCO mode was more effective than FR and FR/BW modes below the critical permeate flux such as 15, 20 and $25L/m^2{\cdot}hr$. However, the FR/BW was confirmed as more effectively fouling controlled mode than SFCO mode above the critical permeate flux.

Initial Operating Condition of Membrane Bioreactor with PVDF Hollow Fiber and Permeate Reuse (PVDF 중공사막을 이용한 막생물반응기의 초기 운전조건 설정 및 여과수 재활용)

  • Shin, Choon-Hwan;Kang, Dong-Hyo;Park, Hae-Sik;Cho, Hyun-Kil
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, 4 bundle modules of PVDF hollow fiber membrane from Woori Tech company (Korea) were manufactured in a treatment capacity of 10 ton/day. A membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant was installed at Sooyoung Wastewater Treatment Plant in Busan. An alternating aeration process was selected to avoid the concentration profile of suspended solid (SS) in the MBR. For stable operation, raw wastewater with mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) of about 1,000 ppm, which was in-flowed from the aeration tank of the wastewater treatment plant, was fed and filtered through the pilot plant. Subsequently the pilot plant were washed three times with washing water: once with ethanol solution, once with a solution of 5% NaOCl, and finally with washing water. After the chemical washing, the remaining water in the MBR was fed into the pilot plant. As a result, the SS removal efficiency was found to be more than 99.9%. The amount of filtrate with the aeration tank influent decreased by 16%, compared with that from the initial conditions, giving rise to 30% increase in the suction pressure. These results were used to set up continuous operation conditions. The results from the continuous operation with influent MLSS of 1,900 mg/L showed that the SS removal efficiency was about 99.99% and that the amount of filtrate and the suction pressure were $42{\sim}52L/m^2$ and 16~20 cmHg, respectively, indicating stable operation of the pilot plant. However, for the reuse of wastewater, methods need to be sought to avoid growth of algae which affects the SS removal efficiency at inlet and outlet of the permeate tank.

Advanced Water Treatment of High Turbidity Source by Hybrid Process of Ceramic Microfiltration and Activated Carbon Adsorption: Effect of Water-back-flushing Time and Period (세라믹 정밀여과 및 활성탄 흡착 혼성공정에 의한 고탁도 원수의 고도정수처리: 물 역세척 시간 및 주기의 영향)

  • Park, Jin-Yong;Lee, Hyuk-Chan
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.7-18
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    • 2009
  • In this study, we used the hybrid module that was composed of granular activated carbons (GAC) packing between module inside and outside of tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane for advanced drinking water treatment. Instead of natural organic matters (NOM) and fine inorganic particles in natural water source, modified solution was prepared with humic acid and kaolin. We were investigated effect of water-back-flushing time (BT) and water-back-flushing period (FT) to minimize membrane fouling and to enhance permeate flux (J) in the hybrid process, and tried to find the optimal operating conditions. As a result, resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$) was slightly decreased according to increasing BT. Also, the shorter FT was the more effective to reduce $R_f$ and to enhance J because of frequent water-back-flushing. However, the optimal BT and FT conditions were 10 sec and 8 min respectively when operating costs were considered. Then, the optimal conditions derived from our experiments of modified solution were applied to lake water treatment. As a result, average treatment efficiencies of turbidity, $UV_{254}$ absorbance, and $COD_{Mn}$ were very high as 99.11%, 91.40% and 89.34%, respectively, but that of TDS was low as 30.05%.

Processing Characteristics of the Condensed Wastewater Resulting from Food Waste Disposal using a Submerged Polyethylene Hollow Fiber Membrane (음식물 소멸기에서 발생하는 응축폐수의 Polyethylene 침지형 중공사막을 이용한 처리 특성)

  • Ryu, Jae-Sang;Jeon, Tae-Bong;Kim, Jin-Ho;Chung, Kun-Yong
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2010
  • This study is conducted about the system that reduces organism after fermenting food waste from a food waste disposal equipment, divides gas made when food waste is fermented into gas and water, and then sends gas to a reactor again, condenses water, and apply it to the MBR system with submerged MF hollow fiber membranes. A submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module was installed to a food waste disposal equipment and a water treatment system made by Bio Hitech Co,. Ltd. to process food waste generated from a staff cafeteria in a H institute for 90 days. For initial seeding of a food waste disposal equipment, 305 kg of rice bran, chaff, and sawdust as well as 1,648 kg of food were input during the operation, and 1,600 L of condensed wastewater occurred. Fermented by-product after finishing running a food waste disposal equipment was 386 kg and its reduction was shown to be 80%. The organism was processed by applying submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module to the MBR system of condensed wastewater, and the result shows reduction rates were BOD 99.9%, COD 97.5%, SS 98.6%, T-N 54.6% and T-P 34.7% and the total colon bacillus was perfectly eliminated.